and established the Pecheneg state in Eastern Europe (890–990 CE).
Etymology
The Kengeres, mentioned in the
Cuman-Kipchak confederation as well as the Indo-European Kangju in Chinese sources. Akhinžanov proposed that the Kipchaks simply assumed the name Qanglı (literally "wagon") after taking over the Kang region.[5]András Róna-Tas (1996, 1999) proposes that the Pechenegs associated with their word kongor meaning "brown" (referring to their horses' coat color) with the ethnic name Kangar, which had been in existence in the Caucasus region as early as the 6th century CE before the Turkic peoples emerged; though he considers it a "case of an ethnic name established by means of a popular etymology".[6][7]
Nevertheless, all of these connections, if any, remain unclear.
Independence
After the capture of
Kypchaks
in the northern Kazakhstan became the vassals of the Kangar union.
At the end of the 7th century the Syr Darya cities rebelled and formed an alliance with the
Arab
armies attacked Sogdiana from the south. The revolt has waned, and Kangars consented to the continued autonomy of the Syr Darya cities.
Fall of the Union
At the beginning of the 8th century the
Pecheneg, later carved out a realm, which bordered both the Ouzes and the Khazars
^Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages. An introduction to early Hungarian history. Central European University Press. p. 420
^Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
Further reading
Gumilev L.N., History of Hun People, Moscow, 'Science', (In Russian) Ch.11.
Kadyrbaev A.Sh. Chinese sources of Mongolian epoch about foreign political relations of Kazakhstan Türkic nomads (Kypchaks-Kangly) with peoples of Central Asia and Far East//Society and state in China. Moscow, 1982, (In Russian)
Zuev Yu.A., Early Turks: Essays on history and ideology, Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, (In Russian),
1These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas. 2State with limited international recognition.
