Qara Qoyunlu: Difference between revisions

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*[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] <small>(poetry)</small>{{sfn|Minorsky|1954|p=283}}

*[[Persian language|Persian]] <small>(poetry)</small>{{sfn|Minorsky|1954|p=283}}}}

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The '''Kara Koyunlu''' or '''Qara Qoyunlu''', also called the '''Black Sheep Turkomans''' ({{lang-fa|قره قویونلو}}), were a [[Islam|Muslim]] [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Philippe |first1=Beaujard |title=The Worlds of the Indian Ocean |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Chapter 17 - Western Asia: Revival of the Persian Gulf |isbn=9781108341219 |pages=515–521}} "In a state of demographic stagnation or downturn, the region was an easy prey for nomadic '''Turkmen'''. The '''Turkmen''', however, never managed to build strong states, owing to a lack of sedentary populations (Martinez-Gros 2009: 643). When Tamerlane died in 1405, the Jalāyerid sultan Ahmad, who had fled Iraq, came back to Baghdad. Five years later, he died in Tabriz (1410) in a battle led against the '''Turkmen Kara Koyunlu''' (“[Those of the] Black Sheep”), who took Baghdad in 1412." </ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kara Koyunlu |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kara-Koyunlu |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}} "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, '''Turkmen''' tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468."</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of Dede Korkut |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofdedekorkut0000unse |url-access=registration |date=1972 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=0-292-70787-8 |page=Introduction |edition=F.Sumer, A.Uysal, W.Walker}} "Better known as '''Turkomans'''... the interim Ak-Koyunlu and Karakoyunlu dynasties..."</ref> monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Armenia]],