Syringa vulgaris
Syringa vulgaris | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Oleaceae |
Genus: | Syringa |
Species: | S. vulgaris
|
Binomial name | |
Syringa vulgaris |
Syringa vulgaris, the lilac or common lilac, is a
Description
Syringa vulgaris is a large
Taxonomy and naming
Syringa vulgaris was first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and the description was published in Species Plantarum.[9][10] The Latin specific epithet vulgaris means "common" (in the sense of "widespread").[11]
Garden history
Lilacs—both S. vulgaris and
In the American colonies, lilacs were introduced in the 18th century.
It is also slowly making its way into the world of bonsai where it is loved for its flowers and multistem features.[17]
Cultivation
The lilac is a very popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks, because of its attractive, sweet-smelling flowers, which appear in early summer just before many of the roses and other summer flowers come into bloom.[18]
In late summer, lilacs can be attacked by
Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by deadheading the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time, twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot.
It is widely
Cultivars
Most garden plants of S. vulgaris are cultivars, the majority of which do not exceed 4–5 m (13–16 ft) tall.[22] Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman Victor Lemoine of Nancy, France, introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of which are considered classics and still in commerce today. Lemoine's "French lilacs" extended the limited color range to include deeper, more saturated hues, and many of them are double-flowered "sports", with the stamens replaced by extra petals.
AGM cultivars
The following cultivars of Syringa vulgaris have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
With single flowers:
- 'Andenken an Ludwig Späth' (deep pink/red)[23]
- 'Esther Staley' (S. × hyacinthiflora - pale lilac flowers)[24]
- 'Firmament' (pale lilac-blue)[25]
- 'Sensation' (purple flowers edged white)[26]
- 'Vestale' (pure white flowers)[27]
With double flowers:
- 'Katherine Havemeyer' (lilac)[28]
- 'Madame Lemoine' (white)[29]
- 'Mrs Edward Harding' (deep pink/red)[30]
- 'Primrose' (pale yellow flowers)[31]
Other uses
The flowers of common lilac are edible and used for flavoring honeys, sugars, food and other sweets. [32][33]
Gallery
-
Flowers and heart-shaped leaves
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'Alba'
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'Charles Joly'
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'Corondel'
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'Etna'
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'Mme. Francisque Morel'
-
'Maréchal Foch'[citation needed]
-
Wood
-
Branch end displaying fasciation
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Buds of white lilac
-
Single lilac flower
References
- ^ ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ^ Med-Checklist: Syringa vulgaris
- ^ Flora Europaea: Syringa vulgaris
- ^ Biota of North Idaho America Program, Syringa vulgaris
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Syringa vulgaris
- ^ Illinois wildflowers, common lilac, Syringa vulgaris
- ^ In second-growth woodlands of New England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished 19th-century timber-framed farmhouse.
- ^ ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species Plantarum (1 ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 9. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ISBN 978-1845337315.
- ^ The botanic homeland of S. vulgaris was identified in 1828, when naturalist Anton Rocher found truly wild specimens in Balkans .
- OEDdated to 1625.
- ^ Loudon, Arboretum (1838:49), noted in R.T. Gunther, Early British Botanists and their Gardens (Oxford: Frederick Hall) 1922:339.
- ^ Written in the endpapers of his copy of John Parkinson's Paradisus, in the Bodleian Library; printed in Gunther 1922:346
- ^ Ann Leighton, American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century (University of Massachusetts Press) 1986:445
- ^ D'Cruz, Mark (16 April 2020). "Ma-Ke Bonsai Care Guide for Common Lilac". Ma-Ke Bonsai. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ B. Ing, "An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews", in The Mycologist 5.1 (1990:24–27).
- ^ New Hampshire Revised Statute Annotated (RSA) 3:5
- ^ "Plant Profiles - Chicago Botanic Garden". www.chicagobotanic.org. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Andenken an Ludwig Späth'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa × hyacinthiflora 'Esther Staley'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Firmament'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Sensation'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Vestale'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Katherine Havemeyer'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Madame Lemoine'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Mrs Edward Harding'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Syringa vulgaris 'Primrose'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "How to Eat Lilacs (and Other Ways to Use Them)". Practical Self Reliance. 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Edible Wild Food Blog » Lilac Flowers for Eye Health". Retrieved 12 January 2022.
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .
- "Syringa vulgaris". Plants for a Future.
- Syringa vulgaris in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley