Territories/ dates [1][2][3][4][5] |
Egypt |
Canaan |
Ebla |
Mari |
Kish/ Assur |
Akshak/ Akkad |
Uruk |
Adab |
Umma
|
Lagash |
Ur |
Elam
|
4000–3200 BCE
|
|
Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
|
Pre-Dynastic period (4000–2900 BCE)
|
Susa I
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Uruk period (4000–3100 BCE)
(Anu Ziggurat, 4000 BCE)
(Anonymous "King-priests")
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Susa II
(Uruk influence or control)
|
3200–3100 BCE
|
Proto-Dynastic period (Naqada III) Early or legendary kings:
|
|
Lower Egypt Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Nat-Hor Mekh Double Falcon Wash
|
3100–2900 BCE
|
Horus Bird
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Canaanites
|
Jemdet Nasr period (3100–2900 BCE)
|
) (3100–2700 BCE)
|
2900 BCE
|
|
Early Dynastic Period I (2900–2700 BCE)
|
First Eblaite Kingdom
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First kingdom of Mari
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Kish I dynasty Jushur, Kullassina-bel Nangishlishma, En-tarah-ana Babum, Puannum, Kalibum
|
2800 BCE
|
Kalumum Zuqaqip Atab Mashda Arwium Etana Balih En-me-nuna Melem-Kish Barsal-nuna
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Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
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Enmerkar ("conqueror of Aratta")
|
2700 BCE
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Early Dynastic Period II (2700–2600 BCE)
|
|
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Zamug, Tizqar, Ilku Iltasadum
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Dumuzid, the Fisherman
|
Enmebaragesi ("made the land of Elam submit")[6]
|
Aga of Kish
|
Gilgamesh
|
Indus-Mesopotamia relations
|
2600 BCE
|
Third Dynasty of Egypt
Djoser
(First Egyptian pyramids) Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Qahedjet Huni
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Early Dynastic Period III (2600–2340 BCE)
|
Sagisu Abur-lim Agur-lim Ibbi-Damu Baba-Damu
|
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Kish II dynasty (5 kings) Uhub Mesilim
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Ur-Nungal Udulkalama Labashum
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Lagash En-hegal Lugal- shaengur
|
|
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Adab Nin-kisalsi Me-durba Lugal-dalu
|
|
2575 BCE
|
Old Kingdom of Egypt Fourth Dynasty of Egypt Snefru Khufu
Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis
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Ur I dynasty Mesannepada "King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
|
2500 BCE
|
Phoenicia (2500-539 BCE)
|
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Kish III dynasty
Ku-Baba ♀
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Akshak dynasty Unzi Undalulu
|
Uruk II dynasty Ensha- kushanna
|
Mug-si
|
Umma I dynasty
Pabilgagaltuku
|
Lagash I dynasty
Ur-Nanshe
Akurgal
|
A'annepada Meskiagnun Elulu Balulu
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Awan dynasty Peli Tata Ukkutahesh Hishur
|
2450 BCE
|
Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas
|
Enar-Damu Ishar-Malik
|
Ush Enakalle
|
Elamite invasions (3 kings)[6]
|
Shushun- tarana Napilhush
|
2425 BCE
|
Kun-Damu
|
Eannatum (King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
|
2400 BCE
|
Adub-Damu Igrish-Halam Irkab-Damu
|
Kish IV dynasty Puzur-Suen Ur-Zababa
|
Urur
|
Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi
|
E-iginimpa'e Meskigal
|
Ur-Lumma Il Gishakidu (Queen Bara-irnun)
|
Enannatum Entemena Enannatum II Enentarzi
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Ur II dynasty Nanni Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
|
Kiku-siwe-tempti
|
2380 BCE
|
Sixth Dynasty of Egypt Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah
|
Lugalannemundu "King of the four quarters of the world"
|
2370 BCE
|
Isar-Damu
|
Enna-Dagan Ikun-Ishar Ishqi-Mari
|
Invasion by Mari Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter[6]
|
Ukush
|
Lugalanda Urukagina
|
Luh-ishan
|
2350 BCE
|
|
Puzur-Nirah Ishu-Il Shu-Sin
|
Uruk III dynasty Lugalzagesi (Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
|
2340 BCE
|
|
Akkadian Period (2340–2150 BCE)
|
Akkadian Empire
Sargon of Akkad Rimush Manishtushu
|
Akkadian Governors: Eshpum Ilshu-rabi Epirmupi Ili-ishmani
|
2250 BCE
|
Naram-Sin
|
Lugal-ushumgal (vassal of the Akkadians)
|
2200 BCE
|
First Intermediate Period Seventh Dynasty of Egypt Eighth Dynasty of Egypt Menkare Neferkare II Neferkare Neby Djedkare Shemai Neferkare Khendu Merenhor Neferkamin Nikare Neferkare Tereru Neferkahor Neferkare Pepiseneb Neferkamin Anu Qakare Ibi Neferkaure Neferkauhor Neferirkare
|
Second Eblaite Kingdom
|
Third kingdom of Mari (Shakkanakku dynasty)
Ididish Shu-Dagan Ishma-Dagan (Vassals of the Akkadians)
|
Shar-Kali-Sharri
|
Igigi, Imi, Nanum, Ilulu (3 years) Dudu Shu-turul
|
Uruk IV dynasty Ur-nigin Ur-gigir
|
|
Lagash II dynasty Puzer-Mama Ur-Ningirsu I Pirig-me Lu-Baba Lu-gula Ka-ku
|
Hishep-Ratep Helu Khita Puzur-Inshushinak
|
2150 BCE
|
|
Ur III period (2150–2000 BCE)
|
Nûr-Mêr Ishtup-Ilum
Ishgum-Addu Apil-kin
|
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Kuda (Uruk) Puzur-ili Ur-Utu
|
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Umma II dynasty Lugalannatum (vassal of the Gutians)
|
Ur-Baba Gudea Ur-Ningirsu Ur-gar Nam-mahani
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Tirigan
|
2125 BCE
|
Tenth Dynasty of Egypt Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare
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Uruk V dynasty Utu-hengal
|
2100 BCE
|
(Vassals of UR III)
|
Iddi-ilum Ili-Ishar Tura-Dagan Puzur-Ishtar (Vassals of Ur III)[7]
|
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2025-1763 BCE
|
Amorite invasions
|
Ibbi-Sin
|
Shimashki Dynasty )
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Middle Kingdom of Egypt Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
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Third Eblaite Kingdom (Amorites) Ibbit-Lim
Immeya Indilimma
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(Amorite Shakkanakkus) Hitial-Erra Hanun-Dagan (...)
Lim Dynasty of Mari (Amorites) Yaggid-Lim Yahdun-Lim Yasmah-Adad Zimri-Lim (Queen Shibtu)
|
Old Assyria Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-ahum Ilu-shuma Erishum I Ikunum Sargon I Puzur-Ashur II Naram-Sin Erishum II
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Rim-Sin II Uruk VI dynasty: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk Sîn-kāšid Sîn-iribam Sîn-gāmil Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
|
Sukkalmah dynasty
Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
|
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu♀
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1800–1595 BCE
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Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
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Kings of Sidon
|
Yamhad (Yamhad dynasty) (Amorites)
|
Old Assyria
(
(Non-dynastic usurpers 1735–1701 BCE)
(
|
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Second Babylonian dynasty ("Ea-gamil
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Dynasty
Abydos Dynasty
Seventeenth Dynasty
|
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Parshatatar
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1531–1155 BCE
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New Kingdom of Egypt Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ahmose I Amenhotep I
|
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Middle Elamite period
(1500–1100 BCE)
|
Thutmose I Thutmose II Hatshepsut♀ Thutmose III
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Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb
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Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Twosret♀
|
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1155–1025 BCE
|
Third Intermediate Period
Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II
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Syro-Hittite states
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Middle Assyria Eriba-Adad I Ashur-uballit I Enlil-nirari Arik-den-ili Adad-nirari I Shalmaneser I Tukulti-Ninurta I Ashur-nadin-apli Ashur-nirari III Enlil-kudurri-usur Ninurta-apal-Ekur Ashur-dan I Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur Mutakkil-Nusku Ashur-resh-ishi I Tiglath-Pileser I Asharid-apal-Ekur Ashur-bel-kala Eriba-Adad II Shamshi-Adad IV Ashurnasirpal I Shalmaneser II Ashur-nirari IV Ashur-rabi II Ashur-resh-ishi II Tiglath-Pileser II Ashur-dan II
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Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
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Neo-Elamite period (1100–540 BCE)
|
1025–934 BCE
|
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos") Simbar-shipak Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I Shirikti-shuqamuna Mar-biti-apla-usur Nabû-mukin-apli
|
911–745 BCE
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Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt Shoshenq I Osorkon I Shoshenq II Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami Shoshenq V Pedubast II Osorkon IV
Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt Harsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini
Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt Tefnakht Bakenranef
|
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Neo-Assyrian Empire Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Shammuramat♀ (regent) Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-nirari V
|
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745–609 BCE
|
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Neo-Assyrian Empire
(
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Assyrian conquest of Egypt
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Assyrian conquest of Elam
|
626–539 BCE
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Late Period Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III
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Neo-Babylonian Empire Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar II Amel-Marduk Neriglissar Labashi-Marduk Nabonidus
|
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539–331 BCE
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Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt)
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Kings of Sidon
|
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Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
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Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
|
331–141 BCE
|
♀
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Hellenistic Period Argead dynasty: Alexander III Philip III Alexander IV Antigonid dynasty: Antigonus I Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes
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141–30 BCE
|
Kingdom of Judea Simon Thassi John Hyrcanus Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Salome Alexandra♀ Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus II Mattathias
|
Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
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30 BCE–116 CE
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Roman Empire
|
( Province of Egypt
|
Judea
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Syria
|
116–117 CE
|
Province of Mesopotamia under Trajan
|
Parthamaspates of Parthia
|
117–224 CE
|
Syria Palaestina
|
Province of Mesopotamia
|
Sinatruces II Mithridates V Vologases IV Osroes II Vologases V Vologases VI Artabanus IV
|
224–270 CE
|
Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan Ardashir I Shapur I Hormizd I Bahram I Bahram II Bahram III Narseh Hormizd II Adur Narseh Shapur II Ardashir II Shapur III Bahram IV Yazdegerd I Shapur IV Khosrow Bahram V Yazdegerd II Hormizd III Peroz I Balash Kavad I Jamasp Kavad I Khosrow I Hormizd IV Khosrow II Bahram VI Chobin Vistahm
|
270–273 CE
|
Palmyrene Empire Vaballathus Zenobia♀ Antiochus
|
273–395 CE
|
Roman Empire
|
Province of Egypt
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Syria Palaestina
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Syria
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Province of Mesopotamia
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395–618 CE
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Byzantine Empire
|
Byzantine Egypt
|
Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda
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Byzantine Syria
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Byzantine Mesopotamia
|
618–628 CE
|
(
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Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan Khosrow II Kavad II
|
628–641 CE
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Ardashir III Shahrbaraz Khosrow III Boran♀ Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Azarmidokht♀ Farrukh Hormizd Hormizd VI Khosrow IV Boran Yazdegerd III Peroz III Narsieh
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Byzantine Egypt
|
Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda
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Byzantine Syria
|
Byzantine Mesopotamia
|
639–651 CE
|
Muslim conquest of Egypt
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Muslim conquest of the Levant
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Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
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Chronology of the Neolithic period
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Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
|
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