Bamberg
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Bamberg | |
---|---|
Urban district | |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2020–26) | Andreas Starke[1] (SPD) |
Area | |
• Total | 54.62 km2 (21.09 sq mi) |
Elevation | 262 m (860 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 79,935 |
• Density | 1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 96047, 96049, 96050, 96051, 96052 |
Dialling codes | 0951 |
Vehicle registration | BA |
Website | www |
Official name | Town of Bamberg |
Criteria | Cultural: ii, iv |
Reference | 624 |
Inscription | 1993 (17th Session) |
Area | 142 ha |
Buffer zone | 444 ha |
Bamberg (
From the 10th century onwards, Bamberg became a key link with the Slav peoples, notably those of Poland and Pomerania. It experienced a period of great prosperity from the 12th century onwards, during which time it was briefly the centre of the
Bamberg lost its independence in 1802, following the secularization of church lands, becoming part of Bavaria in 1803. The town was first connected to the German rail system in 1844, which has been an important part of its infrastructure ever since. After a communist uprising took control over Bavaria in the years following World War I, the state government fled to Bamberg and stayed there for almost two years before the Bavarian capital of Munich was retaken by Freikorps units (see Bavarian Soviet Republic). The first republican constitution of Bavaria was passed in Bamberg, becoming known as the Bamberger Verfassung (Bamberg Constitution).
Following the
History
Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg 1245–1802
Electorate of Bavaria 1802–1805
Kingdom of Bavaria 1805–1918
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Republic 1918–1933
Nazi Germany 1933–1945
Allied-occupied Germany 1945–1949
West Germany 1949–1990
Germany 1990–present
During the post-
In 1008, after long negotiations with the Bishops of Würzburg and
From the middle of the 13th century onwards, the bishops were princes of the Empire
The old
The
In 1647, the University of Bamberg was founded as Academia Bambergensis.[13]
Bamberg was first connected to the German rail system in 1844, which has been an important part of its infrastructure ever since. After a communist uprising took control over Bavaria in the years following World War I, the state government fled to Bamberg and stayed there for almost two years before the Bavarian capital of Munich was retaken by Freikorps units (see Bavarian Soviet Republic). The first republican constitution of Bavaria was passed in Bamberg, becoming known as the Bamberger Verfassung (Bamberg Constitution).[16]
In February 1926 Bamberg served as the venue for the
Historical population
Year | Population |
---|---|
1818 | 17,000 |
1885 | 31,521 |
1905 | 45,308 |
Largest groups of foreign residents | |
Nationality | Population (2013) |
Turkey | 1,076 |
Italy | 359 |
Greece | 232 |
Portugal | 119 |
Spain | 115 |
Geography
Bamberg is located in Franconia, 63 km (39 mi) north of Nuremberg by railway and 101 km (63 mi) east of Würzburg, also by rail. It is situated on the Regnitz river, 3 km (1.9 mi) before it flows into the Main river.
Its geography is shaped by the Regnitz and by the foothills of the Steigerwald, part of the German uplands. From northeast to southwest, the town is divided into first the Regnitz plain, then one large and several small islands formed by two arms of the Regnitz (Inselstadt), and finally the part of town on the hills, the "Hill Town" (Bergstadt).
The seven hills of Bamberg
Bamberg extends over seven hills, each crowned by a church. This has led to Bamberg being called the "Franconian Rome" — although a running joke among Bamberg's tour guides is to refer to Rome instead as the "Italian Bamberg". The hills are Cathedral Hill, Michaelsberg, Kaulberg/Obere Pfarre, Stefansberg, Jakobsberg, Altenburger Hill and Abtsberg.[18]
Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round.[citation needed] The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate), with a certain continental influence as indicated by average winter nighttime temperatures well below zero.[19]
Climate data for Bamberg (1991−2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
38.3 (100.9) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.6 (52.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
14.7 (58.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −29.7 (−21.5) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.4 (34.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−18.0 (−0.4) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46.8 (1.84) |
37.2 (1.46) |
43.2 (1.70) |
35.0 (1.38) |
60.7 (2.39) |
61.5 (2.42) |
78.8 (3.10) |
59.9 (2.36) |
55.5 (2.19) |
49.5 (1.95) |
51.9 (2.04) |
54.5 (2.15) |
634.6 (24.98) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 16.0 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 171.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 8.1 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 26.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
84.5 | 81.2 | 75.7 | 69.5 | 70.6 | 71.1 | 71.3 | 73.6 | 79.8 | 84.9 | 88.0 | 87.3 | 78.4 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 52.0 | 79.4 | 124.2 | 181.2 | 209.4 | 220.6 | 230.4 | 218.9 | 159.3 | 102.9 | 48.8 | 39.4 | 1,666.6 |
Source 1: NOAA[20]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: Infoclimat[21] |
Economy
In 2013 (latest data available) the GDP per inhabitant was €56,723. This places the district 10th out of 96 districts (rural and urban) in Bavaria (overall average: €39,691).[22]
Attractions
The Town of Bamberg was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993 due to its medieval layout and its well preserved historic buildings.[8] Since the Middle Ages, urban gardening has been practiced in Bamberg. The Market Gardeners’ District together with the City on the Hills and the Island District is an integral part of the World Heritage site. In 2005, the Municipality established a unit to coordinate the implementation of the World Heritage Convention in Bamberg. In 2019, a visitor and interpretation centre opened for the World Heritage site.[23]
Some of the main sights are:
- Bamberg Cathedral (1237), with the tombs of Emperor Henry II and Pope Clement II
- Alte Hofhaltung, residence of the bishops in the 16th and 17th centuries
- Neue Residenz, residence of the bishops after the 17th century
- Bamberg State Library in the New Residence
- Old town hall (1386), built in the middle of the Regnitz river, accessible by two bridges
- Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice"), a colony of fishermen's houses from the 19th century along one bank of the river Regnitz
- Michaelsberg Abbey, built in the 12th century on one of Bamberg's "Seven Hills." The former Benedictine abbey, which once housed a brewery, is now home to the Franconian Brewery Museum.[24]
- Altenburg, castle, former residence of the bishops
- Cathedral
Bamberg Cathedral is a late Romanesque building with four towers. It was founded in 1004 by Emperor Henry II, finished in 1012[9] and consecrated on 6 May 1012. It was later partially destroyed by fire in 1081. The new cathedral, built by Saint Otto of Bamberg, was consecrated in 1111[25] and in the 13th century received its present late-Romanesque form.[citation needed]
The cathedral is 94 m (308 ft) long, 28 m (92 ft) wide, 26 m (85 ft) high, and the four towers are each about 81 m (266 ft) high. It contains many historic works of art, such as the marble tomb of the founder and his wife, considered one of the greatest works of the sculptor Tilman Riemenschneider, and carved between 1499 and 1513.[citation needed] Another treasure of the cathedral is an equestrian statue known as the Bamberg Horseman (Der Bamberger Reiter).[9] This statue, possibly depicting the emperor Conrad III, most likely dates to the second quarter of the 13th century. The statue also serves as a symbol of the town of Bamberg.[citation needed]
- Neue Residenz
The Neue Residenz (New Residence) (1698–1704) was initially occupied by the prince-bishops, and from 1864 to 1867 by the deposed King Otto of Greece. Its Rosengarten (Rose Garden) overlooks the town. It has over 4500 roses.[26]
- Altenburg
The Altenburg is located on the highest of Bamberg's seven hills. It was mentioned for the first time in 1109.[27] Between 1251 and 1553 it was the residence of Bamberg's bishops. Destroyed in 1553 by Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, it was used after scant repairs only as a prison, and increasingly fell into decay.
In 1801, A. F. Marcus bought the castle and completely repaired it. His friend, the famous German writer
- Other sights
Other churches are the Jakobskirche, an 11th-century Romanesque
Of the bridges connecting the sections of the lower town the Obere Brücke was completed in 1455. Halfway across this, on an island, is the Rathaus or town hall (rebuilt 1744–1756). The lyceum, formerly a
There are also tunnels beneath the town. These were originally constructed as mines which supplied sandstone which could be used for construction or as an abrasive cleaner. Mining came to an end in 1920 but a 7.5 mi (12.1 km) tunnel network remained. The tunnels were used as an air raid shelter during World War II. A part of the network can be visited on a guided tour.[29]
Beer
Bamberg is known for its smoked
Education
The University of Bamberg, named Otto-Friedrich University, offers higher education in the areas of social science, business studies and the humanities, and is attended by more than 12,000 students.[33] The University of Applied Sciences Bamberg offers higher education in the areas of public health. Bamberg is also home to eight secondary schools (gymnasiums):
- Clavius-Gymnasium
- Dientzenhofer-Gymnasium
- Eichendorff-Gymnasium
- E.T.A. Hoffmann-Gymnasium
- Franz-Ludwig-Gymnasium
- Kaiser-Heinrich-Gymnasium
- Maria-Ward-Gymnasium
- Theresianum
There are also numerous other institutes for primary, secondary, technical, vocational and adult education.
Infrastructure
Transport
Railway
The
East-west connections are poorer. Bamberg is connected to other towns in eastern Upper Franconia such as
Motorways
Bamberg is not near any of the major (i.e. single-digit)
Air transport
Bamberg is served by Bamberg-Breitenau Airfield. Mostly public aircraft operate there. It used to be a military airport. (IATA-Code: ZCD, ICAO-Code: EDQA) It is also possible to charter public flights to and from this airport.[citation needed]
Most international tourists who travel by plane arrive at
Water transport
Both the
Local public transport
Local public transport within Bamberg relies exclusively on buses. More than 20 routes connect the outlying quarters and some villages in the vicinity to the central bus station. In addition, there are several "Night Lines" (the last of these, though, tend to run around midnight) and some
A short-lived tram system existed in the 1920s.
Military bases
Bamberg was an important base for the Bavarian, German, and then American military stationed at
Governance
Bamberg is an urban district, or kreisfreie Stadt. Its town council (Stadtrat) and its mayor (Oberbürgermeister) are elected every six years, though not in the same year. Thus, the last municipal election for the town council was in 2014, for the mayor in 2012. As an exception to the six-year term, the term starting in 2012 will take eight years to synchronize the elections with those in the rest of Bavaria.[citation needed]
As of the elections of 16 March 2014, the 44 member strong town council comprises 12
The previous council, elected on 2 March 2008, was composed of 15
Mayors since 1945
Years | Mayor | Party |
---|---|---|
1945–1958 | Luitpold Weegmann | CSU
|
1958–1982 | Theodor Mathieu | CSU
|
1982–1994 | Paul Röhner | CSU
|
1994–2006 | Herbert Lauer | Independent |
2006–present | Andreas Starke | SPD |
Twin towns – sister cities
Notable people
A-K
- Annette von Aretin (1920–2006), first television announcer of the Bayerischer Rundfunk
- Carl Adam Bader (1789 in Bamberg; † 1870 in Berlin), tenor
- Lisa Badum
- Dorothee Bär (born 1978), Member of Parliament (CSU), State Secretary of the Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
- Wilhelm Batz (1916–1988), Luftwaffe, ace
- Louis-Alexandre Berthier (1753–1815), Chief of Staff to Napoleon Bonaparte
- Theodor Boveri (1862–1915), biologist and cytogeneticist
- Joachim Camerarius (1500–1574), humanist, polymath and poet
- Claudia Ciesla (born 1987), Polish-German actress
- Pope Clement II (died 1047), bishop of Bamberg from 1040 to 1046
- Christopher Clavius (1538–1612), mathematician, astronomer and Jesuit
- Conrad III of Germany (1093–1152), king of Germany
- Cunigunde of Luxembourg (c. 975–1040), empress consort, regent of the Holy Roman Empire and wife of Henry II
- Stefan Dassler (born 1962), non-fiction author
- Günther Denzler (born 1948), former district administrator of Bamberg (CSU)
- Karlheinz Deschner (1924–2014), writer and critic of religion and the church
- Gottfried Diener (1907–1987), philologist and Goethe researcher
- Ignaz Dollinger(1770–1841), physician
- Ignaz von Dollinger(1799–1890), important Catholic theologian and church historian
- Curt Echtermeyer, also known as Curt Bruckner (1896–1971), painter
- Erich Ebermayer (1900–1970), writer
- Hans Ehard (1887–1980), lawyer and politician
- Günter Faltin (born 1944), university teacher
- Heinrich Finck (1444–1527), conductor and composer
- Klaus-Dieter Fritsche (born 1953), jurist and politician (CSU),
- Karl von Gareis (1844–1923), a lawyer and author, member of the Reichstag
- Nora-Eugenie Gomringer (born 1980), poet and writer
- Thomas Gottschalk (born 1950), moderator, TV presenter, actor
- Lukas Görtler (born 1994), football player
- Hans Grassmann (born 1960), physicist and author
- Joseph Heller (1798–1849), collector, today Helleriana in Bamberg State Library
- Karl Höller (1907–1987), composer
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), German philosopher
- Henry II (973–1024), Holy Roman Emperor
- E. T. A. Hoffmann (1776–1822), German author and composer
- Joachim Jung (born 1951), artist
- Harry Koch (born 1969), football player
- Lorenz Krapp (1882–1947), lawyer, poet and politician (BVP, CSU)
- Dieter Kunzelmann (born 1939), communard and left-wing activist
- Paul Lautensack (1478–1558), painter and organist
L-Z
- Paul Maar (born 1937), German writer and illustrator
- Emil Marschalk von Ostheim (1841–1903), historian and collector
- Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (1808–1888), promoter of Bavarian folk music in the 19th century
- Willy Messerschmitt (1898–1978), German aircraft designer, Flugzeugbau Messerschmitt GmbH
- Wolf-Dieter Montag (1924–2018), German physician, sports medicine specialist, mountain rescue doctor, and international sports administrator
- Christina Morhaubt, convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death by burning in 1627 during the Bamberg witch trials
- Martin Münz (1785–1848), anatomist and professor
- Ida Noddack-Tacke, (1896–1978), chemist and physicist; she discovered element 75, rhenium
- Christopher Park (born 1987), pianist
- Bernd Redmann (born 1965), composer and musicologist
- Mike Rose (1932–2006), painter, set designer and writer
- Gerd Schaller (born 1965), conductor
- Rainer Schaller (born 1969), entrepreneur and founder of McFit Fitness GmbH
- 20 July Plot
- Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 1934), former General of the Bundeswehr
- Franz-Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 1938), former Bavarian European parliament member
- Honorary Citizenof the city of Bamberg.
- Gottfried von Schmitt (1827–1908), German noble, member of Supreme court and member of Upper Council of Bavaria.
- Privy councillor.
- Gottfried Schmitt (1865–1919), German politician
- Brose BasketsBamberg
- Tom Schütz (born 1988), football player
- Sven Schultze (born 1978), basketball player
- Karsten Tadda (born 1988), basketball player
- Karl Borromäus Thumann (1820–1874), German theologian
- Oscar Wassermann (1869–1934), German banker
- Andrew Wooten (born 1989), German-American soccer player
- Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel (1779–1819), writer and illustrator Fränkischer Merkur
Gallery
-
Old town hall
-
Old town hall with both bridges
-
Close-up of "Little Venice"
-
"Little Venice"
-
St Martin and Green Market
-
Neue Residenz (the "New Residence" of the prince-bishops)
-
The Rose Garden at the Neue Residenz
-
Rose Garden detail
-
Church of St Jacob
-
Bamberg rooftops from the Rose Garden
-
Music pavilion in park Hain, Bamberg
See also
- Bamberg (potato)(named after the town)
- Bamberg Symphony Orchestra
- Rintfleisch-Pogrom
- Franconia
References
- ^ Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten, accessed 19 July 2021.
- ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011) (Hilfe dazu).
- ^ "Bamberg". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Bamberg". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Bamberg". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Bamberg: Einwohnerzahl in Kürze stark gestiegen - ein Grund bereitet Oberbürgermeister "Sorge"". inFranken.de (in German). 1 October 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ https://phototravellers.de/deutschland-schoenste-fachwerkstaedte/
- ^ a b "Town of Bamberg". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bamberg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 301–302. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- )
- ^ "Im Bund mit dem Teufel". October 2012.
Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts wurden in Bamberg binnen 20 Jahren tausend Menschen verbrannt, weil sie angeblich einen Bund mit dem Teufel geschlossen hatten.
- ^ "The Witch Persecution at Bamberg". Hanover College. Archived from the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
- ^ "The University of Bamberg and its Surroundings - Studies". Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ^ "Bamberg | Breweries, Cathedral, Old Town | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Town of Bamberg". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ "Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria ("Bamberger Verfassung"), 1919".
- ISBN 0-385-03724-4.
- ^ Hugo, Wolfgang (24 January 2022). "Bamberg: Das fränkische Rom auf sieben Hügeln". Die Tagespost (in German).
- ^ "Bamberg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Bamberg Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Climatologie de l'année à Bamberg" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "VGR der Länder, Kreisergebnisse für Deutschland – Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung in den kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000 bis 2013 (German)". Statistische Ämter der Länder und des Bundes. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "The Visitor Centre". welterbe.bamberg.de. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Franconian Brewery Museum". Bamberger Land. 19 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014.
- ^ "Maximilian Albert Hauschild (1810-95) - Interior of the Cathedral at Bamberg".
- ^ "The World's 10 Most Beautiful Gardens Revealed". onlineread.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ [1] Archived 11 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Restaurant Altenburg".
- ^ "Bamberg: Underground tour holds deeper understanding of city's history – Travel – Stripes". 23 January 2015. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "Bamberg and the World of Beer". Bamberger Land. 19 January 2022. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014.
- ^ Sandkerwa Bamberg Archived 23 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine (German)
- ^ "Bock Beer Tapping Around Bamberg". inFranken. 19 January 2022. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Die Universität Bamberg in Zahlen - Über die Uni Bamberg". www.uni-bamberg.de. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ "Main-Danube Canal".
- ^ "An era comes to an end - USAG Bamberg's military history".
- ^ "Partnerstädte". stadt.bamberg.de (in German). Bamberg. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- "Bamberg" at the Jewish Encyclopedia