Captain America: The Winter Soldier

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Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Screenplay byChristopher Markus
Stephen McFeely
Based on
Produced byKevin Feige
Starring
CinematographyTrent Opaloch
Edited by
Music byHenry Jackman
Production
company
Distributed byWalt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
  • March 13, 2014 (2014-03-13) (El Capitan Theatre)
  • April 4, 2014 (2014-04-04) (United States)
Running time
136 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$170–177 million[2][3]
Box office$714.4 million[2]

Captain America: The Winter Soldier is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from a screenplay by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely. It stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America alongside Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Cobie Smulders, Frank Grillo, Emily VanCamp, Hayley Atwell, Toby Jones, Jenny Agutter, Robert Redford, and Samuel L. Jackson. In the film, Captain America joins forces with Black Widow (Johansson) and Falcon (Mackie) to uncover a conspiracy within the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier (Stan).

Markus and McFeely began writing the sequel around the release of The First Avenger in July 2011. The script draws from the Winter Soldier story arc in the comic books written by Ed Brubaker as well as conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as Three Days of the Condor (1975). The film explores S.H.I.E.L.D., similarly to how the first film explored the U.S. military, after Rogers was shown working for the agency in the MCU crossover film The Avengers (2012). The Russo brothers signed to direct in June 2012 and casting began the following month. Filming began in April 2013 in Los Angeles, California, before moving to Washington, D.C., and Cleveland, Ohio. The directors used practical effects and intense stunt work, but also 2,500 visual effects shots created by six companies.

Captain America: The Winter Soldier premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on March 13, 2014, and was released in the United States on April 4, as part of Phase Two of the MCU. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for the performances, direction, action sequences, visual effects, story, stunts, tone, and themes.[4][5][6] The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. It grossed $714 million worldwide, making it the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2014. A sequel titled Captain America: Civil War, also directed by the Russos, was released in 2016.

Plot

Two years after the

Georges Batroc
, Rogers discovers Romanoff has another assignment: to extract data from the ship's computers.

Returning to the

Maria Hill, Fury is ambushed by assailants led by an assassin called the Winter Soldier. Escaping to Rogers' apartment, Fury warns him that S.H.I.E.L.D. is compromised, but is shot by the Winter Soldier, before handing Rogers a flash drive
containing the ship's data. Fury is pronounced dead during surgery, and Hill recovers the body.

The next day, Pierce summons Rogers to the Triskelion. When Rogers withholds Fury's information, Pierce brands him a fugitive. Hunted by S.T.R.I.K.E., Rogers meets with Romanoff. Using the data, they discover a secret S.H.I.E.L.D. bunker in New Jersey, where they activate a

used by Wilson while he was in the Air Force.

They capture S.H.I.E.L.D. agent

data-mining algorithm that can identify individuals becoming future threats to Hydra. The Insight Helicarriers will sweep the globe, using satellite-guided guns to eliminate them. Sitwell is killed in an ambush by the Winter Soldier, whom Rogers recognizes as Bucky Barnes
, his longtime best friend previously thought dead; he had survived due to Zola's experimentation and has been repeatedly brainwashed and cryogenically frozen to perform Hydra's missions. Hill manages to extract the trio to a safehouse where Fury, who had faked his death, plans to sabotage the Helicarriers by replacing their controller chips.

After the

World Security Council
members arrive for the Helicarriers' launch, Rogers broadcasts Hydra's plot to everyone at the Triskelion. Romanoff, disguised as one of the Council members, disarms Pierce. Fury arrives and forces Pierce to unlock S.H.I.E.L.D.'s database so that Romanoff can leak classified information, exposing Hydra to the public. Following a struggle, Fury fatally shoots Pierce. Rogers and Wilson raid two Helicarriers and replace the controller chips, but Barnes destroys Wilson's suit and fights Rogers on the third. Rogers fends him off and replaces the final chip, allowing Hill to take control and have the vessels destroy each other.

Rogers refuses to fight Barnes in an attempt to reach his friend, but as the ship collides with the Triskelion, Rogers falls into the Potomac River. Barnes rescues the unconscious Rogers before disappearing into the woods. With S.H.I.E.L.D. in disarray, Romanoff appears before a Senate subcommittee to defend her and Rogers' actions, while Fury, under the cover of his apparent death, heads to Eastern Europe in pursuit of Hydra's remaining cells. Rogers and Wilson decide to find Barnes, while Rumlow, who was a Hydra agent, is hospitalized following the Triskelion's destruction.

In a

telekinetic powers.[d] In a post-credits scene, Barnes visits his own memorial at the Smithsonian Institution
.

Cast

The cast and crew of Captain America: The Winter Soldier at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con (L-R: producer Kevin Feige, VanCamp, Mackie, Smulders, Jackson, Johansson, directors Anthony and Joe Russo, Evans, Grillo, Stan)
  • Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America:
    An Avenger and a World War II veteran who was enhanced to the peak of human physicality by an experimental serum, frozen in suspended animation, and is now struggling to adjust to the 21st century.[10] Describing his character's adjustment to the modern world, Evans said, "It's not so much about his shock with [technology]... It's more about the societal differences. He's gone from the '40s to today; he comes from a world where people were a little more trusting, the threats not as deep. Now, it's harder to tell who's right and wrong. Actions you take to protect people from threats could compromise liberties and privacy. That's tough for Steve to swallow."[11] Evans trained in "parkour, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, karate, and boxing", as the Russo brothers believed that Rogers being brought to the present "also meant that he had studied and mastered modern fighting styles and techniques". The filmmakers also looked to make the character's shield, which has traditionally been used for defense, a more offensive weapon.[12]
  • S.H.I.E.L.D. who teams up with Rogers.[13] Screenwriter Christopher Markus said that Black Widow was a "great contrast" to Captain America, describing her as "incredibly modern, not very reverent, and just very straightforward whereas Steve is, you know a man from the '40s. He's not a boy scout, but he is reserved and has a moral center, whereas her moral center moves."[14] The Russos added, "She's a character who lies for a living. That's what she does. He's a character who tells the truth. Give them a problem and they'll have different ways of approaching it. She's pushing him to modernize, and he's pushing her to add a certain level of integrity to her life."[15] When asked about Romanoff's relationship with Rogers, Johansson responded, "By a series of unfortunate encounters, they will be in a situation in which their friendship becomes more intimate. They share many similarities because they live on the defensive without relying on anyone. Also, the two have been working for the government throughout their professional careers. With their friendship they begin to question what they want and what is their true identity."[16]
  • Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier:
    Steve Rogers' childhood best friend who has re-emerged as an enhanced brainwashed assassin after supposedly being killed in action during World War II.[12][17] Regarding the character, Feige said, "Winter Soldier has been methodically, almost robotically, following orders for 70 years."[18] Stan said despite his nine-picture deal with Marvel Studios including his appearance in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), he was not sure that Bucky would make an imminent return,[19] and only heard the sequel's official title was "The Winter Soldier" through a friend attending San Diego Comic-Con.[20] Stan endured five months of physical training to prepare for the role and did historical research, stating, "I dove into the whole Cold War thing. I looked at the KGB. I looked at all kinds of spy movies, and all kinds of documentaries about that time, and what it was about. I grabbed anything from that time period. Anything about brainwashing."[21] Stan also practiced daily with a plastic knife in order to be able to do the Winter Soldier's knife tricks without the aid of a stuntman.[22] Regarding Bucky's transition into the Winter Soldier, Stan said, "You know, the truth of the situation is although he looks very different and there's different things about him, it still comes from the same person. I think you'll get to see that no matter what. I think part of my goal here was to make sure that you see an extension of that version but just a different color of that same version in a way. I think he's still the same guy; he's cut from the same cloth."[23] Stan said he felt the character's introduction in The Winter Soldier was "a preview of the guy", with more aspects of the character being explored in the film's sequel Captain America: Civil War (2016).[24]
  • PTSD—they connect on that level. I think they're both wounded warriors who don't bleed on other people. Cap has no one to bleed on. I think Mackie knows how to handle people like that. ... Sometimes when things are bad, trusting a stranger is the way to go."[29]
  • tae kwon do. I also did a lot of training just with weapons because I'm not very comfortable around guns. I had to get comfortable because that's my character's thing... I like to get really physical so I feel empowered when I am on set and even though you don't see it on screen, maybe I am taking people out that you don't see off camera."[31]
  • S.T.R.I.K.E. team.[32] Grillo hinted in a June 2014 interview about the character's return in the sequel with the alter-ego Crossbones.[33] Grillo signed a seven-film deal.[34]
  • Emily VanCamp as Sharon Carter / Agent 13:
    A S.H.I.E.L.D. agent assigned to guard Rogers without his knowledge.[12][35] About the character, VanCamp said, "I play Agent 13 / Sharon Carter which everyone knows but we don't really touch on that in this film. We're just sort of introducing her. When we first see her we realize she's living next to Captain America... they sort of have a little thing going on and as we all know in the comic books they had a love affair off and on for years. They had a very complicated relationship. It's almost as if they are planting the seeds now. Sort of leaving room to go wherever they want to go with it."[36] Regarding her casting, Joe Russo said, "We wanted someone that Cap would have an immediate interest in. It had to be a strong-willed person, and we felt that Emily's work on Revenge was a great test tube for what this character could be. She's obviously very credible with physicality, she holds the screen really well, and she even looks like the character from the books."[37]
  • Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter:
    A retired military agent with the Strategic Scientific Reserve and co-founder of S.H.I.E.L.D. who is a former love interest of Steve Rogers.[38] On receiving the script, Atwell realized the character "would be 96, and I would be up to the eyeballs in prosthetics."[39] The visual effects team was not satisfied with the initial make-up used to make Atwell look older, and eventually resorted to aging her through CGI methods.[40]
  • Hydra scientist from World War II.[41]
  • Alexander Pierce:
    A senior official within S.H.I.E.L.D.,[38] member of the World Security Council, and old comrade of Nick Fury.[43] Redford was cast in part as an homage to his roles in 1970s thrillers such as Three Days of the Condor,[44] and for what the directors described as "an acting legend playing a villainous role" akin to Henry Fonda in Once Upon a Time in the West.[45] As to what attracted him to the film, Redford said it interested him by being different from his usual work,[46] and that he "wanted to experience this new form of filmmaking that's taken over where you have kind of cartoon characters brought to life through high technology".[47]
  • Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury:
    The director of S.H.I.E.L.D.[48] Regarding Fury's questionable code of ethics, Jackson said, "Almost everything that comes out of Nick Fury's mouth is a lie in some sense. He has to ask, is he even lying to himself, too? He has a very good idea of what's going on but his paranoia keeps him from believing some of it."[11] Jackson added, "You see Nick Fury the office guy, him going about the day-to-day work of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the politics as opposed to that other stuff. It's great to have him dealing with Captain America in terms of being able to speak to him soldier to soldier and try to explain to him how the world has changed in another way while he was frozen in time. Some of the people who used to be our enemies are now our allies—him trying to figure out, 'Well, how do we trust those guys?' or 'How do we trust the guys that you didn't trust who don't trust you?' And explaining to him that the black and white of good guys/bad guys has now turned into this gray area."[43] McFeely said, "Fury represents an obstacle for Steve in some ways. They don't always agree on how S.H.I.E.L.D. ought to be used."[15] The writers gave Fury a more prominent role in The Winter Soldier, since within a plot featuring S.H.I.E.L.D. being dismantled, Fury would "take the brunt of it". They also intended on depicting a character that had so far been depicted as a self-assured, commanding man as vulnerable, to enhance the sense of danger in the Hydra conspiracy.[45]

Additionally,

Pietro Maximoff, and Wanda Maximoff, respectively, in the mid-credits scene.[60][9][61]

Production

Development

We hired our directors on Cap because they loved our explanation that we really want to make a '70s political thriller masquerading as a big superhero movie. Just like with the first film—we got Joe Johnston because we said, "We want to do a '40s World War II movie masquerading as a big superhero movie." I love that we're doing a sequel to a film that's a completely different genre than the first film. I think that's fun. And the comics do it all the time.

—Kevin Feige, producer of Captain America: The Winter Soldier[62]

In April 2011, before

Straight Outta Compton.[67]

Writing

McFeely said the writing began in the middle of 2011, around the release of The First Avenger, with him and Markus "noodling on in hopes that there would be a second one and we did a lot of just throwing stuff at the wall and seeing what stuck".

verisimilitude.[45] This still proved a challenge in the reveal of Arnim Zola, that had to be extensively rewritten to convey how "this grounded espionage paranoid thriller suddenly screeches to a halt and you switch gears really quickly with this ghost in the machine" that introduces more science fiction elements.[72]

Markus and McFeely wanted to adapt Ed Brubaker's Winter Soldier storyline from the comics, which they described as "the tone of Cap's modern franchise",[73] but it took the duo six months to convince themselves they could do it.[20] In the meantime, while thinking how to progress from the war film tone of The First Avenger, the writers settled on the conspiracy genre for the screenplay, and cited Three Days of the Condor, The Parallax View, and Marathon Man as influences, feeling it better conveyed Captain America's trust issues and contrasting values in the new world he was living in,[20] with Markus saying, "If you put that 1940s man into present day geo-politics everything is going to seem like a conspiracy. It's just going to seem dirty and underhanded and shifty, and people won't be telling the truth."[73] Three Days of the Condor in particular was used as the main source of the script structure, following the idea that the protagonist is being chased by a threat they, along with the audience, only discover halfway through the film.[45]

The writers felt this approach was similar to how

Reagan Era followed by where we are today. In the comics it was a hell of a journey for Steve. And we couldn't take him through those years because in our cinematic universe he was asleep. But we wanted to force him to confront that kind of moral conundrum, something with that '70s flavor. And in our film that takes the form of S.H.I.E.L.D.[77]

Feige said that Steve Rogers would be paired with other characters from The Avengers like

Jules Winnfield, from the 1994 film Pulp Fiction, also played by Samuel L. Jackson.[82]

Pre-production

By June 2012, the Russo brothers entered negotiations to direct the sequel,

San Diego Comic-Con International, it was announced that the official title for the sequel was Captain America: The Winter Soldier, and that the Russo brothers would direct the film.[89] After signing on to direct, the Russo brothers met with Ed Brubaker to learn more about where the Winter Soldier character came from, his thinking and the themes behind the character.[90] In July 2012, Anthony Mackie entered negotiations to star as Falcon alongside Chris Evans in the sequel.[17] Sebastian Stan was also confirmed to be reprising his role as James Barnes.[17]

In September 2012, Chris Evans said filming would begin in March 2013.

Cleveland's government was helpful in providing large locations for filming, which "provided production value which we probably could not have built in a backlot." McFeely joked that while writing ambitious action scenes "I did not realize a great American metropolis would say 'Sure, shut down three miles of freeway and go to town'."[22] Portions of the film were also scheduled to be shot in California and Washington, D.C.[93][94]

By October,

Maria Hill from The Avengers.[30] Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Josh Holloway, and Kevin Durand were also considered for the role of Crossbones.[95]

In January 2013,

Abraham Erskine in the previous film, later said that Atwell would reappear in a flashback scene.[98] Also in January, Marvel Studios announced that the film would be released in 3D, and Anthony Mackie said filming would begin on April 1, 2013.[99][100] Later that month, Toby Jones, who portrayed Arnim Zola in the first film, said that he would reprise the role in the sequel.[41] By the end of the month, stages were being built for a shoot at Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios in Los Angeles.[101]

In February 2013,

Gideon Malick from The Avengers, but was unable to due to working on Nashville.[104]

Captain America's uniform was altered from the ones seen in previous films, with a Kevlar-based ballistic component that would protect Captain America but at the same time function like a military uniform.[12] Joe Russo said, "We wanted to use his Super Soldier outfit from the [Steve Rogers: Super Soldier series] as a way to represent, thematically, his place in the world of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the difference between working for S.H.I.E.L.D. and being Captain America."[105] For the Falcon costume, the filmmakers were interested in adding more of a tactical design than was represented in the comic books, by including real-world webbing, straps and gear and stripping away the more comic book elements.[12]

Filming

Film set for Captain America: The Winter Soldier on the National Mall

Willard Hotel and Dupont Circle.[109]

Filming in Cleveland began on May 17 and was scheduled to last until mid-June with locations scheduled on the

West Shoreway, the Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant in Cuyahoga Heights and the Lakeview Cemetery Dam.[110] Cleveland was chosen as a stand-in for Washington, D.C, with the city's East 6th Street doubling as 7th and D Streets in Southwest D.C.[111] Other locations in Cleveland included the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, the Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland State University, the Cleveland Arcade, Tower City Center, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Western Reserve Historical Society.[111][112][113][114][115] Interior shots were also filmed inside private homes and the Pilgrim Congregational Church in Tremont.[116] Filming in Cleveland concluded on June 27, 2013.[117]

director of photography. Opaloch said that while attempting to emulate the 1970s thrillers that served as inspiration for the writers and directors, the staging and lighting tried to bring realism through "classic framing and naturalistic lighting", and the filming was done with hand-held cameras. To achieve this, Opaloch used Arri Alexa Plus 4:3 cameras with Panavision anamorphic lenses and Codex Digital recorders.[118] Stunt work aimed for realistic action, prioritizing practical effects. The fight scenes were staged for months, with a choreography that aimed to highlight Captain America's superhuman qualities, and "move away from impressionistic action into specificity": the raid on the S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel had stealthiness as the Captain knocked out enemies to avert detection, and the freeway fight with Winter Soldier was more "last minute" to highlight the characters' struggle to survive.[22]

In contrast to the quick editing and moving cameras of modern action films, The Winter Soldier aimed to feature longer action scenes that felt more visceral and dangerous.[45] The Russos mentioned the bank robbing scene of Heat as a major influence, which they described as "the most intense eight minutes of filmmaking I've seen in a movie theater",[22] and action scenes directed by Brian De Palma, such as the vault heist in Mission: Impossible, where "very likable characters are put in impossible situations that the audience is put on the edge on how they'd escape". Examples of these types of scenes include the ambushes on Nick Fury in the street and Captain America in the elevator.[45]

Post-production

Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter before (top) and after (bottom) she was digitally altered to appear older in the film

Additional photography was filmed in December 2013 and January 2014,

Pietro Maximoff,[9] and Baron Wolfgang von Strucker.[60] The title sequences were created by design firm Sarofsky, who had worked with the Russos since Community. Sarofsky collaborated with comic book artist David W. Mack on the sequences.[121]

Anthony Mackie said the Russo brothers relied on minimal use of computer-generated imagery, stating, "The Russos, what they did that was so great was, they wanted to stay with live action, which is a dying art form. If they can build it, they built it. If we could do it, we did it. They wanted to do as little CGI as possible. That's why the movie looks so great."[122] Nevertheless, six special effects companies were involved in creating the visual effects of the film, including Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), Scanline VFX, Lola Visual Effects, Luma Pictures, Whiskytree and The Embassy, with previsualization completed by Proof.[40] The film contained 2,500 visual effects shots, with 900 worked on by ILM.[123] The film featured extensive use of digital doubles. Russell Earl, ILM visual effects supervisor, said, "The character that we did the most work on was Falcon. We knew we were going to do CG wings. We also did some shots with wires and some with stunt doubles and head replacement. And we needed a very good digital double."[123]

Lola VFX, who worked on the pre-serum Steve Rogers scenes in this film and Captain America: The First Avenger, also worked on shots featuring an elderly Peggy Carter. This involved digitally transposing the facial features of an elderly actress onto the face of actress Hayley Atwell who had performed her lines with no make-up and only a few tracking markers.[40]

The Helicarriers in the film were completely digital. Earl said, "In [The Avengers] it was more like an aircraft carrier, now it's an aircraft carrier with the addition of battle ship-sized guns. We were all over the carriers [with the virtual camera]. We were on the decks; we were flying next to them. We had a lot of close ups and different angles. And we didn't just have one; we had three. On top of that, we had to destroy them all." This CGI environment was also used in close ups. Earl said, "The challenge was to get in all of the detail to make it feel like it is a real, working ship. We created details down to the railings and all the human-scale stuff. ... For the shots in which we were destroying them, we had to have the internals as well—the hallways, the storage areas."[123] Many of the shots of Washington, D.C., were digitally created due to numerous flight restrictions in the city which necessitated that locations be recreated by computer.[123] However, aerial footage of the city was filmed and used for live action plate photography for shots involving the Triskelion, which is located on Theodore Roosevelt Island on the Potomac River.[40]

350 different versions of the film were made, to accommodate for the different formats it would be released in domestically, while also accounting for international localization and formats. The versions had to be completed in 17 days, versus a normal turnaround time of three to four weeks for contemporary films, to make its theatrical release date.[124] One of the various changes for localization was the contents of Captain America's notebook list seen at the beginning of the film. The first five items were different depending on where the film was released, while the final five items were the same across all prints.[125] Marvel held online polls allowing fans to select the items featured in each country's release.[126]

Music

In June 2013, Henry Jackman announced that he would compose the film's score.[127] About the score Jackman said, "...it's 50% production and all the tricks I've learnt from spending years in the record industry but then it's also got the kind of injection of symphonic, thematic, heroic music that all kind of merges into one musical, and hopefully coherent piece".[128] A soundtrack album was released by Hollywood Records on April 1, 2014.[129]

Marketing

In July 2013, Marvel Studios released a teaser poster depicting a damaged and discolored Captain America shield.

Smithsonian-type exhibit showing Captain America and the Howling Commandos from Captain America: The First Avenger.[134] At the end of the month, audiences were shown a glimpse of the film along with some of Marvel's other Phase Two slate of films at Disney XD's Disney Fandom event.[135]

In August 2013, Feige, Evans, Stan, and Mackie presented a clip of the film at Disney's

D23 Expo.[136] In September 2013, Marvel announced that it is again partnering with Harley-Davidson, continuing their relationship from Captain America: The First Avenger, with Captain America riding the company's Softail Breakout motorcycle in the film.[137]

Jackson, Johansson, Evans, and the Russo brothers promoting the film in Paris in March 2014

In October 2013, Marvel released the first trailer for Captain America: The Winter Soldier. The Hollywood Reporter said, "it looks like it'll live up to the 'political thriller' that's been promised for months now."[138] Los Angeles Times said, "[the] trailer runs 2½ minutes and teases plenty of action, conspiracy and clever banter between Captain America and his S.H.I.E.L.D. colleagues, with a smattering of the previously released Comic-Con International and D23 footage."[139] Los Angeles Times also noted that the day before the release of the trailer, the studio released "a teaser for a trailer."[140] The trailer received 23.5 million views in the 24 hours after its release.[141] In November 2013, Jed Whedon, the co-creator of the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., said that there were plans to reference events from the film into the show, stating, "Nick Fury is in [Captain America: The Winter Soldier], and S.H.I.E.L.D. makes an appearance, so we will definitely try to tee-up some stuff and probably play a little bit of the fallout from that film."[142]

In January 2014, Disney announced that in honor of the film, Captain America would be making appearances at Disneyland.[143] The meet and greet experience opened March 7, 2014 and is called Captain America: The Living Legend and Symbol of Courage, located at Innoventions in Tomorrowland.[144] Also in January, Marvel Comics released a prelude digital comic titled, Marvel's Captain America: The Winter Soldier Infinite Comic, written by Peter David, with art by Rock-He Kim.[145] The comic sees the return of the "Zodiac", the mysterious weapon first seen in the One-Shot Agent Carter, which has fallen into the wrong hands. Captain America, Black Widow, and Rumlow must track the weapon down and put it back in S.H.I.E.L.D. protection.[146]

The first televised advertisement for Captain America: The Winter Soldier aired during Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Disney paid over $4 million per 30-second spot.[147] The Los Angeles Times said, "The clip promoting the April 4 release had a recognizably melancholy tone as Chris Evans' patriotic hero grapples with the moral ambiguities of the modern age."[148] Also in February, Gameloft announced that a mobile video game, titled Captain America: The Winter Soldier – The Official Game, would be released in conjunction with the release of the film in late March 2014 for iOS and Android platforms.[149] A few days later General Motors announced that Chevrolet partnered with Marvel Entertainment and provided a specially designed Corvette Stingray C7 for use by the Black Widow in the film. The vehicle debuted at the 2014 Chicago Auto Show, where fans received limited-edition Captain America comic books.[150] Evans was named the grand marshal of the 2014 Daytona 500 to promote the film's release.[151] Later in the month, a 30-second television spot received "a lot of attention on social media" for a line featured in the clip. The line, which was said by Captain America, suggests that Nick Fury would die in the film. The Hollywood Reporter noted that it all seemed "a bit too obvious", noting the fact that Jackson, who plays Fury, would be reprising the role in Avengers: Age of Ultron, although pointing out that it could be in a postmortem flashback appearance.[152]

In March 2014, Marvel released the Captain America Experience

app, that allowed fans to capture a picture of themselves with Captain America, and let them share it on Instagram and Twitter using specific hashtags to unlock 10 early screenings of the film across the United States,[153] which took place on March 20.[154] On March 18, ABC aired a one-hour television special titled, Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe, which included a sneak peek of Captain America: The Winter Soldier.[155] On April 1, 2014, Evans and Stan rang the opening bell of the New York Stock Exchange in honor of the film's theatrical release.[156] Jackson appeared in advertisements for Sky Broadband.[157]

Release

Theatrical

Chris Evans at the Paris premiere of Captain America: The Winter Soldier

Captain America: The Winter Soldier was released in 32 markets on March 26, 2014

Le Grand Rex,[162] the London premiere took place on March 20 at Westfield London,[163] the Beijing premiere took place on March 24[164] and the Cleveland premiere took place on April 1.[165] Chris Evans and Scarlett Johansson auctioned off passes to one of the premieres for charity.[166] Captain America: The Winter Soldier is part of Phase Two of the MCU.[167]

Home media

Captain America: The Winter Soldier was released by

Blu-ray 3D, and DVD on September 9, 2014. The physical media releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel.[168]

The film was also collected in a 13-disc box set, titled "Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two Collection", which includes all of the Phase Two films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released on December 8, 2015.[169] Captain America: The Winter Soldier was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on April 23, 2019.[170]

Reception

Box office

Captain America: The Winter Soldier earned $259.8 million in North America and $454.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $714.4 million.[2] It became the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide.[171] Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $166.2 million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participations, and other costs; box office grosses and home media revenues placed it ninth on their list of 2014's "Most Valuable Blockbusters".[172]

Captain America: The Winter Soldier made $10.2 million in Thursday night showings, more than double the midnight gross of its predecessor.[173] It surpassed Fast Five to set an April single-day[174] ($36.9 million)[175] and April opening-weekend record ($95.0 million), while its opening weekend was a 46% increase over its predecessor.[176] The film held the number one spot at the box office for three consecutive weekends,[177][178] before being overtaken by The Other Woman in its fourth weekend.[179] It achieved the largest total gross among films released in the month of April.[180] In June 2014, it surpassed The Lego Movie to become the highest-grossing film of the year.[181] At the end of its theatrical run, the film became the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2014 behind American Sniper, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, and Guardians of the Galaxy.[182]

Captain America: The Winter Soldier topped the box office on its opening weekend with $75.2 million from 32 overseas markets.[159] The film debuted at number one in many territories, including Australia, China, and Russia[183] and set a 3-day opening-weekend record in China among Disney films,[176] with $38.81 million.[183] It topped the box office outside North America on two consecutive weekends,[176] followed by two weeks in second, behind Rio 2.[184][185]

Critical response

The

weighted average, assigned a score of 70 out of 100 based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[187] CinemaScore audiences gave Captain America: The Winter Soldier an "A" grade rating on an A+ to F scale.[188]

Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said the film "takes the bold (for Marvel) step of reducing CGI spectacle to a relative minimum in favor of reviving the pleasures of hard-driving old-school action, surprising character development and intriguing suspense."[189] Scott Foundas of Variety said it is "chockfull of the breathless cliffhangers dictated by the genre, but equally rich in the quiet, tender character moments that made the first film unique among recent Marvel fare."[190] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times considered it "another rock-solid chapter in the big-screen story of Marvel," though he compared it unfavorably to The Avengers, Iron Man and Iron Man 3.[191] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly noted the topicality of the film, and compared it to The Dark Knight (2008).[192] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe said the film "delivers all the 3D CGI mayhem audiences have come to expect from the Marvel entertainment juggernaut, but there's darkness and confusion just under its comic-book surface."[193] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal praised the film's "emotional bandwidth" and nuances, and felt it fixed all the shortcomings of The First Avenger "and then some".[194]

Conversely,

St. Louis Post Dispatch felt The Winter Soldier didn't explore the issues it raised and paled in comparison to The First Avenger.[199] Jake Coyle of the Associated Press said the film's biggest misstep was the handling of Stan's Winter Soldier, and that it was "getting difficult to tell the Marvel movies apart".[200]

Several critics have drawn comparisons between The Winter Soldier and the

evil group, CQC, and even the moral dilemma about sacrificing one's personal liberties for the feeling of security."[201] Entertainment Weekly noted that the film's opening tanker mission was "rendered as a Metal Gear Solid stealth mission".[202] Eye For Film also said the opening sequence "will no doubt be familiar to anyone who's ever played Metal Gear Solid 2".[203]

Accolades

Year Award / Film Festival Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
2014 Golden Trailer Awards Best Action Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [204]
Best Action TV Spot Captain America: The Winter Soldier Won
Best Music TV Spot Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [205]
Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Chris Evans Nominated
Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Choice Movie: Chemistry Chris Evans and Anthony Mackie Nominated
Choice Movie: Liplock Chris Evans and Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Choice Movie: Scene Stealer Anthony Mackie Nominated
Young Hollywood Awards Super Superhero Chris Evans Nominated [206]
Washington D.C. Film Critics Awards The Joe Barber Award for Best Portrayal of Washington, D.C. Captain America: The Winter Soldier Won [207]
2015 Critics' Choice Movie Awards Best Action Movie Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [208]
Best Actor in an Action Movie Chris Evans Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite Movie Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [209]
Favorite Movie Actress Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Favorite Movie Duo Chris Evans and Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Favorite Action Movie Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated
Favorite Action Movie Actor Chris Evans Won
Favorite Action Movie Actress Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Academy Awards Best Visual Effects Dan DeLeeuw, Russell Earl, Bryan Grill and Dan Sudick Nominated [210]
Art Directors Guild Awards Best Production Design for a Fantasy Film Peter Wenham Nominated
Saturn Awards Best Comic-to-Film Motion Picture Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [211]
Best Director Joe Russo and Anthony Russo Nominated
Best Writing
Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely
Nominated
Best Actor Chris Evans Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Anthony Mackie Nominated
Samuel L. Jackson Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Scarlett Johansson Nominated
Best Music Henry Jackman Nominated
Best Editing Jeffrey Ford and Matthew Schmidt Nominated
Best Production Design Peter Wenham Nominated
Best Special Effects Dan DeLeeuw, Russell Earl, Bryan Grill, and Dan Sudick Nominated
Visual Effects Society Awards Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture Johan Thorngren, Greg Kegel, Quentin Marmier, Luis Calero for "Triskelion" Nominated [212]
Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture Dan Pearson, Sheldon Serrao, Jose Burgos, Eric Jennings for "Helicarrier broadside and crash" Nominated
Empire Awards Best Thriller Captain America: The Winter Soldier Nominated [213]
MTV Movie Awards Best Fight Chris Evans vs. Sebastian Stan Nominated [214]
Best Kiss Scarlett Johansson and Chris Evans Nominated

Sequel

Captain America: Civil War was released on May 6, 2016, and again was directed by the Russo brothers.

Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross,[219] all reprising roles from previous MCU films. Tom Holland and Chadwick Boseman appear as Peter Parker / Spider-Man and T'Challa / Black Panther, respectively.[220][221]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As depicted in The Avengers (2012)[7]
  2. ^ As depicted in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)
  3. the scepter used by Loki in The Avengers.[8]

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