Donald Van Slyke
Donald Van Slyke | |
---|---|
Born | Donald Dexter Van Slyke March 29, 1883 |
Died | May 4, 1971 | (aged 88)
Education | University of Michigan (BA 1905, PhD 1907) |
Known for | Kinetics of urease |
Awards | Many, including National Medal of Science |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biochemistry |
Institutions | Rockefeller Institute, Brookhaven National Laboratory |
Doctoral advisor | Moses Gomberg |
Donald Dexter Van Slyke (March 29, 1883 – May 4, 1971), nicknamed Van, was a
Early days and education
Van Slyke was born in
Post-doctoral study
Van Slyke took up a
Urease
Work with G. E. Cullen on urease[4] led to a mechanism that yields a kinetic equation observationally indistinguishable from the Henri–Michaelis–Menten equation, but based on different assumptions. Whereas Henri,[5] and later Michaelis and Menten,[6] treated the binding of substrate to free enzyme to produce an enzyme–substrate complex as an equilibrium, Van Slyke and Cullen treated it as an irreversible reaction:
Enzyme + substrate → enzyme–substrate complex → enzyme + product
Effectively, therefore, they assumed a steady-state process.[7] Their equation for the rate at substrate concentration ,
resembles the Henri–Michaelis–Menten equation but the constant in the denominator is interpreted differently.
Clinical chemistry
In 1914, Van Slyke was appointed chief chemist of the newly founded Rockefeller Institute Hospital, where he played a key part in developing the field of clinical chemistry.[8] His work focused especially on the measurement of gas and electrolyte levels in tissues,[1] for which he is considered to be one of the founders of modern quantitative blood chemistry.[8] He is also considered by many to have first popularised the term "clinical chemistry" in his two-volume work Quantitative Clinical Chemistry, co-published with John P. Peters. The two-volume work was widely accepted in the medical world as the "Bible" of quantitative clinical chemistry.[1] During this period, he also served as managing editor of the Journal of Biological Chemistry from 1914 to 1925.
Brookhaven
In 1948, approaching retirement age, Van Slyke took up a position as deputy director of biology and medicine of the newly-formed Brookhaven National Laboratory. He held this position briefly before moving back into research at Brookhaven, which he continued until his death in 1971.[1]
Awards and honors
Honorary doctor of science degrees
- Yale University, 1925
- University of Michigan, 1935
- Northwestern University, 1940
- University of Chicago, 1941
- University of London, 1951
- Rockefeller University, 1966
Honorary doctor of medicine degrees
- University of Oslo, 1938
- University of Amsterdam, 1962
- University of Ulm, 1970
Medals and awards
- Charles Mickle Fellowship, University of Toronto, 1936
- Phillip A. Conne Medal, Chemists' Club of New York, 1936
- Willard Gibbs Award, Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society, 1939
- Order of Brilliant Jade, Republic of China, 1939
- Kober Medal, Association of American Physicians, 1942
- Order of Brilliant Star, Republic of China, 1947
- Fisher Award in Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 1953
- John Phillips Memorial Award, American College of Physicians, 1954
- First Van Slyke Award in Clinical Chemistry, American Association of Clinical Chemists, 1957
- First Scientific Achievement Award, American Medical Association, 1962[9]
- Ames Award, American Association of Clinical Chemistry, 1964
- USA, 1965[10]
- Elliott Cresson Medal, Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, 1965[11]
- Academy Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Biomedical Science, New York Academy of Medicine, 1967[12]
Academic Society Memberships
- United States National Academy of Sciences (1921)[13]
- American Philosophical Society (1938)[14]
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1940)[15]
References
- ^ PMID 11615659.
- ^ Donald D. van Slyke (1910) "Eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung der aliphatischen Aminogruppen; einige Anwenungen derselben in der Chemi der Proteine, des Harns und der Enzyme" (A method for the quantitative determination of aliphatic amino groups: some applications of it in the chemistry of proteins, urine, and enzymes), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 43 : 3170-3181.
- PMID 16586836.
- .
- ^ Henri, Victor (1903). Lois Générales de l'Action des Diastases. Paris: Hermann.
- ^ Michaelis, L.; Menten, M.L. (1913). "Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung". Biochem Z. 49: 333–369.
- ISBN 978-3-527-33074-4.
- ^ .
- ^ "American Medical Association Award Recipients". American Medical Association. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
- U.S. National Science Foundation. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
- ^ "Franklin Laureate Database - Elliott Cresson Medal Laureates". Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
- ^ "The Academy Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Biomedical Science". New York Academy of Medicine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
- ^ "Donald D. Van Slyke". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ "Donald Dexter Van Slyke". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-05-16.