New Right

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For specific entities called "New Right", see New Right (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Alt-lite.

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New Right is a term for various

Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most forms of taxation.[2]

History

New Right appeared during the 1964 presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater to designate the emergence, in response to American style liberalism (i.e., social liberalism), of a more combative, anti-egalitarian, and uninhibited right. Popularized by Richard Viguerie, the term became later used to describe a broader global movement: those proponents of the night-watchman state but who also tended to be socially conservative, such as Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Turgut Özal or Augusto Pinochet. However, as Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg point out, this leaning had only a few aspects in common with the "European New Right" that had been emerging since the 1960s, more inspired by the conservative revolutionary Moeller van den Bruck than by the classical liberal Adam Smith.[3] Anarcho-capitalism, a form of libertarianism that advocates for the replacement of all state institutions with private institutions,[4] is usually seen as part of the New Right.[5][6]

New Right by country

Australia

In

work for the dole". The H. R. Nicholls Society, a think tank which advocates full workplace deregulation, contains some Liberal MPs as members and is seen to be of the New Right.[8]

Thatcherite economic policies, but dries in this context was much rarer in British usage).[10]

Brazil

The New Right in Brazil has grown sharply in recent years within population, intelligentsia, and academia. That is mainly due to a generalized discontent with the previous[update] left-wing government and its policies.[11]

This new movement distinguishes itself from what is known in Brazil as old right, which was ideologically associated to the

cultural Marxism", modern socialism and populism.[13]

There have been two major phenomena relating to the rise of the new Brazilian right: the

Libertários, the first liberal party since the First Brazilian Republic.[15]

Some Brazilian new-right thinkers are:

Movimento Brasil Livre (Free Brazil Moviment), Roberto Campos,[16] Wilson Martins,[17][18] Olavo de Carvalho,[19] Luiz Felipe Pondé,[20] Paulo Francis,[21] José Guilherme Merquior,[19] Bruno Tolentino,[19] and Miguel Reale.[19]

As a result of this movement, in the 2018 Brazilian election,

Minister of the Economy, Paulo Guedes, graduated from the University of Chicago, famous for its economically liberal school of economics
.

Chile

The term New Right (Spanish: Nueva derecha) has come into mainstream political discourse since the election of

2010 Chilean earthquake.[22]

France

In France, the New Right (or

left–right divide and actively encourages free debate. France also has one Identitarian New Right group (which is connected with Thule Seminar in Germany); that is Terre et Peuple of Pierre Vial, who was once an integral part and founding member of Alain de Benoist's GRECE.[23]

Germany

In Germany, the Neue Rechte (literally, new right) consists of two parts: the Jungkonservative (literally, young conservatives), who search for followers in the civic part of the population; and, secondly, the "Nationalrevolutionäre" (national revolutionists), who are looking for followers in the ultra-right part of the German population and use the rhetoric of right-wing politicians such as Gregor and Otto Strasser. Another noted New Right group in Germany is Thule Seminar of Pierre Krebs.[24][23]

Greece

Golden Dawn, founded the New Right party, based on national liberalism, in May 2016.[25] His views diverged from those of former Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Mitsotakis, whose legacy expressed the most important principle of its recently elected leadership, including Adonis Georgiadis, who had been a member only since leaving far-right Popular Orthodox Rally
in 2012.

Iran

In Iran, New Right and the term Modern Right (

Right.[26]

Israel

New Right is a right-wing political party in Israel, founded in 2018 and led by Ayelet Shaked and Naftali Bennett. The party aims to be a party open to both secular and religious people. The party advocates the preservation of a strong right-wing in Israel.

Netherlands

The

Forum voor Democratie
is another New Right party in the Dutch parliament.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, as in Australia, it was the Labour Party that initially adopted New Right economic policies. Rogernomics involved monetarist approaches to controlling inflation, corporatisation of government departments, and the removal of tariffs and subsidies, while the party also pursued social liberal stances such as decriminalisation of male homosexuality, pay equity for women and adopting a nuclear-free policy. This meant temporary realignment within New Zealand politics, as New Right middle-class voters voted Labour at the 1987 New Zealand general election in approval of its economic policies. At first, Labour corporatised many former government departments and state assets, then emulated the Conservative Thatcher administration and privatised them altogether during Labour's second term of office. However, recession and privatisation together led to increasing strains within the Labour Party, which led to schism, and the exit of Jim Anderton and his NewLabour Party, which later formed part of the Alliance Party with the Greens and other opponents of New Right economics.[28]

However, dissent and schism were not to be limited to the Labour Party and Alliance Party alone. During the Labour Party's second term in office, the Opposition New Zealand National Party (popularly known as National) selected Ruth Richardson as Opposition finance spokesperson, and when National won the 1990 general election, Richardson became Minister of Finance, while Jenny Shipley became Minister of Social Welfare. Richardson introduced deunionisation legislation, known as the Employment Contracts Act, in 1991, while Shipley presided over social welfare benefit cuts, designed to reduce welfare dependency – both core New Right policy initiatives.

In the early 1990s, maverick National Party MP Winston Peters also came to oppose New Right economic policies and led his elderly voting bloc out of the National Party. As a result, his New Zealand First anti-monetarist party has been a partner in coalition governments led by both National (1996–98) and Labour (2005–08 and 2017–20). Due to the introduction of the MMP electoral system, a New Right "Association of Consumers and Taxpayers" party, known as ACT New Zealand, was formed by ex-Labour New Right–aligned Cabinet Ministers like Richard Prebble and others, and maintaining existing New Right policy initiatives such as the Employment Contracts Act, while also introducing U.S.-style welfare reform. ACT New Zealand aspired to become National's centre-right coalition partner but has been hampered by lack of party unity and populist leadership that often-lacked strategic direction.

As for Labour and National themselves, their fortunes have been mixed. Labour was out of office for most of the nineties, only regaining power when Helen Clark led it to victory and a Labour/Alliance coalition and centre-left government (1999–2002). However, the Alliance disintegrated in 2002. National was defeated in 1999 due to the absence of a suitable stable coalition partner, given New Zealand First's partial disintegration after Winston Peters abandoned the prior National-led coalition. When Bill English became leader of National in 2001, it was thought that he might lead the party away from its prior hardline New Right economic and social policies, but his indecisiveness and lack of firm policy direction led to ACT New Zealand gaining the New Right middle-class voting basis in 2002. When Don Brash became leader, New Right middle-class voters returned to National's fold, causing National's revival in fortunes at the 2005 New Zealand general election. However, at the same time, ACT New Zealand strongly criticised it for deviating from its former New Right economic policy perspectives, and at the same election, National did little to enable ACT's survival. Don Brash resigned as National party leader, being replaced by John Key, who was a more moderate National MP.

As for the centre-left, Helen Clark and her Labour-led coalition were criticised by ex-Alliance members and non-government organisations for their alleged lack of attention to centre-left social policies, while trade union membership recovered due to Labour's repeal of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 and labour market deregulation and the deunionisation that had accompanied it in the nineties. It is plausible that Clark and her Cabinet were influenced by Tony Blair and his British Labour Government, which pursued a similar balancing act between social and fiscal responsibility while in government.[29]

Poland

In Poland, a

Freedom and Lawfulness (WiP) and Real Politics Union (UPR) by Janusz Korwin-Mikke. It is backed up by various voters, some conservatives, far left people who want to legalize marijuana and citizens who endorse free market and capitalism [citation needed
].

South Korea

In South Korea, the

Grand National Party is noted for being a benefactor of the domestic New Right movement.[34]

United Kingdom

Main article: Thatcherism

In the United Kingdom, the term New Right more specifically refers to a strand of Conservatism that Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan influenced. Thatcher's style of New Right ideology, known as Thatcherism, was heavily influenced by the work of Friedrich Hayek (in particular the book The Road to Serfdom). They were ideologically committed to economic liberalism as well as being socially conservative.[35]

United States

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Main article: Conservatism in the United States
See also: Neoconservatism
Not to be confused with Alt-lite.

In the United States, New Right refers to two historically distinct

neoconservatives being opposed to the non-interventionism of the Old Right.[36]
: 625 

First New Right

The first New Right (1955–64) was centered on the right-wing libertarians, traditionalists, and anti-communists at William F. Buckley's National Review.[36]: 624  Sociologists and journalists had used new right since the 1950s; it was first used as self-identification in 1962 by the student activist group Young Americans for Freedom.[37]

The first New Right embraced what it called "fusionism" (an ostensible synthesis of classical liberal economics, traditional social values, and anti-communism)[36]: 338–41  and coalesced in the years preceding the 1964 presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater. The Goldwater campaign, which failed to unseat incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson, hastened the formation of a new political movement.

First New Right figures:

Second New Right

The second New Right (1964 to present) was formed in the wake of the Goldwater campaign and had a more

race riots and unrest from civil rights protesters, and Vietnam War protesters.[2]

Second New Right figures:

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9780415674898
  2. ^ a b c "New Right". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  3. ISBN 978-0674971530
    .
  4. S2CID 235008718. Archived
    from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022. Anarcho-capitalism is a variety of libertarianism according to which all government institutions can and should be replaced by private ones.
  5. ISBN 978-1-873176-57-3
    . The philosophy of 'anarcho-capitalism' dreamed up by the 'libertarian' New Right, has nothing to do with Anarchism as known by the Anarchist movement proper.
  6. ISBN 978-1-4443-1105-1
    . Whom to include under the rubric of the New Right remains puzzling. It is usually seen as an amalgam of traditional liberal conservatism, Austrian liberal economic theory (Ludwing von Mises and Hayek), extreme libertarianism (anarcho-capitalism), and crude populism.
  7. ^ Verity Archer, "Dole bludgers, tax payers and the New Right: Constructing discourses of welfare in 1970s Australia." Labour History 96 (2009): 177–190.
  8. ^ Marian Sawer, Australia and the new right (Sydney: G. Allen & Unwin, 1982).
  9. ^ "John Quiggin – Journal Articles 1997 – Economic rationalism". www.uq.edu.au. December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
  10. ^ Hugh Collins, "Political ideology in Australia: the distinctiveness of a Benthamite society." Daedalus (1985): 147–169. online Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Saad-Filho, Alfredo; Boito, Armando (2016). Panitch, Leo; Albo, Greg (eds.). "Brazil: The Failure of the PT and the Rise of the 'New Right". Socialist Register: 213–30. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  12. ^ "Manifesto de 7 de Outubro de 1932" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  13. ^ "Liberais, Libertários e conservadores, uni-vos" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  14. ISBN 9781583675755. Retrieved 31 August 2016. The upper middle class provides the mass base of the new right, for example, through the Free Brazil Movement (Movimento Brasil Livre), MBL, one of the groups leading the demonstrations. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help
    )
  15. ^ "Interlibertarians". interlibertarian.altervista.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  16. ^ "Biografia" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  17. ^ "A certeza da influência" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  18. ^ "Morre o crítico literário Wilson Martins" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  19. ^ a b c d "Um gênio conservador" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  20. ^ "Contra os comissionarios da ignorância" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  21. ISBN 978-8571645714
    . Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  22. ^ Marcelo Pollack, New Right in Chile (Springer, 1999). [ISBN missing]
  23. ^ a b Simon Bornschier, "Why a right-wing populist party emerged in France but not in Germany: cleavages and actors in the formation of a new cultural divide." European Political Science Review 4.1 (2012): 121–145. online Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Michael Minkenberg, "The new right in Germany: The transformation of conservatism and the extreme right." European Journal of Political Research 22.1 (1992): 55–81.
  25. ^ Vasiliki Georgiadou, and Lamprini Rori. "Economic crisis, social and political impact. The new right-wing extremism in Greece." Anuari del Conflicte Social (2013). online Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ISBN 978-1-349-67751-1
  27. ISBN 978-1846314537
    .
  28. ^ Michael Peters, and James Marshall. "Education, the new right and the crisis of the welfare state in New Zealand." Australian Journal of Education Studies 11.1 (1990): 77–90.
  29. ^ Roger Dale, "National reform, economic crisis and ‘New Right’ theory: A New Zealand perspective." Discourse 14.2 (1994): 17–29.
  30. ^ "Leader of Poland's Euro-sceptic party believes: "Women should not have right to vote."". 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  31. ^ Aleks Szczerbiak (23 May 2014). "EU election: Polish campaign dominated by Ukraine crisis". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  32. ^ Macdonald, Alastair (20 October 2014). "UKIP, 5-Star welcome Polish radical to save EU voting bloc". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  33. ^ "Polish MEP's racial slur sparks anger". The Japan Times. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  34. ISBN 978-1136991097
    .
  35. ISBN 978-0230237025
    .
  36. ^ a b c d Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy Beer, and Jeffrey O. Nelson (2006) American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. ISI Books: Wilmington, DE. [ISBN missing]
  37. Viguerie, Richard. The New Right: We're Ready to Lead. 1981, Caroline House, p. 53 [ISBN missing
    ]
  38. ISBN 0805797238
    .
  39. ^ Arin, Kubilay Yado: Think Tanks, the Brain Trusts of US Foreign Policy. Wiesbaden: VS Springer 2013.

Further reading

External links
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