LGBTQ (term)

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A six-band rainbow flag representing the LGBTQ community
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t
  • e

    • LGBTQ is an

    heteroromantic, cisgender, or endosex, respectively.[2][3][4][5]

    In the 1990s, gay, lesbian, and bisexual activists adopted the initialism LGB. Terminology eventually shifted to LGBT, as transgender people gained recognition. Around that time, some activists began to reclaim the term queer, seeing it as a more radical and inclusive umbrella term, though others reject it, due to its history as a pejorative. In recognition of this, the 2010s saw the adoption of LGBTQ, and other more inclusive variants.

    Some versions of the term add a

    plus sign (+) to represent additional identities not captured by the letters within the initialism. Many further variants exist which add additional identities, such as 2SLGBTQ (for two-spirit
    ), LGBTQQ (for queer and questioning), or, rarely, the letters ordered differently, as in GLBT and GLBTQ.

    gender, sexual and romantic minorities
    (GSRM).

    History

    Further information: Terminology of homosexuality
    First use of the words Monosexual, Homosexual, and Heterosexual in a letter written on 6 May 1868

    The first widely used term,

    homosexual, now a term used primarily in scientific contexts, has at times carried negative connotations in the United States.[6] Gay became a popular term in the 1970s.[7]

    As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase gay and lesbian became more common.

    gay rights led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including Daughters of Bilitis, which was founded by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon,[9] but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.[10] As equality was a priority for lesbian feminists, disparity of roles between men and women or butch and femme were viewed as patriarchal. Lesbian feminists eschewed gender role play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived chauvinism of gay men; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes.[11]

    Lesbians who held the essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor lesbian to define sexual attraction often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.[12] Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.[8]

    In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, after the elation of change following group action in the 1969

    stereotypes, and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to come out and be honest about their identity.[13] Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other gender and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.[14] LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.[16]

    LGBT publications, pride parades, and related events, such as this stage at Bologna Pride 2008 in Italy, increasingly drop the LGBT initialism instead of regularly adding new letters and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title[17]

    From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism LGBT in the United States.

    inclusion.[2][14]

    Beginning in the 1990s, the term queer was beginning to be adopted by the community to support gay-pride and reclaim the term from its earlier pejorative use as scholars have shown. The field of study of the LGBTQ community is called queer studies, in recognition of this reclamation and used as an umbrella term for the wider community as the academic response to the Stonewall riots. The initialism LGBT eventually evolved to LGBTQ in recognition of the community's reclamation of the term.[20][21][22][23]

    In 2016, GLAAD's Media Reference Guide states that LGBTQ is the preferred initialism, being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embrace queer as a self-descriptor.[24] Some people consider queer to be a derogatory term originating in hate speech and reject it, especially among older members of the community.[25]

    Variants

    See also: List of LGBTQ acronyms
    2010 pride parade in Plaza de Mayo, Buenos Aires, which used the LGBTIQ initialism[26]

    Many variants of the term LGBT exist, such as the more inclusive LGBT+,

    agender,[30][31][32] and LGBTQIA+, where "the '+' represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[33] Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy,[34][35][36] sometimes being referred to as "alphabet soup",[37] and mocked with labels such as LGBTQWERTY, LGBTQXYZ, and alphabet mafia.[38][39][40] The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial.[41]

    Although identical in meaning, LGBT may have a more

    Hebrew and Peninsular Spanish, LGTB (להט"ב) is used, that is, reversing the letters "B" and "T".[45][46]
    Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community, but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups.[47]

    The terms

    pangender", an "H" for "HIV-affected", or an "O" for "other".[14][55] The initialism LGBTIH has seen use in India to encompass the hijra third gender identity and the related subculture.[56][57]

    Adding the term allies to the initialism has sparked controversy,

    LGBT erasure.[31][60][61] There is also the acronym QUILTBAG (queer and questioning, unsure, intersex, lesbian, transgender and two-spirit, bisexual, asexual and aromantic, and gay and genderqueer).[62] Similarly LGBTIQA+ stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and many other terms (such as non-binary and pansexual)".[63][64]

    As of 2025[update], the Government of Canada's official term is 2SLGBTQI+, with the first two characters standing for two-spirit.[65] Trudeau's new initialism was criticized by some social media users.[66] For some indigenous people, two-spirit invokes a combination of identities, including sexual, gender, cultural, and spiritual.[67] The government formerly used LGBTQ2.[65] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was also criticized[why?] for using the 2SLGBTQQIA+ initialism.[68][69]

    Transgender inclusion

    The term

    bigender, and trans man and trans woman.[70][71] Likewise, the term transsexual commonly falls under the umbrella term transgender, but some transsexual people object to this.[14]

    Intersex inclusion

    Main article: Intersex and LGBTQ

    Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialism LGBTI,[72][73] or LGBTIQ.[74]

    The relationship of intersex to lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex,[75] but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community. Some intersex people prefer the initialism LGBTI, while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term.[73][76] Emi Koyama describes how inclusion of intersex in LGBTI can fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that many intersex people are not LGBT.[77]

    Asexual, aromantic and agender inclusion

    Main articles:
    Agender

    In the early 2010s,

    agender.[31][32]

    Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for

    LGBT erasure.[58][59]

    Criticism

    The initialisms LGBT or GLBT are not agreed to by everyone that they encompass.[41] For example, some argue that transgender and transsexual causes are not the same as that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people.[78] This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity, or a person's understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation.[14] LGB issues can be seen as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction.[14] These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals, such as same-sex marriage legislation and human rights work (which may not include transgender and intersex people), may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals.[14]

    A belief in "lesbian and gay separatism" (not to be confused with the related "

    lesbian separatism") holds that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere.[79] While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called a movement, separatists are a significant, vocal, and active element within many parts of the LGBT community.[80][79][81] In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality,[80] sometimes leading to public biphobia and transphobia.[80][79] In contrasts to separatists, Peter Tatchell of the LGBT human rights group OutRage! argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be "political madness", stating that:[82]

    Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms.

    The portrayal of an all-encompassing "LGBT community" or "LGB community" is also disliked by some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.

    LGBT stereotypes is criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people.[86]

    Writing in the

    LGBT groups as transphobic.[88][89][90][91]

    Alternatives

    Queer

    Main article: Queer

    Many have expressed desire for an

    umbrella term to replace existing initialisms.[21][80][92] Queer gained popularity as an umbrella-term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century.[93] The term remains controversial, particularly among older LGBT people, who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as a slur,[93][94] as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves from queer radicalism,[95] and those who see it as amorphous and trendy.[96] Some younger people feel queer is a more politically charged, more powerful term than LGBT.[97][98] In a 2018 U.S. study, about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as "queer".[93]

    Sexual and gender minorities

    Main article: Sexual and gender minorities

    In academic and professional contexts, sexual and gender minorities (SGM) is sometimes used as an alternative to LGBTQ to include individuals who may not self-identify as LGBTQ (such as

    Global North, are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities".[100]

    Gender, sexual and romantic minorities (GSRM) includes individuals of a minority romantic orientation such as aromanticism.[101][102]

    Further umbrella terms

    Other rare umbrella terms are

    Gender and Sexual Diversities (GSD),[103] MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).[104][105]

    SGL (

    African Americans as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as white-dominated LGBT communities.[106]

    Clinical

    In public health settings, MSM ("men who have sex with men") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, with WSW ("women who have sex with women") also used as an analogous term.[107][108]

    MVPFAFF

    MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for

    Fa'afafine, Akava'ine, Fakaleitī (Leiti), and Fakafifine. This term was developed by Phylesha Brown-Acton in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.[109] This refers to those in the rainbow Pacific Islander community, who may or may not identify with the LGBTQ initialism.[110]

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Other common variants include LGBT, LGBT+, and LGBTQ+.

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