List of mammals of Mexico

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in

became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene about 10,000 years ago, shortly after the arrival of the first humans. Increasing alteration and destruction of natural habitats by expanding human populations during the last several centuries is causing further attrition of the region's biodiversity, as exemplified by the "hotspot
" designations (by definition, such areas have lost over 70% of their primary vegetation).

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

EX EX
Extinct
 No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its historic range.
CR CR
Critically endangered
 The species is in imminent danger of extinction in the wild.
EN EN
Endangered
 The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT NT
Near threatened
 The species does not qualify as being at high risk of extinction but is likely to do so in the future.
LC LC
Least concern
 The species is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild.
DD DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction for this species.
NE NE Not evaluated The conservation status of the species has not been studied.

Of the listed taxa, 7 are extinct, 1 (not recognized by the IUCN) is possibly extinct, 30 are critically endangered, 46 are endangered, 26 are vulnerable, and 23 are near threatened.

Cozumel Island raccoon and the vaquita. The vaquita population estimate has dropped below 100 as of 2014 and it is regarded as being in imminent danger of extinction.[2][3]

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Derby's woolly opossum
Common opossum
Gray four-eyed opossum
Grayish mouse opossum

Order:
Didelphimorphia
(common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the

prehensile
tail.

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

West Indian manatees

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. They evolved about 50 million years ago, and their closest living relatives are

mastodons and gomphotheres all formerly lived in Mexico.[4][5]

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

Nine-banded armadillo

Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of twenty-one extant species are present in Mexico; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the

glyptodonts
, once lived in North and South America but went extinct following the appearance of humans.

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)

Silky anteater
Northern tamandua

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.

Order:
Primates

Mantled howler
Geoffroy's spider monkey

The order Primates includes the

23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. Mexican and Central American monkeys are recent immigrants from South America, where their ancestors arrived after rafting over from Africa roughly 25 million years ago.[6] Southeastern Mexico is the northernmost limit of the distribution of New World monkeys, which are restricted to tropical rainforest
habitat.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

North American porcupine
Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine
Central American agouti
Lowland paca
North American beaver
Southern flying squirrel
Abert's squirrel
Western gray squirrel
Fox squirrel
Variegated squirrel
Yucatan squirrel
Harris's antelope squirrel
White-tailed antelope squirrel
Black-tailed prairie dog
California ground squirrel
Round-tailed ground squirrel
Rock squirrel
Cliff chipmunk
Texas pocket gopher
Botta's pocket gopher
Ord's kangaroo rat
Bailey's pocket mouse
Spiny pocket mouse
Silky pocket mouse
California vole
Meadow vole
Muskrat
White-throated woodrat
Cactus mouse
White-footed mice
Deer mouse
Pinyon mouse
Marsh rice rat
Yellow-nosed cotton rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two

sciurids, 25.5% are castorimorphs and 58% are cricetids. This distribution is fairly similar to that of the remainder of North America (although sciurids are relatively twice as abundant to the north, at the expense of cricetids), but is very different from that of South America, where the corresponding figures are 36%, 3%, 1% and 60%. Of Mexico's cricetids, 17% are sigmodontine, while the figure for South America is 99.5%.[n 3] Mexico's caviomorphs are recent immigrants from South America, where their ancestors washed ashore after rafting across the Atlantic from Africa about 40–45 million years ago.[6][7]
Conversely, South America's sciurids, castorimorphs and cricetids are recent immigrants from Central America (with sigmodontines getting a head start on the others).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

Volcano rabbit
Brush rabbit
Black-tailed jackrabbit

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. The endangered volcano rabbit of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is the world's second smallest rabbit. In North America, pikas are not found south of southern California and northern New Mexico.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

Crawford's gray shrew
Eastern mole

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. In the Americas, moles are not present south of the northernmost tier of Mexican states, where they are rare.

Order:
Chiroptera
(bats)

Southwestern myotis
Fringed myotis
Pallid bat
Townsend's big-eared bat
Big brown bat
Eastern red bat
Hoary bat
Evening bat
Western pipistrelle
Greater or lesser sac-winged bat
Greater sac-winged bat
Ghost-faced bat
Parnell's mustached bat
California leaf-nosed bat
Pale spear-nosed bat
Mexican long-tongued bat
Greater long-nosed bat
Lesser long-nosed bat
Jamaican fruit bat
Pygmy fruit-eating bat
Wrinkle-faced bats
Salvin's big-eyed bat
Tent-making bats
Common vampire bat
White-winged vampire bat
Hairy-legged vampire bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Margay
Jaguarundi
Jaguar
Mexican wolf
American black bear
Tayra
Greater grison
Cozumel raccoon
White-nosed coati
Guadalupe fur seal
Northern elephant seal
Caribbean monk seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Mexico has more native

dire wolves and short-faced bears
.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Baird's tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and

notoungulate Mixotoxodon. Sequencing of collagen from a fossil of one recently extinct notoungulate has indicated that this order was closer to the perissodactyls than any extant mammal order.[10]

Order:
Artiodactyla
(even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)

Collared peccary
Mule deer
Pronghorn
Plains bison
Desert bighorn sheep

The even-toed ungulates are

Capromeryx minor
).

Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)

Humpback whale
Gray whale
Sperm whales
Vaquitas
Atlantic spotted dolphin
Short-beaked common dolphins
Pacific white-sided dolphins
Northern right whale dolphins
Risso's dolphin
Melon-headed whale
Orcas
Short-finned pilot whales

The order Cetacea includes

adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls. Lagoons on the coast of Baja California Sur provide calving grounds for the eastern Pacific population of gray whales. The vaquita of the northern Gulf of California is the world's smallest and most endangered
cetacean.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As of 2014-05-10, the IUCN lists 491 noncetacean species for Mexico (area 1,972,550 km2) and 398 for the U.S. plus Canada (area 19,811,345 km2).
  2. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  3. ^ This is based on the definition of Sigmodontinae that excludes Neotominae and Tylomyinae.

References

  1. S2CID 4337597
    .
  2. ^ Johnson, Chris (2014-08-03). "Report: Vaquita population declines to less than 100". Vaquita: Last Chance for the Desert Porpoise. earthOcean. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-11.
  3. ^ Report of the Fifth Meeting of the Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita (PDF). Ensenada, Baja California: Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita (CIRVA). 2014-08-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
  4. ISBN 978-88-8080-025-5
    .
  5. ISBN 978-88-8080-025-5
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 16551580
    . Retrieved 2011-10-25.
  7. ^ Mangels, J. (2011-10-15). "Case Western Reserve University expert uses fossil teeth to recast history of rodent". Cleveland Live, Inc. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
  8. ^ Trillmich, F. & IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "Arctocephalus galapagoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
  9. ISSN 2236-1057
    .
  10. S2CID 4467386
    .
  11. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. 2016. Boselaphus tragocamelus (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T2893A115064758. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T2893A50182076.en. Accessed on 18 April 2023.
  12. hdl:10161/588
    .
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