List of predecessors of sovereign states in Africa
This is a list of all present Mauritius Island and several minor islands, and their respective sovereign states.
Africa was originally colonised by Europeans with Southern Africa primarily by the British, and the West Africa and North Africa primarily by the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Today, Africa consists of 54 sovereign states of various government types, the most common consisting of parliamentary systems.
| Sovereign state | Predecessors |
|---|---|
| Algeria | Part of the Carthaginian Empire (814–202 BC) Massylii (4th century) Kingdom of Numidia (202–40 BC)Center of the Kingdom of Mauretania (capital city in Cherchell, located in modern day Algeria)(25 BC-42 AD) Mauretania Caesariensis (40 BC-395 AD) (province of the Roman Empire) Mauretania Caesariensis (395–435) (province of the Western Roman Empire) Center of the Vandal Kingdom (435–439) Kingdom of Ouarsenis (430–735) Part of the Vandal Kingdom (439–534) Mauro-Roman Kingdom (477-578) Kingdom of the Aurès (484–703) Kingdom of Altava (578-708) Part of the Eastern Roman Empire )Part of the  Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)Part of the  Abbasid Caliphate (750–778)Emirate of Tlemcen (757–790) Rustamid Imamate (778–909) Part of the Aghlabid Emirate (800–909) Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (909–973)Center of the Zirid Emirate (973–1014) Part of the Zirid Emirate (1014–1148) French Empire, being an integral region of the metropole )
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| Angola | The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era by the San people (1992–present)
 Kongo (1390–1940) Kasanze Kingdom (1500–1648  Mbunda Kingdom (1500–1917) Kingdom of Ndongo (1515–1909) Kingdom of Oukwanyama (1600–1927) Kasanje Kingdom (1620–1912) Kingdom of Matamba(1631–1744). Kingdom of Bailundo (1700–present) Kingdom of Viye (1700–present) .svg){kind=small}  State of West Africa (1575–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1972) (part of the Portuguese Empire) State of Angola (1972–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire) People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992) Republic of Angola |
| Benin | French Empire on 4 December 1958, full independent state on 1 August 1960) (1990–present)
.svg){kind=small} People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990) Republic of Benin |
| Botswana | The territory of Botswana has been inhabited since the Khoi peoples. (1966–present)
Tribal Bantu-speaking peoples first moved into the country from the north (c.600 AD)  Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885–1966) (part of the British Empire) Republic of Botswana |
| Burkina Faso | Bura culture (3rd–13th century)
Burkina Faso was divided in several (1984–present) |
| Burundi | United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium) (1966–present)
.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Burundi (independent state) (1962–1966) Republic of Burundi |
| Cameroon | The territory of Cameroon has been inhabited since the United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom) (1984–present)
.svg){kind=small} Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972) United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984) Republic of Cameroon |
| Cabo Verde | Before the discovery by the Portuguese, the archipelago was uninhabited .svg){kind=small} Portuguese Cape Verde, every island had its own captain (governor) (1462–1587) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Portuguese Cape Verde, unified colony (1587–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Overseas Province of Cape Verde (1951–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire).svg){kind=small}  Republic of Cape Verde (1975–2013) Republic of Cabo Verde (2013–present)
|
| Central African Republic | French Empire on 1 December 1958, full independent state on 13 August 1960) (resumed) (1979–present)
 Central African Empire (1976–1979) Central African Republic |
| Chad | The territory of Paleolithic Era (600 BC–700 AD)Sao civilisation
|
| Comoros | The archipelago was first inhabited circa 1000 BC. The Comoros have been inhabited by various groups throughout this time. federal state formed by three islands)
|
| Congo, Republic of | Since 80,000 BC humans has been settled from with tribes, chiefdoms, confederations and kingdoms. French Empire on 15 September 1959, full independent state on 15 August 1960) (resumed) (1992–present)
 People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992) Republic of the Congo |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | Mpemba Kasi merging with Mbata Kingdom to form the
|
| Côte d'Ivoire | Possibly since the French Empire on 4 December 1959, full independent state on 7 August 1960) (1986–present)
 Republic of Ivory Coast, full independent state (1960–1986) Republic of Côte d'Ivoire |
| Djibouti | The Djibouti area has been inhabited since the French Empire: a French Colony [1896–1946], later a French Overseas Territory [1946–1967]) (1977–present)
 French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1967–1977) (French Overseas Territory) Republic of Djibouti |
| Egypt | 1st–2nd Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Early Dynastic Period (Unified by Pharaoh Menes or probably Narmer, founder of the First Dynasty between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt). (3150–2575 BC) 3rd–7th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2575–2150 BC) Late Period of Ancient Egypt , reunified the country (664–525 BC) First Egyptian Satrapy, part of the  Achaemenid Empire as the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC)28th–30th Dynasties of Late Period of Ancient Egypt (404–343 BC) Second Egyptian Satrapy, part of the Achaemenid Empire as the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) Part of the Macedonian Empire (Argead dynasty ) (332–323 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC) Province of Egypt (30 BC-324 AD) (part of the Roman Empire )Eastern Roman Empire )Province of Egypt (619–629) (part of the  Sasanian Empire)Part of the Rashidun Caliphate (641–661) Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–868) Tulunid Emirate of Egypt, the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt since the Ptolemaic dynasty (868–905) Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (868–935) Ikhshidid State of Egypt, Syria and Hejaz, autonomous state within the Abbasid Caliphate (935–969) Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (969–973) Center of the Fatimid Caliphate, second independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (973–1171)  Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt, after the death of Saladin), third independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (1171–1174) Part of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1174–1218) Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1218–1250)  Burjī dynasties) (1250–1517)  became the hereditary governors [Wali] of the eyalet in 1805)Occupied by the  First French Empire (1798–1801)  Khedivate of Egypt, a de jure Ottoman autonomous viceroyalty (the viceroys [khedives] was from the Muhammad Ali dynasty)(Occupied by the  British Empire from 1882 to 1922)(1867–1914) Sultanate of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty), part of the British Empire (British protectorate) (1914–1922)  Kingdom of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty) (1922–1953)  Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)  United Arab Republic (In union with  Syria) (1958–1971)  Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present) |
| Equatorial Guinea | The first inhabitants of the region that is now Equatorial Guinea are believed to have been Pygmies, of whom only isolated pockets remain in northern Río Muni. Bantu peoples arrived in the region between the 17th and 19th centuries. (1968–present)
The Annobón population, originally from Angola, were brought by the Portuguese via São Tomé. .svg){kind=small} Part of the Portuguese Empire (1474–1778).svg){kind=small} Spanish Guinea (1778–1968) (part of the Spanish Empire) Republic of Equatorial Guinea |
| Eritrea | Part of Medri Bahri kingdom (1137–1889) (1993–present)
Part of the  Ottoman Empire (1555–1879)Part of the Ethiopian Empire (1879–1889) .svg){kind=small} Colony of Eritrea (1890–1936) (part of the Italian Empire) Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (part of the Italian Empire) British Occupation of Eritrea (1941–1952).svg){kind=small} Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962).svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small} Part of Ethiopia (1962–1993) State of Eritrea |
| Eswatini (Swaziland) | Kingdom of Swaziland (1740s–1906) (2018–present)
Protectorate of Swaziland (1906–1968) (Part of the British Empire) Kingdom of Swaziland (1968–2018) Kingdom of Eswatini |
| Ethiopia | federal state formed by 10 regional states and 2 chartered cities)
|
| Gabon | The earliest inhabitants of the area were , full independent state (1960–present) |
Gambia
|
Kingdom of Kombo (1271–1875) Part of the |
| Ghana | From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading. Bonoman, Kingdom of Ashanti, Denkyira, Mankessim Kingdom, Fante Confederacy and Akwamu. (1252–1844)Kingdom of Dagbon (1250–1888) Mankessim Kingdom Danish Empire) (1960–present)
 Swedish Gold Coast (1650–1663) (Part of the Swedish Empire) Ashanti Empire (1670–1821)Branderberger/Prussian Gold Coast (1682–1721) (colony of Brandenburg-Prussia, later Prussia) .svg){kind=small} British Gold Coast (1821–1957) (Part of the British Empire) Dominion of Ghana, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1957–1960).svg){kind=small}  Republic of Ghana |
| Guinea | Center of the French Empire) (1984–present) (resumed)
 Republic of Guinea (1958–1979) People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984) Republic of Guinea |
| Guinea-Bissau | Part of the  Mali Empire (1251–1537)Kaabu Kingdom (1537–1867) .svg){kind=small} Portuguese Guinea (1474–1879), dependency of Portuguese Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire) Portuguese Guinea, colony separated from Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire) Overseas Province of Guinea (1951–1972) (Part of the Portuguese Empire) State of Guinea (1972–1974) (Part of the Portuguese Empire) Republic of Guinea-Bissau (1972–present)
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| Kenya | What is now Kenya has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. As Bantu city-states settled on the coast, several nomadic tribes inhabited the rest of what is today Kenya. c.1st century AD: The Kenyan coast had served host to communities of ironworkers and communities of Bantu subsistence farmers, hunters, and fishers who supported the economy with agriculture, fishing, metal production, and trade with foreign countries. These communities formed the earliest city-states (like Mombasa and Malindi) in the region which were collectively known as Azania.[3] Part of the Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513) Part of the .svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small} Portuguese Empire (1505–1698) Part of the   Omani Empire (1698–1856)Part of the .svg){kind=small} Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1895).svg){kind=small} East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920) (Part of the British Empire) Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (1920–1963) (Part of the British Empire) Kenya, a monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1963–1964)  Republic of Kenya (1964–present)
|
| Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho (1822–1884) (resumed) (1966–present)
 Basutoland (1884–1966) (Part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small}  Kingdom of Lesotho |
| Liberia |  Colony of Liberia (1821–1847) Republic of Liberia (1847–present)
|
| Libya | Archaeological evidence indicates that the coastal plain was inhabited by Eastern Roman Empire (Tripoitania) (683–694) (961–973) Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (694–750) Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–800) Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (800–868) Divided between the Tulunid Emirate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (868–906) Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (906–909) Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (909–969) Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (969–945) Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (945–961) Part of the Fatimid CaliphateDivided between the |
| Madagascar | Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Indianized French Empire on 14 October 1958, full independent state on 26 June 1960) (2010–present)
 Malagasy Republic (1960–1975) Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–1992) Third Republic of Madagascar (1992–2010) Republic of Madagascar |
| Malawi | The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled by migrating (1966–present) |
| Mali | Djenné-Djenno (250 BC–900 AD) Ghana Empire, properly known as Wagadou (c. 300–c. 1200s) |
| Mauritania | Inhabited by various Berber tribes Part of the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 28 November 1960) (1958–1960) (1960–present)
.svg){kind=small}  Islamic Republic of Mauritania |
| Mauritius |  Isle de France (Part of the French Empire) (1715–1810) .svg){kind=small} British Mauritius (Part of the British Empire) (1810–1968)  Mauritius, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1968–1992)  Republic of Mauritius (1992–present)
|
| Morocco | The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Alaouite Sultanate of Morocco (1666–1912) (1956–present)
 French protectorate in Morocco (1912–1955) (part of the French Empire) Spanish protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956) (part of the Spanish Empire) Tangier International Zone (1924–1956) Kingdom of Morocco |
| Mozambique | What is now Portuguese State of India, part of the Portuguese Empire) (1990–present)
Captaincy-General of Mozambique, Sofala and Rivers of Sena (1752–1836) (Independent of the governor of the Portuguese State of India, part of the Portuguese Empire) Province of Mozambique (1836–1891) (part of the Portuguese Empire) State of Eastern Africa (1891–1893) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Province of Mozambique (1893–1926) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Colony of Mozambique (1926–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Province of Mozambique (1951–1972) (part of the Portuguese Empire) State of Mozambique (1973–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire).svg){kind=small} People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990) Republic of Mozambique |
| Namibia | Namibia has been inhabited since early times by the Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion. (1990–present)
 German South West Africa (1884–1915) (part of the German Empire).svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small} South West Africa (1915–1990) (a League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa, known as Namibia by the UN since 1968) Republic of Namibia |
| Niger | Regions around the French Empire on 18 December 1958, full independent state on 3 August 1960) (1958–1960) (1960–present)
 Republic of Niger |
| Nigeria | The federal state formed by 36 states and 1 federal capital city)
|
| Rwanda | Kingdom of Rwanda (c.1400s–1891) (In the 19th century conquered and unified the other kingdoms of the region) United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium) (1962–present)
.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Rwanda (1962) (independent state).svg){kind=small}  Republic of Rwanda |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Before the discovery by the Portuguese, the archipelago was uninhabited Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, every island had its own governor (1470–1752) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, unified colony (1752-1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire) Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe (1951-1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–present)
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| Senegal | Republic of Senegal (1960-1982) (1960–present)
 Senegal, in union with  The Gambia in the Senegambia Confederation (1982–1989)  Republic of Senegal |
| Seychelles | Before the discovery by the Portuguese in the 15th century, the archipelago was uninhabited.svg){kind=small} Isle of Seychelles (1770-1810) (part of the French Empire).svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small} Colony of Seychelles (1903–1976) (part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} .svg){kind=small}  Republic of Seychelles (1976–present)
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| Sierra Leone | Kingdom of Koya, also known as Koya Temne and Temne Kingdom (1505-1896).svg){kind=small} .gif){kind=small} Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (1808–1961) (part of the British Empire) Sierra Leone (1961–1971), a monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom  Republic of Sierra Leone (1971–present)
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| Somalia | (1884–1925)
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| South Africa | Before the Mthethwa Paramountcy (c.1780-1817) (independent state) (1961–present)
.svg){kind=small} Cape Colony (1806–1910) (part of the British Empire)_by_Roberto_Breschi_taken_from_The_South_African_Flag_Book_by_A.P.Burgers.png){kind=small} Zulu Kingdom (1816-1897) (independent state) Natalia Republic (1839-1843) (independent state).svg){kind=small} Colony of Natal (1843–1910) (part of the British Empire) South African Republic (1852–1877; 1881–1902; 1914–1915) (independent state).svg){kind=spacer} Transvaal Colony (1877–1881; 1902–1910) (part of the British Empire) Orange Free State (1854–1902) (independent state) State of Goshen (1882-1883) (independent state) Republic of Stellaland (later United States of Stellaland; 1882–1885) (independent state) Orange River Colony (1902–1910) (part of the British Empire) Union of South Africa (1910–1931), a Dominion within the British Empire Union of South Africa (1931-1961), a monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom  Republic of South Africa |
| South Sudan | The territory of South Sudan has been inhabited since the federal state formed by 10 States, 2 administrative areas and 1 area with special administrative status)
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| Sudan | federal state formed by 18 States and 1 area with special administrative status)
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| Tanzania | Bantu city-states settled on the coast, several nomadic tribes inhabited the rest of what is today Tanzania. Kilwa Sultanate, in the coast of modern-day Tanzania (957-1513) Kingdom of Karagwe (1450–1963) Part of the Portuguese Mozambique, part of the Portuguese Empire (1513-1696)Chagga states (1600–1963) Part of the Omani Empire (1696-1856) Kilindi dynasty (1790s–1862) Sultanate of Zanzibar, in the coast of modern-day Tanzania (1856–1964) (British protectorate 1890–1963) German East Africa (1891–1919) (part of the German Empire).svg){kind=small} Tanganyika Territory (1922–1961) (part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} Republic of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg){kind=small} People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964) United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964) United Republic of Tanzania (1964–present)
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| Togo |  German Togoland (1884–1916) (part of the German Empire) British Togoland (1916–1956) (League of Nations Mandate Territory and later a United Nations Trust Territory, administered by the United Kingdom).svg){kind=small} French Togoland (1916–1960) (League of Nations Mandate Territory and later a United Nations Trust Territory, administered by France) Togolese Republic (1960–present)
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| Tunisia | Catharginian Monarchy (c. 814 BC–480 BC) Catharginian Republic (c.480 BC-146 BC) Eastern Roman Empire (395-439)Vandal Kingdom (439-533) Eastern Roman Empire (534-590)Eastern Roman Empire (590-698)Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (698-750)Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-800)Aghlabid Emirate (800-909) (Semi-independent emirate, nominally vassal or subject of the Abbasids, but de facto independent since 801) Center of the Fatimid Caliphate (909-973) (the capital cities was located in modern Tunisia)Zyrid Emirate, Vassal of the Fatimid Caliphate (973-1048) (The Fatimid Caliphate moved its capital city to Cairo, located in modern Egypt)Zyrid Emirate, independent state (1048-1148) Khurasanid dynasty (1058–1159) Kingdom of Africa (1148-c.1158) Part of the .svg){kind=small} Almohad Caliphate (c.1158-1229).svg){kind=small}  Hafsid Sultanate of Tunis (1229-1574) Eyalet of Tunis (1574–1705) (Eyalet (State) of the Ottoman Empire) .svg){kind=small} Beylik of Tunis (1705–1881) (Beylik (Principality) of the Ottoman Empire) French protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956) (Part of the French Empire) Kingdom of Tunisia(1956–1957)  Republic of Tunisia (1957–present)
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| Uganda | The territory of Uganda has been inhabited since the Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962) (part of the British Empire) (1963–present)
 Uganda, monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1962–1963) Republic of Uganda |
| Zambia | Southern regions of what is today Zambia was part of the Lunda Kingdom (c.1700s-1800s) (1963–present)
 Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1924) (Part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} Northern Rhodesia Protectorate (1924–1953; 1963–1964) (Part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} Part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963), a federation of colonial possession of the British Empire.svg){kind=small}  Republic of Zambia |
| Zimbabwe | Southern regions of what is today Zimbabwe was part of the Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c.1075–c.1220) Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220-1450) Kingdom of Mutapa (1430-1760) Kingdom of Butua (1450-c.1683) Rozvi Empire (1660-1889) Kingdom of Mthwakazi (1823-1894) Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1923) (part of the British Empire).svg){kind=small} Colony of Southern Rhodesia (1923–1953; 1963–1965; 1979–1980) (part of the British Empire) Part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963), a federation of colonial possessions of the British Empire.svg){kind=small} Rhodesia (1965–1979) (Unilateral declaration of independence;from 1970 to 1979 Republic of Rhodesia).svg){kind=small} Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979) Republic of Zimbabwe (1980–present)
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See also
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa
- Decolonisation of Africa
- Succession of states
References
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Countries of Africa". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
- ^ The Techiman-Bono of Ghana: an ethnography of an Akan society Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1975
- ^ "Wonders of the African World". PBS. Retrieved 16 April 2010.