Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox

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template sandbox page for Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state (diff

).

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Content maintenance (editing this data set)

Oxidation state data (edit)
Standard comments (like, "predicted") (edit)

Usage

Automated used in {{Infobox element}} (talk):

Hg: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hg}} → −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Hs: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hs}} → (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[1]^[2]^[3] (parenthesized: prediction)

Comment options

talk
))
`\|comment=` options (as of November 2018):
comment=acidic	(an acidic oxide)
comment=mildly acidic	(a mildly acidic oxide)
comment=strongly acidic	(a strongly acidic oxide)
comment=amphoteric	(an amphoteric oxide)
comment=basic	(a basic oxide)
comment=weakly basic	(a weakly basic oxide)
comment=mildly basic	(a mildly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic	(a strongly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic expected	(expected to have a strongly basic oxide) -- Ra
comment=oxidizes oxygen	(oxidizes oxygen) -- F
comment=depending	(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) -- Cr, Mn
comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic	(rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide ) -- Xe
comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide	(rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) -- Kr

comment=parenthesized	(parenthesized: prediction)
comment=predicted	(predicted)
comment=<any text>	<any text>, including blank

WP:ENGVAR (set `\|engvar=` in article page)
By default, element articles (and so infoboxes) are in `en-US`. In article space, one can call an infobox with `\|engvar=en-GB, en-OED`, which changes these spellings
`comment=parenthesized`
`\|engvar=`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-US (default)`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-GB`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-OED`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-FOO`	(parenthesized: prediction)

Data

Oxidation states data sets (
talk
)
Z	Name	Symbol	complete	main	group	val	oxidation state (P1121)
1	hydrogen	H	−1, 0, +1 (an amphoteric oxide)	−1, +1	1	I	-1, 1, 0
2	helium	He	0	0	18	0
3	lithium	Li	0^[4], +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	1
4	beryllium	Be	0,^[5] +1,^[6] +2 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2	2	II	2, 1^[7]
5	boron	B	−5, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	+3	13	III	2, 3, 1
6	carbon	C	acidic oxide)	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4	14	IV	-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0
7	nitrogen	N	−3, −2, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	−3, +3, +5	15	V	-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
8	oxygen	O	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2	−2	16	VI	-2, -1, 1, 2
9	fluorine	F	−1, 0^[15] (oxidizes oxygen)	−1	17	VII	-1
10	neon	Ne	0	0	18	0
11	sodium	Na	−1, 0,^[16] +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	-1, 1, 0
12	magnesium	Mg	0,^[17] +1,^[18] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II	1, 2
13	aluminium	Al	−2, −1, 0,^[19] +1,^[20] +2,^[21] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III	1, 2, 3
14	silicon	Si	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[22] +1,^[23] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	14	IV	-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
15	phosphorus	P	−3, −2, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	−3, +3, +5	15	V	-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
16	sulfur	S	−2, −1, acidic oxide)	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI	-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
17	chlorine	Cl	−1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7	17	VII	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
18	argon	Ar	0	0	18	0
19	potassium	K	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	-1, 1^[26]
20	calcium	Ca	+1,^[27] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II	1, 2
21	scandium	Sc	0,^[28] +1,^[29] +2,^[30] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	3	III	1, 2, 3
22	titanium	Ti	−2, −1, 0,^[31] +1, +2, +3, +4^[32] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4	4	IV	-1, 1, 2, 4, 3^[33]
23	vanadium	V	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4, +5	5	V	5, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
24	chromium	Cr	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +6	6	VI	3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
25	manganese	Mn	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4, +6, +7	7	VII	2, -3, -2, -1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
26	iron	Fe	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[34] +2, +3, +4, +5,^[35] +6, +7^[36] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3	8	VIII	2, 3, -2, -1, 1, 4, 5, 6
27	cobalt	Co	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5^[37] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3	9	VIII	2, -1, 1, 3, 4, 5
28	nickel	Ni	−2, −1, 0, +1,^[38] +2, +3, +4^[39] (a mildly basic oxide)	+2	10	VIII	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
29	copper	Cu	−2, 0,^[40] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +2	11	I	1, 2, 3, 4
30	zinc	Zn	−2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2	12	II	1, 2
31	gallium	Ga	−5, −4, −3,^[41] −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3^[42] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III	1, 2, 3
32	germanium	Ge	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[43] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +4	14	IV	-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
33	arsenic	As	−3, −2, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	−3, +3, +5	15	V	-3, 1, 2, 3, 4
34	selenium	Se	−2, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI	-2, 2, 4, 6, 1
35	bromine	Br	−1, 0, +1, +2,^{acidic oxide)}	−1, +1, +3, +5	17	VII
36	krypton	Kr	0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown)	0	18	0
37	rubidium	Rb	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	1
38	strontium	Sr	+1,^[49] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II	2
39	yttrium	Y	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	3	III	3
40	zirconium	Zr	−2, 0, +1,^[51]^{[citation needed]} +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	4	IV	4^[52]
41	niobium	Nb	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+5	5	V	5,^[53] 2,^[53] 3,^[53] 4^[53]
42	molybdenum	Mo	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^{acidic oxide)}	+4, +6	6	VI	6,^[55] 0,^[55] 5,^[55] 4,^[55] 3,^[55] 2^[55]
43	technetium	Tc	−1, 0, +1,^{acidic oxide)}	+4, +7	7	VII	4,^[57] 6,^[57] 7^[57]
44	ruthenium	Ru	−4, −2, 0, +1,^{acidic oxide)}	+3, +4	8	VIII	3,^[59] 4,^[59] 1,^[59] 2,^[59] 5,^[59] 6,^[59] 7,^[59] 8^[59]
45	rhodium	Rh	−3^[60], −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7^[61] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	9	VIII	3,^[62] 1,^[62] 2,^[62] 4,^[62] 5,^[62] 6^[62]
46	palladium	Pd	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5^[63] (a mildly basic oxide)	0, +2, +4	10	VIII
47	silver	Ag	−2, −1, 0,^[64] +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+1	11	I
48	cadmium	Cd	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2	12	II
49	indium	In	−5, −2, −1, 0,^[65] +1, +2, +3^[66] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III
50	tin	Sn	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[67] +1,^[68] +2, +3,^[69] +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +4	14	IV
51	antimony	Sb	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[70] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3, +5	15	V
52	tellurium	Te	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI
53	iodine	I	−1, 0, +1, +2,^{acidic oxide)}	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7	17	VII
54	xenon	Xe	acidic oxide )	0	18	0
55	caesium	Cs	−1, +1^[72] (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	1
56	barium	Ba	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II	2
57	lanthanum	La	0,^[50] +1,^[73] +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
58	cerium	Ce	+1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3, +4	f-block groups	-
59	praseodymium	Pr	0,^[50] +1,^[74] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
60	neodymium	Nd	0,^[50] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
61	promethium	Pm	+2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-	2, 3
62	samarium	Sm	0,^[50] +1,^[75] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
63	europium	Eu	0,^[50] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2, +3	f-block groups	-
64	gadolinium	Gd	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
65	terbium	Tb	0,^[50] +1,^[73] +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
66	dysprosium	Dy	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-	2, 3, 4
67	holmium	Ho	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-	2, 3
68	erbium	Er	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
69	thulium	Tm	0,^[50] +1,^[73] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
70	ytterbium	Yb	0,^[50] +1,^[73] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
71	lutetium	Lu	0,^[50] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	3	III	3
72	hafnium	Hf	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	4	IV	4^[76]
73	tantalum	Ta	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+5	5	V	2,^[77] 3,^[77] 4,^[77] 5^[77]
74	tungsten	W	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+4, +6	6	VI	2,^[78] 3,^[78] 4,^[78] 5,^[78] 6^[78]
75	rhenium	Re	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+3, +4, +7	7	VII	3,^[79] 5,^[79] 7,^[79] 1,^[79] 2,^[79] 4,^[79] 6^[79]
76	osmium	Os	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+2, +3, +4, +8	8	VIII	4,^[80] 2,^[80] 8,^[80] 6,^[80] 3^[80]
77	iridium	Ir	−3, –2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9^[81]	+1, +3, +4	9	VIII
78	platinum	Pt	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2, +4	10	VIII
79	gold	Au	−3, −2, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	+1, +3	11	I
80	mercury	Hg	−2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +2	12	II
81	thallium	Tl	−5,^[83] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +3	13	III
82	lead	Pb	−4, −2, −1, 0,^[84] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +4	14	IV
83	bismuth	Bi	−3, −2, −1, 0,^{acidic oxide)}	+3	15	V
84	polonium	Po	−2, +2, +4, +5,^[86] +6 (an amphoteric oxide)	−2, +2, +4	16	VI
85	astatine	At	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7^[87]	−1, +1	17	VII
86	radon	Rn	0, +2, +6	0	18	0
87	francium	Fr	+1 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I	1
88	radium	Ra	+2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II	2
89	actinium	Ac	+3 (a strongly basic oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-	3
90	thorium	Th	−1,^[88] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+4	f-block groups	-	4, 3, 2, 1
91	protactinium	Pa	+2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide)	+5	f-block groups	-
92	uranium	U	−1,^[88] +1, +2, +3,^[89] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4, +6	f-block groups	-
93	neptunium	Np	+2, +3, +4,^[90] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)	+5	f-block groups	-
94	plutonium	Pu	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	f-block groups	-
95	americium	Am	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
96	curium	Cm	+3, +4, +5,^[91] +6^[92] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	f-block groups	-
97	berkelium	Bk	+2, +3, +4, +5^[91]	+3	f-block groups	-
98	californium	Cf	+2, +3, +4, +5^[93]^[91]	+3	f-block groups	-
99	einsteinium	Es	+2, +3, +4	+3	f-block groups	-
100	fermium	Fm	+2, +3	+3	f-block groups	-
101	mendelevium	Md	+2, +3	+3	f-block groups	-
102	nobelium	No	+2, +3	+2	f-block groups	-
103	lawrencium	Lr	+3	+3	3	III
104	rutherfordium	Rf	(+2), (+3), +4^[94]^[95]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction)	(+3), +4 (parenthesized: prediction)	4	IV
105	dubnium	Db	(+3), (+4), +5^[95]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction)	+5	5	V
106	seaborgium	Sg	0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6^[95]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction)	(+4), +6 (parenthesized: prediction)	6	VI
107	bohrium	Bh	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7^[95]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction)	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (parenthesized: prediction)	7	VII
108	hassium	Hs	(+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[96]^[2]^[3] (parenthesized: prediction)	(+3), (+4) (parenthesized: prediction)	8	VIII
109	meitnerium	Mt	(+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)^[95]^[97]^[98]^[2]	(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted)	9	VIII
110	darmstadtium	Ds	(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[95]^[2]	(0), (+2), (+4) (predicted)	10	VIII
111	roentgenium	Rg	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)^[95]^[2]^[99]	(+3) (predicted)	11	I
112	copernicium	Cn	0, (+1), +2, (+4), (+6) (parenthesized: prediction)^[95]^[100]^[2]^[101]	0, +2	12	II
113	nihonium	Nh	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[95]^[2]^[102]	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	13	III
114	flerovium	Fl	(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)^[95]^[2]^[103]	(+2) (predicted)	14	IV
115	moscovium	Mc	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[95]^[2]	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	15	V
116	livermorium	Lv	(−2),^[104] (+2), (+4) (predicted)^[95]	(+2) (predicted)	16	VI
117	tennessine	Ts	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[2]^[95]	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	17	VII
118	oganesson	Og	(−1),^[95] (0), (+1),^[105] (+2),^[106] (+4),^[106] (+6)^[95] (predicted)	(+2), (+4) (predicted)	18	0	-1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 6
119	ununennium	Uue	(+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[95]^[107]	(+1) (predicted)	1	I
120	unbinilium	Ubn	(+1),^[108] (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)^[95]^[107]	(+2) (predicted)	2	II
121	unbiunium	Ubu	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[95]^[109]	(+3) (predicted)	g-block groups	-
122	unbibium	Ubb	(+4) (predicted)^[110]	(+4) (predicted)	g-block groups	-
123	unbitrium	Ubt	(+5) (predicted)^[110]	(+5) (predicted)	g-block groups	-
124	unbiquadium	Ubq	(+6) (predicted)^[110]	(+6) (predicted)	g-block groups	-
125	unbipentium	Ubp	(+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)^[110]	(+6), (+7) (predicted)	g-block groups	-
126	unbihexium	Ubh	(+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[110]	(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)	g-block groups	-

^
ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9
. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

^ ^a ^b Düllmann, C. E. (2008). Investigation of group 8 metallocenes @ TASCA (PDF). 7th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry TASCA 08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

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^ Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found". Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.

^ "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

^ http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/252.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

S2CID 206540959
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doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058
.

^ Schroeder, Melanie. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in German). p. 139.

^ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

^ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

^ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.

ISSN 0002-7863
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doi:10.1021/ic700431s
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S2CID 15298372
.

S2CID 233447380

doi:10.1086/163620.. See also Low valent magnesium compounds
.

OSTI 6973516
.

doi:10.1002/anie.199601291
.

S2CID 4163250
.

^ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

PMID 9668026
.

PMID 18937460
.

PMID 16903744
.

Wikidata Q12013

PMID 20718434
.

doi:10.1039/C39910001372
.

S2CID 96908213
.

doi:10.1063/1.1731452
.

PMID 17579764
.

doi:10.1063/1.1539848
.

^ https://www.chemistryscl.com/advancedlevel/general/oxidation-states-elements/index.php. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X
.

doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910109
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PMID 27812577
.

ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
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PMID 19322853
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PMID 19021174
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PMID 23418750
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^ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in German). 66b: 1107–1121.

ISBN 978-3728125972
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^ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

PMID 19937872
.

PMID 15360247
.

ISSN 1387-7003
.

ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

^ Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide radical; see Kinetics of the bromine monoxide radical + bromine monoxide radical reaction

doi:10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019
.

^
doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028
.

^ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

^ https://www.britannica.com/science/zirconium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d https://www.britannica.com/science/niobium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f https://www.britannica.com/science/molybdenum. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ "Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

^ ^a ^b ^c https://www.britannica.com/science/technetium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h https://www.britannica.com/science/ruthenium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.

PMID 35818987
.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f https://www.britannica.com/science/rhodium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

PMID 17470819
.

doi:10.1021/ja00427a018
.

^ Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.

PMID 11666477
.

^ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

^ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

^ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

S2CID 132399530
.

S2CID 250898175
.

doi:10.1002/anie.197905871
.

^
PMID 34753931
.

S2CID 56148031
.

S2CID 3723987
..

^ https://www.britannica.com/science/hafnium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d https://www.britannica.com/science/tantalum. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e https://www.britannica.com/science/tungsten-chemical-element. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g https://www.britannica.com/science/rhenium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e https://www.britannica.com/science/osmium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

S2CID 4463905
.

PMID 10556900
.

PMID 11666505
.

PMID 15740207
.

S2CID 248675805
.

ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

^
PMID 31276242
.

ISBN 978-9048131464
.

PMID 28553487
.

^
S2CID 51717837
.

S2CID 98052484
.

ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

^ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.

^
ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5
.

ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5
.

S2CID 96127012
.

PMID 20127784
.

S2CID 189944098
.

ISBN 978-3-642-37465-4
. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

PMID 34889909
.

ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133
. Retrieved 12 September 2014.

ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

doi:10.1063/1.480842
.

^
ISBN 978-1402013713
. Retrieved 2008-01-18.

^
doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-l798p
. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

hdl:11449/168956
.

^
PMID 20967377
.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox&oldid=1021596283"

[1] ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5
.

[Fricke1975-2] 
ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9
. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[hassocene-3] Düllmann, C. E. (2008). Investigation of group 8 metallocenes @ TASCA (PDF). 7th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry TASCA 08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

[4] PMID 29114648
.

[ZeroValentBeryllium-5] Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found". Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.

[6] "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[wikidata-ae9e3b632dda9b831deee0a271eae45a79639f75-v12-7] ttp://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/252.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[8] S2CID 206540959
.

[9] :10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058
.

[10] Schroeder, Melanie. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in German). p. 139.

[11] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[12] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[13] "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[14] ISSN 0002-7863
.

[15] :10.1021/ic700431s
.

[16] S2CID 15298372
.

[17] S2CID 233447380

[18] :10.1086/163620.. See also Low valent magnesium compounds
.

[19] OSTI 6973516
.

[20] :10.1002/anie.199601291
.

[21] S2CID 4163250
.

[ZeroValentTin-22] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[23] PMID 9668026
.

[24] PMID 18937460
.

[25] PMID 16903744
.

[wikidata-dca9823d5906f3d7d359f297e2ddfb3fcf62cbeb-v12-26] Wikidata Q12013

[West-27] PMID 20718434
.

[28] :10.1039/C39910001372
.

[Smith-29] S2CID 96908213
.

[McGuire-30] :10.1063/1.1731452
.

[31] PMID 17579764
.

[32] :10.1063/1.1539848
.

[wikidata-7823d3f26dd8cc71a5e80db6f4147429248dc635-v12-33] ttps://www.chemistryscl.com/advancedlevel/general/oxidation-states-elements/index.php. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[34] :10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X
.

[35] :10.1002/zaac.19824910109
.

[36] PMID 27812577
.

[greenwood-37] ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

[38] PMID 19322853
.

[39] PMID 19021174
.

[40] PMID 23418750
.

[41] Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in German). 66b: 1107–1121.

[42] ISBN 978-3728125972
.

[ZeroValentTin2-43] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[44] PMID 19937872
.

[45] PMID 15360247
.

[46] ISSN 1387-7003
.

[47] ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

[48] Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide radical; see Kinetics of the bromine monoxide radical + bromine monoxide radical reaction

[49] :10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019
.

[Cloke1993-50] 
doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028
.

[51] "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[wikidata-669827f0406bd68ad1e1f639e3645e386333eb26-v12-52] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/zirconium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-0315f3fb55898268b2f82e46f59288880a2d18ee-v12-53] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/niobium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[54] "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[wikidata-5bb73d09e92bccc548afafb064a77dd2a9813d73-v12-55] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f https://www.britannica.com/science/molybdenum. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[OpenMOPAC-56] "Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[wikidata-b0c9e01dcbc54fb95113d025a0ddcbc1e29cc026-v12-57] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/technetium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[58] "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[wikidata-977627acdfa879c576c5e31198a7e7b3d5bd277d-v12-59] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h https://www.britannica.com/science/ruthenium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[60] Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.

[61] PMID 35818987
.

[wikidata-48d1dfe8f02477cc35e4c529242fc3ee9006f893-v12-62] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f https://www.britannica.com/science/rhodium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[63] PMID 17470819
.

[64] :10.1021/ja00427a018
.

[65] Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.

[66] PMID 11666477
.

[ZeroValentTin3-67] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[68] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[69] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[70] S2CID 132399530
.

[71] S2CID 250898175
.

[caeside-72] :10.1002/anie.197905871
.

[LnI-73] 
PMID 34753931
.

[74] S2CID 56148031
.

[75] S2CID 3723987
..

[wikidata-4c428e057f328a181dba22d66731e126100df3aa-v12-76] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/hafnium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-e76d9e5e031c6b80666750410829623df7228546-v12-77] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/tantalum. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-5099addaaea00ec67ad14f473ae8252725fd4935-v12-78] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/tungsten-chemical-element. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-a7f736e37fb9f0ccc4a0125fc9fd9806a37c5ad5-v12-79] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g https://www.britannica.com/science/rhenium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-5206607c5f4778a0b4f1e457f0df7151f7677f15-v12-80] ttps://www.britannica.com/science/osmium. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[IrIX-81] S2CID 4463905
.

[82] PMID 10556900
.

[83] PMID 11666505
.

[84] PMID 15740207
.

[85] S2CID 248675805
.

[Thayer_p78-86] ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

[87] ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

[Th(-1),_U(-1)-88] 
PMID 31276242
.

[89] ISBN 978-9048131464
.

[Dutkiewicz2017-90] PMID 28553487
.

[Kovács2018-91] 
S2CID 51717837
.

[CmO3-92] S2CID 98052484
.

[93] ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
.

[rsc-Rf-94] "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.

[Haire-95] 
ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5
.

[96] ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5
.

[MtX4-97] S2CID 96127012
.

[Mt(IX)-98] PMID 20127784
.

[hepta-99] S2CID 189944098
.

[superheavy_chemistry-100] ISBN 978-3-642-37465-4
. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[VI-101] PMID 34889909
.

[Thayer_pp63-67-102] ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

[Schwerdtfeger-103] :10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133
. Retrieved 12 September 2014.

[Thayer_p83-104] ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

[hydride-105] :10.1063/1.480842
.

[Kaldor-106] 
ISBN 978-1402013713
. Retrieved 2008-01-18.

[Cao-107] 
doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-l798p
. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

[Thayer-108] ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8
.

[Amador-109] :11449/168956
.

[Pyykkö2011-110] 
PMID 20967377
.

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v t e Chemical element data sets
ID	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-name}} · ID overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-Z}} {{Infobox element/Z-to-symbol}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-QID}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol}} (symbol self-check, formatting)
Periodic table	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-group}} 1–18 · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-period}} ① –⑧ · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-block}} s-p-d-f-g {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-NESW}} (neighbours in the PT)
Properties (overview)	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-metal-moid-nonmetal}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-phase}} (state of matter) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes}} IB · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration}} (overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol}} · (overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-valence-group}}
Etymology	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology}} (11x, non-trivial, overview)
enwiki	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-pagename}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-shyphen-name}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-pronunciation}} · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-article-quality}} (not in mainspace) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-odd-even}} (Z; to alternate table background)
Images	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image}}, {{caption}}, {{alt text}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-spectral-lines-image}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-zh}} (not mainspace) · ID overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-pymol-color}} · {{PyMOL color}} (not in mainspace)
Isotopes	{{saw}} (overview, WD:s.a.w. comparing enwiki-wikidata) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/year-changed}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope}} (when not stable only)
Wikidata	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration}} (overview) [WD:electron configuration (P8000)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol}} · (Overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} [WD:oxidation state (P1121)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw}} standard atomic weight (overview; s.a.w. comparing enwiki-wikidata) [WD:mass (P2067)] {{IDs}} · {{Pronunciation}} [WD:Unicode character (P487)] {{elconfig}} [WD:electron configuration (P8000)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-zh}} · (ID overview) [WD:Unicode character (P487)] — not in mainspace
Overviews	{{IDs}} · {{Pronunciation}} {{Properties}} {{elconfig}} s.a.w. overview · (s.a.w. compare enwiki–wikidata) period 8 overview (E119; theoretical element pages) {{List of oxidation states of the elements}} Infobox formatting overview: group, period, block
Data hardcoded (not using these datalists)	{{element cell}} etc., in articles: element cell articles, cell-linked, cell-large, cell-property articles: {{List of elements}} infobox references: List of References (like m.p., b.p.)
nav	{{Infobox element/symbol-to--overview1}}
Category:Infobox element data sets (45) (overviews) · Category:Infobox element templates by element (124) · All ../symbol-to-... pages · All ../IB elem/... subpages meta templates: {{Infobox element}} · {{Infobox isotopes (meta)}}