Tampere
Tampere
Tammerfors (Swedish) | |
---|---|
City | |
Tampereen kaupunki Tammerfors stad City of Tampere | |
Population by age | |
• 0 to 14 | 13.3% |
• 15 to 64 | 67.5% |
• 65 or older | 19.2% |
Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
Website | www |
Tampere (/ˈtæmpəreɪ/ TAM-pər-ay, US also /ˈtæmpərə, ˈtɑːmpəreɪ/ TAM-pər-ə, TAHM-pər-ay,[10][11][12] Finnish: [ˈtɑmpere] ⓘ; Swedish: Tammerfors, Finland Swedish: [tɑmærˈforsː] ⓘ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately 255,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 417,000. It is the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland, and the second most populous urban area in the country after the Helsinki metropolitan area.
Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries.[13] The urban area has a population of approximately 340,000.[5] Tampere is the most important urban, economic and cultural centre in the whole of inland Finland.[14]
Tampere and its surroundings are part of the historic province of Satakunta. The area belonged to the province of Häme from 1831 to 1997; over time, it has often been considered a province of Tavastia. For example, in Uusi tietosanakirja, published in the 1960s, the Tampere sub-region is presented as part of the then province of Tavastia. Around the 1950s, Tampere and its surroundings began to establish themselves as a separate province of Pirkanmaa. Tampere became the centre of Pirkanmaa, and Tammermaa was also used several times in the early days of the province, for example in the Suomi-käsikirja published in 1968.[15]
Tampere is wedged between two lakes, Lake Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi,[16][17] with an 18 m (59 ft) difference in water level, and the rapids that connect them, Tammerkoski, have been an important source of power throughout history, most recently for generating electricity.[18] Tampere is known as the "Manchester of the North" because of its past as a centre of Finnish industry,[17] which has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse"[1] and terms such as "Manserock".[19][20][21] Tampere has also been officially declared the "Sauna Capital of the World"[17] because it has the most public saunas in the world.[13][22][23][24][25]
Helsinki is about 160 km (100 mi) south of Tampere and can be reached by Pendolino high-speed train in 1 hour 31 minutes[26] and by car in 2 hours. The distance to Turku is about the same. The Tampere–Pirkkala Airport is the eighth busiest airport in Finland, with more than 230,000 passengers using it in 2017.[27] Tampere is also an important transit route for three Finnish highways: Highway 3 (E12), Highway 9 (E63) and Highway 12. The Tampere light rail had two lines when it started operating in 2021.[28]
Tampere is ranked 26th in the list of 446 hipster cities in the world[29] and is often rated as the most popular city in Finland.[30][31][32][17] The positive development of Tampere and the Tampere metropolitan area has continued into the 21st century, largely due to the fact that Tampere is one of the most attractive cities in Finland.[31][33][34]
Etymology
Although the name Tampere derives from the
Heraldry
The first coat of arms of Tampere was designed by Arvid von Cederwald in 1838,[41][42][43] while the current coat of arms, created in 1960, was designed by Olof Eriksson.[41] Changing the coat of arms was a controversial act, and even after the change there were occasional calls for the old coat of arms to be restored.[44] The new coat of arms was also described in letters to the editor as Soviet-style because of its colours.[45]
The
The city received its first seal in 1803, depicting the city's buildings of the time and Tammerkoski.[48]
History
Early history
The earliest known permanent settlements around Tammerkoski were established in the 7th century, when settlers from the west of the region began to farm land in
Founding and industrialization
Before the founding of the city of Tampere, the neighbouring parish of
In the 19th century, Tampere grew into an important market town and
The world-famous
Geopolitical significance
Tampere was the centre of many important political events in the early 20th century, such as the 1905 conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), led by Vladimir Lenin, held in the Tampere Workers' Hall during their flight from Russia, where it was decided, among other things, to launch an armed insurrection that eventually led to the October 1917 revolution in the Russian Empire.[13][64][65] Also, on 1 November 1905, during the General Strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed in Keskustori.[58][66]
After Finland gained its full independence, Tampere played an important role in the
During the Winter War, Tampere was bombed several times by the Soviet Union.[70] The reason for the bombing of Tampere was that the city was an important railway junction and was also home to the State Aircraft Factory and the Tampella Factory, which produced ammunition and weapons, including grenade launchers. The most devastating bombing took place on 2 March 1940, when nine people were killed and 30 wounded. In addition, ten buildings were destroyed and 30 damaged that day.[71]
Post-war period and modern day
The dominant force in Tampere's municipal politics after the
After the Second World War, Tampere was enlarged by the incorporation of some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947,
At the turn of the 1990s, Tampere's industry underwent a major structural change, as the production of Tampella and Tampere's textile industry in particular was heavily focused on
Geography
Tampere is part of the
The
Neighbourhoods and other subdivisions
The city of Tampere is divided into seven statistical areas, each of which includes the many districts and their suburbs. In total, there are 111 statistical areas in Tampere. However, the statistical areas created for Tampere's statistics do not fully correspond to the division of Tampere's districts or to the way residents perceive the districts. For example, the districts of Amuri, Kyttälä and Tammela are divided into two parts in accordance with the official district division, and Liisankallio and Kalevanrinne are often considered to belong to the district of Kaleva.[89]
Climate
Tampere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tampere has a
Climate data for Tampere Härmälä (TMP), elevation: 85 m (279 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1900–present (Härmälä and Tampella) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
5.2 (41.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −37.0 (−34.6) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
−37.0 (−34.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
30 (1.2) |
29 (1.1) |
32 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
66 (2.6) |
74 (2.9) |
65 (2.6) |
55 (2.2) |
57 (2.2) |
51 (2.0) |
46 (1.8) |
582 (22.9) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 32.3 (12.7) |
31.4 (12.4) |
29.5 (11.6) |
13.9 (5.5) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3.3 (1.3) |
13.1 (5.2) |
27.2 (10.7) |
152.4 (60) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 109 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
90 | 87 | 82 | 70 | 63 | 66 | 69 | 76 | 82 | 87 | 91 | 92 | 80 |
Source 1: weatheronline.co.uk[90] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: FMI [1] (precipitation, record highs and lows)[91] |
Climate data for Tampere–Pirkkala Airport (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1979-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
9.0 (48.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
29.2 (84.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.2 (72.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
8.8 (47.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
0.9 (33.7) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −22.9 (−9.2) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −35.8 (−32.4) |
−31.8 (−25.2) |
−29.1 (−20.4) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−21.9 (−7.4) |
−33.0 (−27.4) |
−35.8 (−32.4) |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
91 | 88 | 80 | 70 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 77 | 83 | 88 | 92 | 92 | 80 |
Source 1: https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/ilmastollinen-vertailukausi | |||||||||||||
Source 2: https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101118 |
Temperature records of Tampere
Temperature records of Tampere and the near-by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport:[92]
Temperature Records of Tampere
Tampere highest temperatures by month | |||
Month | °C | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|
June | 33.2° | 22 June 2021 | Härmälä |
July | 33.1° | 9 July 1914 | Härmälä |
August | 32.1° | 10 August 1912 | Härmälä |
Highest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980:[92]
Pirkkala Airport highest temperatures by month | |||
Month | °C | Year | |
---|---|---|---|
January | 8.0° | 2007 | |
February | 9.4° | 1990 | |
March | 14.9° | 2007 | |
April | 24.2° | 1998 | |
May | 29.3° | 2014 | |
June | 31.7° | 1999 | |
July | 32.5° | 2010 | |
August | 31.1° | 1992 | |
September | 24.8° | 1999 | |
October | 17.5° | 1984 | |
November | 12.4° | 2015 | |
December | 10.3° | 2015 |
Lowest temperatures in Pirkanmaa:[92]
Tampere lowest temperatures by month | |||
Month | °C | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|
January | −38.5° | 9 January 1987 | Aitoneva, Kihniö |
February | −40.9° | 3 February 1966 | Mouhijärvi |
Lowest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980:[92]
Pirkkala Airport lowest temperatures by month | |||
Month | °C | Year | |
---|---|---|---|
January | −35.8° | 1987 | |
February | −31.8° | 2007 | |
March | −29.1° | 1981 | |
April | −14.8° | 1988 | |
May | −7.2° | 1999 | |
June | −3.0° | 1984 | |
July | 1.5° | 1987 | |
August | −0.4° | 1984 | |
September | −7.0° | 1986 | |
October | −16.4° | 1992 | |
November | −22.0° | 1990 | |
December | −33.0° | 1995 |
Cityscape
Revival and nationalism
Tampere has buildings from many architectural periods. The Old Stone Church of
Functionalism and modernism
The Post-
The
Economy
The Tampere region, Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 509,000 residents,[101] 244,000 employed people,[102] and a turnover of 28 billion euros as of 2014[update].[103]
According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. Unemployment rate was 9.2% in September 2023.[104] 70% of the areas jobs are in the service sector. Less than 20% are in the manufacturing sector. 34.5% of employed people live outside the Tampere municipality and commute to Tampere for work. Meanwhile, 15.6% of Tampere's residents work outside Tampere.[105]
In 2014 the largest employers were Kesko, Pirkanmaan Osuuskauppa, Alma Media and Posti Group.[106] Tampere is headquarters for Bronto Skylift, an aerial rescue and aerial work platform manufacturer.[107]
According to a study carried out by the Synergos Research and Training Center of the University of Tampere, the total impact of tourism in the Tampere region in 2012 was more than 909 million euros. Tourism also brought 4,805 person-years to the region.[109] The biggest single attraction in Tampere is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which had about 630,000 visitors in 2016.[110] In addition, in 2015, 1,021,151 overnight stays were made in Tampere hotels. The number exceeded the previous record year with more than 20,000 overnight stays. All that makes Tampere the second most popular city in Finland after Helsinki in terms of hotel stays. Leisure tourism accounted for 55,4% of overnight stays and occupational tourism for 43,2%. The occupancy rate of all accommodation establishments with more than 20 rooms was 57,0%, while that of accommodation establishments in the whole country was 48,3%.[111]
Tampere's economic profit in 2015 was the worst of big Finnish cities.[112] In 2016 the loss of the fiscal year was 18,8 million euros.[113] In the city's economy, the largest revenues come from taxes and government contributions. In 2015, the city received 761 million euros in municipal tax revenue. In addition, 61,4 million euros came from corporate taxes and 64 million euros from property taxes.[114] Tax revenues have not increased as expected in the 2010s, although the city's population has increased. This has been affected by high unemployment.[115]
Energy
In 2013, Tampereen Energiantuotanto, which is part of the
In 2013, the share of
Water and waste management
66,5% of Tampere's domestic water is
Pirkanmaan Jätehuolto handles waste management in Tampere. It has waste treatment facilities in Nokia's Lake Koukkujärvi and Tampere's Lake Tarastenjärvi.[105]: 92
Demographics
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1815 | 793 | — |
1840 | 1,819 | +129.4% |
1850 | 3,207 | +76.3% |
1860 | 5,232 | +63.1% |
1870 | 6,986 | +33.5% |
1880 | 13,645 | +95.3% |
1890 | 20,132 | +47.5% |
1900 | 36,344 | +80.5% |
1910 | 45,442 | +25.0% |
1920 | 47,830 | +5.3% |
1930 | 50,138 | +4.8% |
1939 | 78,012 | +55.6% |
1972 | 163,609 | +109.7% |
Source: Tilastollinen päätoimisto,[116] Statistics Finland[117] |
The city of Tampere has 255,066 inhabitants, making it the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland and the tenth in the Nordics. The Tampere region, with 416,653 people, is the second largest after the Helsinki metropolitan area. Tampere is home to 5% of Finland's population. 9.5% of the population has a foreign background, which is above the national average. However, it is lower than in the major Finnish cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa or Turku.[117]
The demographic structure of Tampere shows that the city is a very popular place to study, as the number of young adults is significantly higher than in other municipalities in the region. At the end of 2012, the old-age dependency ratio was 45. Approximately 17.3% of the population was over the age of 65.[105]: 13 Just over half of the population is female, as in the country as a whole. The population is fairly well educated, with two-thirds of those over 15 having completed post-primary education.[118]
At the end of 2018, there were a total of 140,039 dwellings in Tampere, of which 127,639 were permanently occupied and 12,400 were not permanently occupied.
For more than ten years, Tampere has been one of the most migratory municipalities, as more than 1,930 new residents moved to Tampere in January–September 2021. Nokia, Kangasala and Lempäälä, which are among Tampere's neighbouring municipalities, have also been identified as the most migratory municipalities, rising to the list of the 20 most attractive municipalities.[33][34] Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tampere has become Finland's most attractive area for internal migration, as Tampere gained the most migration gains in 2020.[121]
Year | Population |
---|---|
1980 | 166,228
|
1985 | 169,026
|
1990 | 172,560
|
1995 | 182,742
|
2000 | 195,468
|
2005 | 204,337
|
2010 | 213,217
|
2015 | 225,118
|
2020 | 238,420
|
Languages
Tampere is the largest monolingual municipality in Finland. The majority of the population - 224,266 people or 90.1% - speak Finnish as their first language. In Tampere, 1,333 people, or 0.5% of the population, speak Swedish. This is the second largest number of Swedish speakers in monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities after Kaarina. Kaarina and Tampere are also the only monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities with a separate Swedish-speaking community. In 1900, Swedish speakers made up more than six per cent of Tampere's population, and less than two per cent in 1950.[122]
As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon. At least 160 different languages are spoken in Tampere. The most widely spoken foreign languages are Russian (1.4%), Arabic (1.0%), Farsi (0.8%) and English (0.7%).[117]
Immigration
Population by country of birth (2022)[117] | ||
Nationality | Population | % |
---|---|---|
Finland | 226,644 | 91.0 |
Soviet Union | 2,197 | 0.9 |
Iraq | 1,252 | 0.5 |
Afghanistan | 1,182 | 0.5 |
Sweden | 1,181 | 0.5 |
Estonia | 1,090 | 0.4 |
Russia | 873 | 0.4 |
Iran | 870 | 0.3 |
China | 846 | 0.3 |
India | 833 | 0.3 |
Turkey | 564 | 0.2 |
In 2022, there were 23,561 people with a migrant background living in Tampere, or 9.5% of the population.[note 1] There were 22,365 residents who were born abroad, or 9% of the population. The number of foreign citizens in Tampere was 14,758.[124] Most foreign-born citizens came from the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sweden, and Estonia.[117]
The relative share of immigrants in the population of Tampere is slightly above the national average.[117] Tampere attracts more migration from within Finland than directly from abroad. Nevertheless, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.
Urban areas
In 2019, out of the total population of 238,140, 231,648 people lived in urban areas and 3,132 in sparsely populated areas, while the coordinates of 3,360 people were unknown. This made Tampere's degree of urbanization 98.7%.[125] The urban population in the municipality was divided between three statistical urban areas as follows:[126]
# | Urban area | Population |
---|---|---|
1 | Tampere urban area | 225,440 |
2 | Vuores | 5,316 |
3 | Kämmenniemi | 892 |
Religion
In 2022, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 58% of the population of Tampere. Other religious groups accounted for 3.2% of the population. 38.8% of the population had no religious affiliation.[117]
Education
The comprehensive education is given mainly in Finnish but the city has special bilingual groups where students study in Finnish and a second language (English, French or German).[127] Furthermore, there is a private Swedish-speaking school in the Kaakinmaa district (Swedish Svenska samskolan i Tammerfors) that covers all levels of education from preschool to high school.[128]
There are three institutions of higher education in the Tampere area totaling 40,000 students: the university and two polytechnic institutions (Finnish: ammattikorkeakoulu). Tampere University (TUNI) has over 20,000 students and is located in two campuses, one in the Kalevanharju district, close to the city centre, and one in Hervanta, in the southern part of the city. The institution was formed in 2019 as a result of the merge of University of Tampere (UTA) and Tampere University of Technology (TUT). TUNI is also the major shareholder of the Tampere University of Applied Sciences (Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, TAMK), a polytechnic counting about 10,000 students.[129] The Police University College, the polytechnic institution serving all of Finland in its field of specialization, is also located in Tampere.[130][131]
Tampere University Hospital (Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala, TAYS) in the Kauppi district, one of the main hospitals in Finland, is affiliated with Tampere University. It is a teaching hospital with 34 medical specializations.
The Nurmi district in the northern part of city also houses the Tampere Christian School (Tampereen kristillinen koulu), which operates on a co-Christian basis and is maintained by the Adventist Church of Finland, offering free basic education based on Christian basic values and outlook on life for all grades of primary school.[132]
Arts and culture
Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as Väinö Linna, Kalle Päätalo, and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These authors are known particularly as writers depicting the lives of working-class people, thanks to their respective backgrounds as members of the working class. Also from such a background was the poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district, which was also the original home of the aforementioned Hannu Salama.[citation needed] On 1 October, Tampere celebrates the annual Tampere Day (Finnish: Tampereen päivä), which hosts a variety of public events.[133][89]
Media
Tampere is a strong media city, as the television center in
The Tampere Film Festival, an annual international short film event, is held every March.[136] Tampere has also served as a filming location for international film productions, most notably the 1993 British comedy film The Big Freeze[137] and the 2022 American sci-fi film Dual.[138][139]
In 2014, Aamulehti, which was published in Tampere and was founded in 1881,[140][141] was the third largest newspaper in Finland in terms of circulation, after Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat. The circulation of the magazine was 106,842 (2014).[142] In addition, a free city newspaper Tamperelainen (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) will be published in the city.[89] In November 2016, the Tamperelainen was awarded the second best city newspaper in Finland.[143]
The city is also known as the home of the popular Hydraulic Press Channel on YouTube, which originates from a machine shop owned by Lauri Vuohensilta.[144]
Independent video game developer Colossal Order, known for the hit city-building game Cities: Skylines, is based in Tampere.[145]
Food
A local food speciality is
A newer Tampere tradition are munkki, fresh sugary doughnuts that are sold in several cafés around Tampere, but most traditionally in Pyynikki observation tower.[148]
One of the specialties of Tampere's local barbecue dishes include the peremech (Finnish: pärämätsi) based on traditional Tatar food. It is a pie reminiscent of Karelian pasty with seasoned ground meat inside.[149][150]
In the 1980s, in addition to mustamakkara and barley bread, the old parish dish of Tampere was also called a potato soup, home-made
Since 1991, the two-day
Music
Tampere is home to the
Manserock became a general term for rock music from Tampere, which was essentially rock music with Finnish lyrics. Manserock was especially popular during the 1970s and 1980s, and its most popular artists included Juice Leskinen, Veltto Virtanen, Kaseva, Popeda, and Eppu Normaali. In 1977, Poko Rekords, the first record company in Tampere, was founded.[154]
In the 2010s, there has been a lot of popular musical activity in Tampere, particularly in the fields of rock and heavy/black metal; one of the most important metal music events in Tampere is the Sauna Open Air Metal Festival.[155] Some of the most popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Uniklubi, and Lovex. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene. Tampere hosts an annual World of Tango Festival (Maailmantango),[156] which is one of the most significant tango events in Finland next to the Tangomarkkinat of Seinäjoki.
Theatre
Tampere has a lengthy tradition of theater, with established institutions such as
Tampere's other professional theaters are Teatteri Siperia; restaurant theater Teatteripalatsi; Teatteri Telakka, known for its artistic experiments; Ahaa Teatteri, which specializes in children's and young people's plays;
Religious activities
As is the case with most of the rest of Finland, most Tampere citizens belong to the
There was an organized Jewish community until 1981. Though a small number of Jews remain in Tampere, organized communal life ended at that time.[167]
There are three registered Muslim communities in Tampere. The biggest of them being Tampere Islam Society with over 1500 members.[168]
City rivalry with Turku
Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Turku,[169] the first capital of Finland, and they tend to compete for the title of being the "second grand city of Finland" after Helsinki.[170][171] This rivalry is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Tampere is well known as a food destination because of its food culture. Since 1997, students at Tampere have made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back into the Baltic Sea.[172][173]
Main sights
One of the main tourist attractions is the
Tampere has at least seven
Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to
There are many museums and galleries, including:
- The Vapriikki Museum Centre[177][17] which includes the Natural History Museum of Tampere, Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame, Finnish Museum of Games, Post Museum and the Shoe Museum
- Hatanpää Manor and Hatanpää Arboretum
- The Näsilinna Palace
- Tampere Art Museum[178]
- Tampere Lenin Museum
- The Moomin Museum,[13][179][17] about Moomins
- Rupriikki Media Museum
- Spy Museum in Siperia[180]
- Workers' housing museum in Amuri.[181]
- Finland's largest glass sculpture, owned by the City of Tampere, "KoskiKeskus until it was moved to a warehouse.[182]
Pispala
Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes. It is divided into
Events
Concerts
Sport
Ice hockey
Tampere's sporting scene is mainly driven by
Association football
Like ice hockey, association football is also a popular sport in Tampere. Ilves, the professional football club of Tampere,[202] alone has over 4,000 players in its football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 (mostly junior) football teams.
Tampere hosted some of the football preliminaries for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Basketball
Basketball is another popular sport in Tampere; the city has three basketball teams with big junior activity and one of them, Tampereen Pyrintö,[203][204] plays on the highest level (Korisliiga) and was the Finnish Champion in 2010, 2011, and 2014.[205]
It was a co-host of the EuroBasket 1967, and the Nokia Arena will host the EuroBasket 2025 as one of the host cities.
Batting sports
Manse PP is the city's pesäpallo team, the only remaining team in the men's Superpesis to be based within a major city, and who won the league in 2021, as well as the women's league in 2017.
Tampere also has a baseball and softball club, the Tampere Tigers, which plays in the top division of Finnish baseball.[206][207]
American football
Tampere Saints is the American football club in the city, that won division 2 in 2015 and plays in the Maple League (division 1) in summer 2017.[208]
Speedway
Gymnastics
Tampere has long tradition in various fields of gymnastics. Finnish Gymnastics Federation office is located in Kauppi Sports Centre. Local clubs include Tampereen Voimistelijat, Elixiria Sport, Rantaperkiön Isku, TTNV. Ikuri Gymnatics centre is the main training location. Large competitions are organized in Tampere Fair Centre. Gymnaestrada Finland was held in Tampere in 2022.
Other sports
In addition to all of the above, volleyball, wrestling and boxing are also among Tampere's best-known sports.[89]
The city also hosted two canoe sprint world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the World Rowing Junior Championships and in 1995 the Senior World Rowing Championships. Recently, Tampere was the host of the 10th European Youth Olympic Festival on 17–25 July 2009[213] and the 2010 World Ringette Championships on 1–6 November at Hakametsä arena.[214]
Tampere hosted the 2023 European Masters Games from 26 June to 9 July.[215]
Transport
Tampere is an important railroad hub in Finland and there are direct railroad connections to, for example,
Tampere is served by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport, located in neighboring municipality Pirkkala some 13 km (8 mi) southwest of the city, and it replaced the former Härmälä Airport, which was closed in 1979.[80] The current airport is connected to the city centre of Tampere by bus route 103, and to that of Pirkkala by bus route 39.[221]
The public transport network in Tampere currently consists of a bus network and two lines of city's light rail, operating from 9 August 2021.[222] The Tampere Bus Station, designed by Jaakko Laaksovirta and Bertel Strömmer, representing functionalist architecture, was completed in 1938,[223][224]: 203–204 being the largest bus station in the Nordic countries at the time,[225] and between 1948 and 1976, the city also had an extensive trolleybus network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland.[226] As of 2017, commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring towns of Nokia and Lempäälä is being established.[227]
In 2015, the Port of Tampere,
In the 2010s, Tampere has made efforts to invest in the smooth running of cycling and walkability.[232] Thanks to it, the city was awarded the title of "Cycling Municipality of the Year" in 2013.[233] According to a survey conducted in 2015, the attractiveness of both cycling and walking had increased during 2014 and 2015.[234] In any case, during the 21st century, the growth of bicycle traffic has been clearly faster than the growth of the city's population, and the number of cycles has increased by an average of about 2% per year.[235]
Distances to other cities
- Helsinki – 180 km (110 mi)
- Hämeenlinna – 79 km (49 mi)
- Joensuu – 396 km (246 mi)
- Jyväskylä – 150 km (93 mi)
- Kuopio – 297 km (185 mi)
- Lahti – 130 km (81 mi)
- Lappeenranta – 276 km (171 mi)
- Oulu – 490 km (300 mi)
- Pori – 110 km (68 mi)
- Seinäjoki – 177 km (110 mi)
- Turku – 163 km (101 mi)
- Vaasa – 240 km (150 mi)
Government
In 2007, Tampere switched to a new model of government. Since then, a mayor and four deputy mayors have been chosen for a period of four years by the city council. The mayor also becomes the seat of the city council for the duration of the tenure.
Tampere was the first Finnish municipality to be elected mayor.[236] However, the mayor does not have an official relationship with the municipality; the mayor serves as chairman of the city board and directs the municipality's activities, and the mayor's duties are defined in the city government's bylaws.[236] Because the mayor and deputy mayors are trustees, they can be removed by the council if they lose the majority trust.[89]
For the first two years,
Mayors over time
- Kaarle Nordlund 1929–1943
- Sulo Typpö 1943–1957
- Erkki Lindfors 1957–1969
- Pekka Paavola 1969–1985
- Jarmo Rantanen 1985–2007
- Timo P. Nieminen (kok.) 2007–2012
- Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (kok.) 2013–2017
- Lauri Lyly (sd.) 2017–2021
- Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (kok.) 2021–2023
- Kalervo Kummola (kok.) 2023–present
Notable people
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2023) |
Born before 1900
- Emil Aaltonen (1869—1949), industrialist and philanthropist
- Emanuel Aromaa (1873—1933), politician
- Eero Berg (1898–1969), long-distance runner and Olympic gold medalist
- Minna Canth (1844–1897), author and social activist
- Rosa Clay(1875–1959), a Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor
- Minna Craucher (1891–1932), socialite and spy
- James Finlayson (1772–1852), Scottish Quaker and industrialist
- Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958), politician
- Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Alma Jokinen (1882–1939), politician
- Feliks Kellosalmi (1877–1939), politician
- Augusta Laine (1867–1949), teacher of home economics and politician
- Frans Oskar Lilius (1871–1928), politician
- Wivi Lönn (1872–1966), architect
- Kaapo Murros (1875–1951), journalist, lawyer, writer and politician
- Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956), the Prime Minister of Finland and the 7th President of Finland
- Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
- Arvo Pohjannoro (1893–1963), Lutheran clergyman and politician
- Anders Rajala (1891–1957), wrestler
- Julius Saaristo (1891–1969) track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist
- Matti Schreck (1897–1946), banker and film producer
- Nobel laureate[238]
- Bertel Strömmer (1890–1962), architect
- Vilho Tuulos (1895–1967), triple jumper, long jumper and Olympic gold medalist
- August Wesley (1887–?), journalist, trade unionist and revolutionary
Born after 1900
- Jonne Aaron (born 1983), singer
- Sinikka Antila (born 1960), lawyer and diplomat
- Aleksander Barkov (born 1995), Finnish-Russian professional ice hockey player
- Anu Bradford (born 1975), Finnish-American author and law professor
- Johanna Debreczeni (born 1980), singer
- Henrik Otto Donner (1939–2013), composer and music personality
- Anna Falchi (born 1972), Finnish-Italian model and film actress
- Mauri Favén (1920–2006), painter
- Jussi Halla-aho (born 1971), politician and former leader of the Finns Party
- Roope Hintz (born 1996), professional ice hockey player
- Anja Ignatius (1911–1995), violinist and music educator
- Seppo Jokinen (born 1949), author
- Viljo Kajava (1909–1998), author and poet
- Tapani Kalliomäki (born 1970), stage and film actor
- Glen Kamara (born 1995), professional footballer
- Jorma Karhunen (1913–2002), Finnish Air Force ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
- Leo Kinnunen (1943–2017), Formula One driver
- Urpo Lahtinen (1931–1994), journalist and magazine publisher, founder of Tamperelainen
- Kimmo Leinonen (born 1949), ice hockey executive and writer[239]
- Mika Koivuniemi (born 1967), bowling coach and professional ten-pin bowler
- Kiira Korpi (born 1988), figure skater
- Patrik Laine (born 1998), professional ice hockey player
- Väinö Linna (1920–1992), author
- Jyrki Lumme (born 1966), professional hockey player
- Tiina Lymi (born 1971), actress, director, screenwriter and author
- Taru Mäkelä (born 1959), film director and screenwriter
- Eeva-Liisa Manner (1921–1995), poet, playwright and translator
- Sanna Marin (born 1985), Prime Minister of Finland (2019–2023)
- Sakari Mattila (born 1989), professional footballer
- Matthau Mikojan (born 1982), rock musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter
- Pate Mustajärvi (born 1956), rock singer
- Mikko Nousiainen (born 1975), actor
- Teppo Numminen (born 1968), professional ice hockey player
- Luka Nurmi (born 2004), racing driver
- Erno Paasilinna (1935–2000), author and journalist
- Pekka Paavola (born 1933), politician and Minister of Justice
- Tero Palmroth (born 1953), racing driver
- Oiva Paloheimo (1910–1973), author, poet and aphorist
- Veijo Pasanen (1930–1988), actor
- Aku Pellinen (born 1993), racing driver
- Sakari Puisto (born 1976), politician
- Raisa Räisänen (1983–?), still missing 16-year-old girl, who was declared dead in absentiain 2007
- Matti Ranin (1926–2013), actor
- Otto Räty (born 1992), ice hockey player
- Leo Riuttu (1913–1989), actor
- Seela Sella (born 1936), actress
- Heikki Silvennoinen (born 1954), musician and actor
- Kikka (1964–2005), pop and schlager singer
- Jukka Tapanimäki (1961–2000), software developer and game programmer
- Armi Toivanen (born 1980), actress
- Jussi Välimäki (born 1974), rally driver
- Lauri Viita (1916–1965), poet
- Sofia Vikman (born 1983), politician
- Olavi Virta (1915–1972), singer
- Juuso Walli (born 1996), professional ice hockey player[240]
- Hans Wind (1919–1995), fighter pilot, flying ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross
- Aki Yli-Salomäki (born 1972), composer, music critic and music journalist
International relations
Tampere is
- Chemnitz, Germany[241]
- Essen, Germany[242]
- Kaunas, Lithuania[241]
- Kyiv, Ukraine[241]
- Klaksvík, Faroe Islands[241]
- Kópavogur, Iceland[241]
- Linz, Austria[241]
- Łódź, Poland (since 1996)[243]
- Miskolc, Hungary[241]
- Norrköping, Sweden[241]
- Odense, Denmark[241]
- Olomouc, Czech Republic[241]
- Brașov, Romania[241]
- Tartu, Estonia[241]
- Trondheim, Norway (since 1946)[244]
- Guangzhou, China[245][246]
- Syracuse, United States[247]
Tampere has two additional "friendship cities":
See also
- Battle of Tampere
- Mustamakkara
- Nokia, Finland
- Pirkkala
- Ratina Stadium
- Särkänniemi
- Tammerkoski
- Tampere Deck Arena
- Tampere Film Festival
- Tampere Tigers
Notes
References
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Further reading
- Mari Lind, Kimmo Antila & Antti Liuttunen (2011). Tammerkoski ja kosken kaupunki (in Finnish). Tampere: Vapriikki.
- Harry Lönnroth (2009). Tampere kieliyhteisönä (in Finnish). SKS. ISBN 978-952-222-119-3.
External links
- Official website
- Visit Tampere – The official Tampere Region visitor website
- Virtual City Guide: VirtualTampere.com
- Tampere – so much more than the sauna capital of the world – Visit Finland
- Megan Starr: 15 Quirky and Alternative Things to Do in Tampere, Finland. – Megan & Aram (Meganstarr.com), 1 December 2021.
- 1952 Summer Olympics official report Archived 11 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine pp. 62–3.
- Tammerkoski Heritage – Town's Industrial Heritage Portal
- CSSA Tampere Ry
- Lunch restaurants in Tampere
- Tampere travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.