Badakhshan Province

Coordinates: 38°0′N 71°0′E / 38.000°N 71.000°E / 38.000; 71.000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the greater geographical region, see Badakhshan.

Badakhshan Province
بدخشان
UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
Postal code
34XX
ISO 3166 codeAF-BDS
Main languagesPersian

Badakhshan Province (

Upper Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan in the southeast. It also has a 91-kilometer (57-mile) border with China
in the east.

It is part of a broader historical

2021 Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.[7][8]

Etymology

During the

Sassanids' reign it was called "bidix", and in Parthian times "bthšy". In Sassanid manuscripts found in Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
it was called "Bałasakan". In Chinese sources from the 7th century onwards it was called "Po-to-chang-na".

Geography

Further information: Geography of Afghanistan
Durand line
(which marks the border with Pakistan). It is the westernmost 7000m peak in the world.
Valley of Kuran wa Munjan in Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Looking from the center of the main valley towards the south.

Badakhshan is bordered by

Khatlon Province), China through a long spur called the Wakhan Corridor to the east, and Pakistan to the south-east (Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan). The total area of Badakhshan is 44,059 square kilometres (17,011 sq mi), most of which is occupied by the Hindu Kush and Pamir
mountain ranges.

According to the World Wildlife Fund,[citation needed] Badakhshan contains temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, as well as Gissaro-Alai open woodlands along the Pamir River. Common plants found in these areas include pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, juniper, and sagebrush.

Montane grasslands and shrublands are existent in the province, with the Hindu Kush alpine meadow in the high mountains in the northern and southwestern regions.

The

Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe and in the Pamir Mountains and Kuh-e Safed Khers
in Darwaz region.

South of Fayzabad the terrain becomes dominated by deserts and xeric shrublands. Common vegetation includes thorny bushes, zizyphus, acacia, and Amygdatus. Paropamisus xeric woodlands can be found in the province's northwestern and central areas. Common vegetation includes almond, pistachio,

sea-buckthorn
.

History

Part of a series on the
History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Hephthalite Empire
 410–557
Nezak Huns 484–711
Medieval
Kabul Shahi 565–879
Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries
Rashidun Caliphate 652–661
Tang China 660–669
Tibetan Empire 660–842
Umayyads 661–750
Zunbils 680–870
Lawik750-977
Abbasids 750–821
Tahirids 821–873
Saffarids 863–900
Samanids 875–999
Ghaznavids 963–1187
Ghurids before 879–1215
Seljuks 1037–1194
Khwarezmids 1215–1231
Mongol Invasion 1219–1226
Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245
Qarlughids 1224–1266
Ilkhanate 1256–1335
Kartids 1245–1381
Timurids 1370–1507
Arghuns 1520–1591
Modern
Tanai coup attempt
 1990
Islamic State 1992–1996
Islamic Emirate 1996–2001
US invasion 2001
Islamic State (reinstated) 2001
Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004
Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021
Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021
Related historical regions
Related topics
Further information: History of Afghanistan

Badakhshan was an independent country until late 18th century before it was ruled by the Durranis followed by the Barakzai dynasty, and was untouched by the British during the three Anglo-Afghan Wars that were fought in the 19th and 20th centuries, which allowed the Emanzai Tribe to rise in regional control. It remained peaceful for about 100 years until the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War at which point the Mujahideen began a rebellion against the central Afghan government.

During the 1990s, much of the area was controlled by forces loyal to

Northern Alliance
during the peak of Taliban control in 2001.

Badakhshan was thus one of the few provinces of the country that witnessed little insurgency in the Afghan wars – however, during the 2010s Taliban insurgents managed to attack and take control of several districts in the province.[10]

On 26 October 2015, the 7.5

Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). This earthquake destroyed almost 30,000 homes, left several hundred dead, and more than 1,700 injured.[11]

Transportation

Further information: Transport in Afghanistan

Fayzabad Airport serves the province with regular direct flights to Kabul.

Healthcare

Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 13% in 2005 to 21% in 2011.[12] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 1.5% in 2003 to 2% in 2011.[12]

Education

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

Badakhshan University is located in Fayzabad, a city which also has a number of public schools including an all-girls school.

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 31% in 2005 to 26% in 2011.[12] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 46% in 2005 to 68% in 2011.[12]

Economy

Further information: Economy of Afghanistan
Classic lazurite specimen from Sar-e-Sang district

Despite massive mineral reserves, Badakhshan is one of the most destitute areas in the world.

maternal mortality
in the world, due to the complete lack of health infrastructure, inaccessible locations, and bitter winters of the province.

emeralds.[16] It is estimated that the mines at Kuran wa Munjan District hold up to 1,290 tonnes of azure (lapis lazuli).[17] Exploitation of this mineral wealth could be key to the region's prosperity.[16]

On 5 October 2018 in Washington, D.C., Afghan officials signed a 30-year contract involving a $22 million investment by investment group Centar and its operating company, Afghan Gold and Minerals Co., to explore and develop an area of Badakhshan for gold mining.[18]

Sport

Further information: Sport in Afghanistan

The province is represented in Afghan domestic cricket competitions by the Badakhshan Province cricket team BORNA Cricket Club which belongs to BORNA Institute of Higher Education is coming up with its own team and will be groomed by the experts in the field of cricket.

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Afghanistan
Districts of Badakhshan before 2005
Children in Badakhshan

As of 2020, the population of the province is about 1,054,087, constituting a

Pamiri languages: Shughni, Munji, Ishkashimi, and Wakhi
.

The inhabitants of the province are mostly

Shia Muslims
.

60.1% of the population lived below the national

poverty line, one of the higher figures in the country.[20]

Districts of Badakhshan Province
District Capital Population[4] Area
in km2 		Pop.
density
Arghanj Khwa 18,201 2,327 8
Argo 88,616 1,059 84
Baharak Baharak 32,551 324 101
Darayim 69,618 585 119
Fayzabad Fayzabad 77,154 497 155
Ishkashim Ishkashim 15,677 1,415 11
Jurm Jorm 42,671 1225 35
Khash 43,046 243 177
Khwahan Khwahan 18,734 698 27
Kishim Mashhad 91,407 767 119
Kohistan 18,733 494 38
Kuf Ab
Qal`eh-ye Kuf
 25,243 1,439 18
Keran wa Menjan
Keran wa Menjan
 10,761 4,712 2
Maimay (Darwaz-e Payin) Jamarj-e Bala 29,893 1,217 25
Nusay
(Darwaz-e Bala)		 Nusay 26,173 1,589 16
Raghistan Ziraki 44,773 1,321 34
Shahri Buzurg
Shahri Buzurg
 59,123 942 63
Sheghnan
Shughnan
 31,487 1,968 16
Shekay Jarf 29,760 635 47
Shuhada 39,061 1,244 31
Tagab 31,753 1,401 23
Tishkan 33,746 821 41
Wakhan Khandud 16,873 10,930 2
Warduj 24,712 684 36
Yaftali Sufla 59,654 606 98
Yamgan 29,096 1,744 17
Yawan 36,669 431 85
Zebak Zebak 8,902 2,057 4
Badakhshan 1,054,087 44,836 24

Notable people from Badakhshan

See also

References

  1. ^ "Mohammad Ayub Khalid was introduced as the governor of Badakhshan". 14 September 2023.
  2. ^ Ahmadi, Esmatullah (22 August 2021). "Drug addicts' collection campaign starts in Badakhshan".
  3. ^ "Afghanistan Provinces". www.statoids.com.
  4. ^ a b "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  5. ^ https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-afghanistan-2020/badakhshan]
  6. ^ a b "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Afghanistan's National Resistance Front formally announces guerrilla war against the Taliban from Badakhshan". India Narrative. 27 October 2021. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  8. ^ Kohzad, Nilly (15 December 2021). "What Does the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan Have to Offer?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  9. ^ Hansen, Cole; Dennys, Christian; Zaman, Idrees (1 February 2009). "Conflict analysis: Baharak district, Badakhshan province" (PDF). Chr. Michelsen Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  10. ^ "The 2015 Insurgency in the North (2): Badakhshan's Jurm district under siege". 14 September 2015.
  11. ^ USGS. "M7.5 – 45 km E of Farkhar, Afghanistan". United States Geological Survey.
  12. ^ a b c d Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre Archived 30 May 2014 at archive.today
  13. OCLC 61975619
  14. ^ Lapis lazuli was also found in the Urals Mountains in Russia. Deer et al. above
  15. ^ Entekhabi-Fard, Camelia (15 October 2002). "Northern Alliance Veteran Hopes Emeralds Are Key Part of Afghanistan's Economic Recovery". Eurasia Insight. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
  16. ^ a b "Afghanistan's gemstones" (PDF). Planet Earth. Winter 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  17. ^ Hamdard, Hidayatullah (20 January 2014). "Karzai assigns team to probe azure mine issue". Pajhwok Afghan News. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  18. ^ Mackenzie, James; Qadir Sediqi, Abdul (7 October 2018). "Afghanistan signs major mining deals in development push". Reuters. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  19. ^ "1 Badakhshan". Rkabuli.20m.com. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  20. ISBN 9781849042260
    .
  21. ^ DeWeese, Devin A. (4 May 2016). "Badakhshī, Nūr al-Dīn Jaʿfar". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE.
  22. ^ "BADAḴŠĪ, MOLLĀ SHAH". Encyclopedia Iranica.

Further reading

  • Burhanuddin Kushkaki. Rāhnamā-yi Qaṭaghan va Badakhshān. Kabul: Vizarat-i Ḥarbiyah, 1923.
  • Jan-Heeren Grevemeyer: Herrschaft, Raub und Gegenseitigkeit: Die politische Geschichte Badakhshans 1500–1883, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1982
  • Wolfgang Holzwarth: Segmentation und Staatsbildung in Afghanistan: Traditionale sozio-politische Organisation in Badakhshan, Wakhan und Sheghnan In: Berliner Institut für vergleichende Sozialforschung [Red.: Kurt Greussing u. Jan-Heeren Grevemeyer] (Hrsg.): Revolution in Iran und Afghanistan – mardom nameh – Jahrbuch zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft des Mittleren Orients Syndikat, Frankfurt am Main 1980,
    ISBN 3-8108-0147-X
    .

External links
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