Kabul Province
Kabul
کابل | |
---|---|
Pashto |
Kabul (
It borders the provinces of
Geography
Kabul is located between Latitude 34-31' North and Longitude 69-12' East at an altitude of 1800 m (6000 feet) above sea level, which makes it
The climate within region of Kabul is considered to be
History
History of Afghanistan | |
---|---|
Timeline | |
410–557 | |
Nezak Huns | 484–711 |
Kabul's history dates back more than 3,500 years. It was once the center of Zoroastrianism[4] and subsequently also a home for Buddhists and Hindus.
The native citizens of Kabul as per the records of the British Museum are Tajiks and Pashtuns.
The city was invaded by
.Timur, founder of the Timurid dynasty, invaded the region in 14th century and developed it into a major trading center. In 1504, the city fell to Babur from the north of the country and was made into his capital, which became one of the principal cities of his later Mughal Empire. In 1525, Babur described Kabulistan in his memoirs by writing that:
In the
For much of its time Kabul was independent until it became part of the
In 1919, King
In the 1960s and 1970s, Kabul was known as the Paris of central Asia as it was transforming into a European style city. Once the jewel of Asia, a very progressive and moderately modern capital. Kabul in those days had, modern cinemas, cafes, formal French gardens, schools, libraries, universities, fine boutiques. The inhabitants of Kabul known as "Kabulis" were highly educated, modern, progressive and cosmopolitan people. Where women and men attended primary school, high school and university. Mini-jupes (mini skirts) were a common sight in the 1970s. Highly educated, culturally aware and yet religious at the same time, there was never an issue with not having your hair covered or the clothes you wore in the Kabul of the 1960s and 1970s. This progressive peaceful society lasted until foreign interference occurred in the late 1970s plummeting the country to what Afghanistan has become today. In December 1979, Soviet armed forces landed at Kabul International Airport to help bolster the PDPA-led government of Afghanistan.
Kabul became the Soviet command center for approximately 10 years during their stay in Afghanistan. In February 1989, Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan after they were defeated by the Mujahideens. In spring of 1992 the government of Mohammad Najibullah collapsed, Kabul fell into the hands of Mujahideen forces. Destruction increased as the coalition of the parties broke into rival warring factions, and much of Kabul was damaged. In 1996 the Taliban took over the region and started a new strict Islamic Sharia rule which restricted most forms of education, entertainment, women from working, men from shaving beards, and many normal human activities or hobbies.
Less than a month after the
In early 2002 a
While the city is being developed, it is also the scene of occasional deadly suicide bombings and explosions carried out by the
Politics
Kabul was occupied by a number of mujahideen rebel groups and warlords before Najibullah's government collapsed in 1992. The city and province were contested by the various rebel forces who fought for power until it was captured by the Taliban in 1996. A new strict law was introduced by the Taliban. There was very little information on how Afghanistan was governed but the country had only one leader, Mullah Omar, the head of Taliban who fled to Pakistan after the US-led invasion on October 7, 2001. The Taliban laws were quickly abolished and humanities came in effect to enable Kabul to recover from the destruction caused by the mujahideen and Taliban forces. The 2002 loya jirga took place to solve the country's political problems.
Afghanistan adopted a new
Afghanistan's presidential
Economy
Kabul's products include: natural gas, cotton, wool, carpets, agriculture, and some small production companies. Kabul has trade partnerships with the UK, France, Germany, United States, India, South Korea, Turkmenistan, Kenya, Russia, Pakistan, China, Iran. Kabul's economy was influenced by the America and has increased by almost 3500% after shrinking for 25 years.[when?] A new currency was introduced to Afghans which helped the economy. New business was in the new regime. Many American industries were interested in the new Kabul and many new companies have since then opened their branches in Kabul. The Kabul City Centre Mall was built and has nearly 100 shops.[9]
The economy is at a boom level and is increasing dramatically. Housing costs are rising as are employee wages. The cost of living has increased dramatically which is a problem for the non-educated Afghans, who cannot support themselves. The UN helps Afghans in need of help by providing aid, food and school materials for schools. Many international aid organizations are contributing to the Afghan economy.
Tourism
In the 1960s and 70s most of Kabul's economy depended on tourism.[dubious ][citation needed] Kabul had textile, cotton production, and carpet production industries, but most of its economy came through tourism which it lost during its destruction.[citation needed]
Demographics and administration
As of 2022, the total population of Kabul province is 5,572,630,[3] of which about 85 percent live in the urban areas (mainly in the Kabul metropolitan area) while the remaining 15 percent are rural residents. It is one of the most ethnically diverse provinces.[10]
The city of
Districts
District | Capital | Population Estimate 2022[3] |
Area in km2[12] | Pop. density per km2 |
Ethnic data (%)[13] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagrami | Bagrami | 62,709 | 230 | 272 | Pashtuns (majority), Tajik[14] | |
Chahar Asyab |
Qalai Naeem | 41,452 | 246 | 168 | Pashtuns, Tajiks, and few Hazara[15] | |
Deh Sabz | Tarakhel |
61,115 | 525 | 117 | 70% Pashtuns 30% Tajiks[16] |
|
Farza | Dehnawe Farza | 24,313 | 85 | 287 | Mix Pashtuns and Tajiks[17] | Created in 2005 from Mir Bacha Kot District |
Guldara | Guldara | 25,907 | 84 | 310 | 70% Tajiks 30% Pashtuns[18] |
|
Istalif | Istalif | 37,998 | 108 | 354 | Mix of Tajik, Pashtun, and Hazara[19] | |
Kabul (city) | Kabul | 4,434,550 | 383 | 11,575 | 45% Tajiks, 25% Pashtuns, 25% Hazaras, 2% Uzbeks, 1% Turkmen, 1% Balochi, 1% Hindu.[11] | |
Kalakan | Kalakan | 34,278 | 73 | 470 | Predominantly Tajik and some Pashtuns[20] | |
Khaki Jabbar | Khak-i Jabbar | 16,209 | 590 | 27 | 95% Pashtuns 5% Tajiks[21] |
|
Mir Bacha Kot | Mir Bacha Kot | 59,122 | 62 | 956 | Tajiks and some Pashtun families[22] | Split in 2005 to create a new Farza District |
Mussahi | Mussahi | 26,439 | 119 | 222 | Pashtuns and a number of Tajik families[23] | |
Paghman | Paghman | 138,507 | 385 | 360 | 70% Pashtuns 30% Tajiks[24] |
|
Qarabagh | Qara Bagh | 86,358 | 214 | 403 | 60% Tajiks 40% Pashtuns[25] |
|
Shakardara | Shakar Dara | 93,001 | 271 | 344 | ||
Surobi |
Surobi | 62,709 | 1,314 | 48 | 90% Pashtuns 10% Pashais[28] |
|
Kabul | 5,204,667 | 4,524 | 1,150 | 44.8% Tajiks, 29.3% Pashtuns, 21.6% Hazaras, 1.7% Uzbeks, 0.9% Turkmens, 0.9% Balochi, 0.9% Hindus, 0.1% Pashai.[note 1] |
- ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.
Transportation
Transportation in Kabul is improving as the numbers of new vehicles and experienced drivers are increasing. There is public transportation service in the Kabul vicinity, but many roads are in disrepair. Drivers are also impeded by the large number of cyclists. More vehicles are seen in the city because people are purchasing cars. Taxi cabs are found everywhere in the city, also in most of the districts of Kabul.
Kabul's Milli Bus (National Bus) system, which has about 800 buses, provides service to the city and nearby areas. There are several new highways in the province, and the government has scheduled to rebuild most of the smaller roads. Funding for the roads comes from current drivers who must pay toll charges for driving on highways and major roads. The money is collected by the government through issuing motorists monthly, quarterly or annual inspection certificates that are affixed to the windshield of their vehicles.
Trucks are used to transport goods from one district to another, or to other cities of the country. The Afghan government, with the help of foreign companies or organizations, have begun work on many of Kabul's roads. Auto companies like Honda, Toyota, Ford Motor Company, and Chevrolet have also been reintroduced in Kabul.
Healthcare
The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 65% in 2005 to 56% in 2011.[29] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 46% in 2005 to 73% in 2011.[29]
Education
The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 58% in 2005 to 47% in 2011.[29] The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 46% in 2005 to 65% in 2011.[29]
Kabul is Afghanistan's center for education. People from all the provinces of the country come to Kabul for education. There are many schools and universities that have opened doors for men and women. In the 1970s, about 55% of Kabul's population was educated without materials or proper learning resources, but nowadays most of the young children are sent to work by their parents to support their living costs. The education rate has declined dramatically during the last 20 years. Most of the schools in Kabul were set as battle points during the wars and have been demolished.
List of universities in Kabul
- Afghanistan Technical Vocational Institute
- American University of Afghanistan
- Bakhtar University
- Kabul Medical University
- Kabul University
- Kardan University
- Karwan University
- Kateb University
- Maryam University
- National Military Academy of Afghanistan
- Polytechnical University of Kabul
List of schools in Kabul
- Abdul Rahim-e-Shaheed High School (for boys and girls (Year 1-Year 6))
- Ahmad Shah Baba High School (for boys, named after Ahmad Shah Durrani)
- Aisha-i-Durani School (or Mädchengymnasium Aysha-e Durani) and Wirtschaftsgymnasium für Mädchen Jamhuriat (German-Afghan schools for girls)
- Amani High School (German-Afghan school for boys founded in 1924)
- Durkhanai High School (for girls)
- Ghazi High School (for boys, names after Amanullah Khan)
- Ghulam Haider Khan High School
- Habibia High School (British-Afghan school founded in 1904 as Habibya College)
- International School of Kabul
- Lycée Esteqlal and Lycée Malalaï(French lycées founded in 1922 and 1932 respectively)
- Malalai High School (for girls, named after Malalai Anna)
- Malika Soraya High School (for girls, named after Queen Soraya Tarzi)
- Naderia High School (For Boys)
- Nazo Ana High School (for girls, named after Nazo Tokhi)
- Raman Baba High School (for boys, named after Rahman Baba)
- Sultana Razia High School (for girls)
Sports
Kabul is the center of annual buzkashi Cricket and football tournaments, where teams from all over of Afghanistan, and sometimes from neighboring Pakistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan participate. Sports is a daily routine for employees in Afghanistan, when they all join each other in tournaments and matches, specially soccer games. Golf is played at the Kabul Golf Club, which is a short drive from the capital near the Qargha water park. Cricket is the number-one sport in Afghanistan with big achievements. Annual cricket tournament happen under the name of Shpagizz and from all over Afghanistan teams attend in this tournament. Afghanistan cricket team has participated in world cups.
There are also
See also
- Provinces of Afghanistan
- Kabul City
- Kabulistan
References
- ^ "Taliban appoints new governors, police chiefs in key provinces". Amu TV. 27 November 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2022-23" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority. 1 April 2022.
- ^ SOUTH ASIA | Kabul: City of lost glories. BBC News (2001-11-12). Retrieved on 2010-10-19.
- ^ Zahir ud-Din Mohammad Babur (1525). "Events Of The Year 910". Memoirs of Babur. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ^ "The Road to Kabul: British armies in Afghanistan, 1839–1919". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-11-26. Retrieved 2011-02-11.
- ^ "Afghanistan 1919–1928: Sources in the India Office Records". British Library. Retrieved 2011-02-11.
1919 (May), outbreak of Third Anglo-Afghan War. British bomb Kabul and Jalalabad;
- ^ "U.S. blames Pakistan agency in Kabul attack". Reuters. September 22, 2011. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ^ Afghans Head for the Mall – IWPR Institute for War & Peace Reporting. Iwpr.net. Retrieved on 2010-10-19.
- ^ https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=senior_seminar [bare URL PDF]
- ^ University of Nebraska at Omaha; Matthew S. Baker, Stratfor. National Geographic Society. November 2003. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ "FAO in Afghanistan – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". www.fao.org. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
- ^ Ethnic demographic statistics taken from http://www.aims.org.af
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.aims.org.af. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Char Asiab (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.aims.org.af. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Farza (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Istalif (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Kalakan (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Khak-e-Jabbar (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Mir Bacha Kot (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Mussahi (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Paghman (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Qarabagh (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Shakardara (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ Waldman, Amy (7 January 2002). "A NATION CHALLENGED: RAVAGED REGION; A Fertile Valley Left Barren by the Taliban". The New York Times.
- ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Central Region – District Profile – Sarobi Archived 2011-06-15 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) Retrieved on 2011-1-22.
- ^ a b c d Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, "Pages - Kabul". Archived from the original on 2014-05-31. Retrieved 2014-05-30.