God in Abrahamic religions
Part of a series on |
Theism |
---|
Monotheism—the belief that there is only one deity—is the focus of the Abrahamic religions, which like-mindedly conceive God as the all-powerful and all-knowing deity[1] from whom Abraham received a divine revelation, per these religions' traditions.[2] The most prominent Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They, alongside Samaritanism, Druzism, the Baháʼí Faith,[3] and Rastafari,[3] all share a common core foundation in the form of worshipping Abraham's God, who is identified as Yahweh in Hebrew and called Allah in Arabic.[2][3] Likewise, the Abrahamic religions share similar features distinguishing them from other categories of religions:[4]
- all of their theological traditions are, to some extent, influenced by the depiction of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible;[6]
- all of them trace their roots to Abraham as a common genealogical and spiritual patriarch.[7]
In the Abrahamic tradition, God is one, eternal, omnipotent, omniscient, and the creator of the universe.[1] God is typically referred to with masculine grammatical articles and pronouns only,[1][8] and is further held to have the properties of holiness, justice, omnibenevolence, and omnipresence. Adherents of the Abrahamic religions believe that God is also transcendent, meaning that he is outside of both space and time and therefore not subject to anything within his creation, but at the same time a personal God: intimately involved, listening to individual prayer, and reacting to the actions of his creatures.
With regard to Christianity, religion scholars have differed on whether Mormonism belongs with mainstream Christian tradition as a whole (i.e., Nicene Christianity), with some asserting that it amounts to a distinct Abrahamic religion in itself due to noteworthy theological differences.[9][10] Rastafari, the heterogenous movement that originated in Jamaica in the 1930s, is variously classified by religion scholars as either an international socio-religious movement, a distinct Abrahamic religion, or simply a new religious movement.[11]
Judaism
Judaism, the oldest Abrahamic religion, is based on a strict,
God is conceived as unique and perfect, free from all faults, deficiencies, and defects, and further held to be
God in Judaism is conceived as anthropomorphic,[13][23][28] unique, benevolent, eternal, the creator of the universe, and the ultimate source of morality.[13][29] Thus, the term God corresponds to an actual ontological reality, and is not merely a projection of the human psyche.[30] Traditional interpretations of Judaism generally emphasize that God is personal yet also transcendent and able to intervene in the world,[24] while some modern interpretations of Judaism emphasize that God is an impersonal force or ideal rather than a supernatural being concerned with the universe.[13][30]
Christianity
Part of a series on |
Christianity |
---|
Most
In
Mormonism
In the belief system held by the Christian churches that adhere to the
Unitarianism
A small minority of Christians, largely coming under the heading of Unitarianism, hold Non-trinitarian conceptions of God.
Islam
Part of Jalla Jalālah in Arabic calligraphy |
Islam portal • Category |
In
Islam rejects the doctrine of the
Muslims believe that Allah is the same God worshipped by the members of the
Baháʼí Faith
Part of a series on the |
Baháʼí Faith |
---|
The writings of the Baháʼí Faith describe a monotheistic, personal, inaccessible, omniscient, omnipresent, imperishable, and almighty God who is the creator of all things in the universe.[58][59]: 106 The existence of God and the universe is thought to be eternal, without a beginning or end.[60]
Though transcendent and inaccessible directly,
The Manifestations of God reflect divine attributes, which are creations of God made for the purpose of spiritual enlightenment, onto the physical plane of existence.[63] In the Baháʼí view, all physical beings reflect at least one of these attributes, and the human soul can potentially reflect all of them.[64] The Baháʼí conception of God rejects all pantheistic, anthropomorphic, and incarnationist beliefs about God.[59]: 106
See also
- Ancient Canaanite religion
- Ancient Semitic religion
- Argument from morality
- Atenism
- Comparative religion
- Conceptions of God
- Creationism
- Demiurge
- Dystheism
- Ethical monotheism
- Evil God Challenge
- False god
- Gnosticism
- God of Abraham (Yiddish prayer)
- Mandaeism
- Misotheism
- Moralistic therapeutic deism
- Names of God
- Outline of theology
- Problem of evil
- Problem of Hell
- Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
- Satanic Verses
- Semitic Neopaganism
- Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions
- Theistic Satanism
- Theodicy
- Urmonotheismus (primitive monotheism)
- Violence in the Bible
- Violence in the Quran
Notes
References
- ^ S2CID 154932078.
- ^ ISSN 1388-3909.
- ^ a b c d e Abulafia, Anna Sapir (23 September 2019). "The Abrahamic religions". www.bl.uk. London: British Library. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ S2CID 127980793.
- ^ S2CID 157815976.
- ^ [1][2][3][4][5]
- ^ [1][2][3][4][5]
- S2CID 265057828.
- S2CID 142892455.
- ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archivedfrom the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- S2CID 143265918.
- ISSN 0098-9444. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 March 2012.
- ^ LCCN 2010035774.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ Van der Toorn 1999, pp. 362–363.
- ^ Betz 2000, pp. 916–917.
- LCCN 2012049271.
- ^ S2CID 236752143.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-513480-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
- ^ Van der Toorn 1999, pp. 352–365.
- ^ Niehr 1995, pp. 63–65, 71–72.
- ^ a b Van der Toorn 1999, pp. 361–362.
- ^ S2CID 213883058.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-27564-5.
- ^ S2CID 245169096.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-46847-4.
- ^ ISSN 0966-7393.
- OCLC 1565785.
- ^ S2CID 241520845.
- ^ S2CID 152458823. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- S2CID 170124789. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- S2CID 160590164. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- S2CID 191738355. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ S2CID 148616605.
- ^ ISBN 9781139000000.
- Trinitarianismis not forbidden to non-Jews.
- ^ ISBN 9781139001977.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
- ^
- ^ S2CID 146238056.
- Authorized King James Version, meaning divinity.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
- ISBN 978-90-04-14743-0.
- ^ S2CID 153364691.
- S2CID 153364691.
- ^ "Allah." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87808-299-5.
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, Allah
- ^ Annemarie Schimmel,The Tao of Islam: A Sourcebook on Gender Relationships in Islamic, SUNY Press, p.206
- ISBN 978-1-56564-583-7.
- ISBN 978-92-3-104258-4.
- ^ F.E. Peters, Islam, p.4, Princeton University Press, 2003
- S2CID 233646869.
- (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- S2CID 169122179.
- ISBN 978-0-06-065441-2 – via Archive.org.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-86251-6.
- ISBN 978-0-85229-486-4.
- ^ from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ Hatcher, John S. (2005). "Unveiling the Hurí of Love". The Journal of Baháʼí Studies. 15: –38. Retrieved 2020-10-16 – via Bahá'í Library Online.
- ISBN 978-0-06-065441-2 – via Archive.org.
- ISBN 978-1-55458-035-4 – via Archive.org.
Bibliography
- Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000). "Monotheism". In Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
- Bremer, Thomas S. (2015). "Abrahamic religions". Formed From This Soil: An Introduction to the Diverse History of Religion in America. S2CID 127980793.
- S2CID 170430270.
- Byrne, Máire (2011). The Names of God in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: A Basis for Interfaith Dialogue. LCCN 2010050008.
- Christiano, Kevin J.; Kivisto, Peter; Swatos, William H. Jr., eds. (2015) [2002]. "Excursus on the History of Religions". Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments (3rd ed.). S2CID 154932078.
- Cohen, Charles L. (2020). The Abrahamic Religions: A Very Short Introduction. LCCN 2019950996.
- S2CID 161791734.
- JSTOR j.ctt32bxpm.6.
- S2CID 157815976.
- Niehr, Herbert (1995). "The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion: Methodological and Religio-Historical Aspects". In Edelman, Diana Vikander (ed.). The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms. OCLC 33819403.
- S2CID 169456327.
- S2CID 226129509.
- S2CID 170740919.
- S2CID 187378834.
- ISBN 978-90-04-11119-6.
- ISBN 978-90-04-11119-6.
External links
- Abulafia, Anna Sapir (23 September 2019). "The Abrahamic religions". www.bl.uk. London: British Library. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- Amzallag, Nissim (August 2018). "Metallurgy, the Forgotten Dimension of Ancient Yahwism". The Bible and Interpretation. University of Arizona. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- Gaster, Theodor H. (26 November 2020). "Biblical Judaism (20th–4th century BCE)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 28 December 2020.