Marion County, Texas
Marion County | |
---|---|
UTC−5 (CDT) | |
Congressional district | 1st |
Website | www |
Marion County is a
History
Native Americans
The indigenous farming
County established
The legislature formed Marion County from Cass County in 1860 and named it for Revolutionary War Swamp Fox Francis Marion.[6] Jefferson, named after Thomas Jefferson became the county seat.[7]
The majority of the settlers had migrated from other southern states and brought enslaved African Americans with them as workers, or purchased them in slave markets. The county was developed as cotton plantations, and enslaved African Americans made up 51 percent of the population in 1860. In 1861, the white male voters in the county voted unanimously for secession from the Union. The county benefited financially from Confederate government contracts.[8]
In February 1869 the river steamboat Mittie Stephens caught fire from a torch basket that ignited a hay stack on board. Sixty-one people died, either from the fire or from being caught in the boat's paddlewheel as they jumped overboard.[9][10]
Following the Civil War, the white minority used violence to impose dominance on the freedmen. On October 4, 1869, George Washington Smith, a delegate to the state Constitutional Convention, was murdered by a band of vigilantes while incarcerated in Jefferson. Smith's slaying resulted in the federal government assigning military troops to Jefferson. They offered some protection for the black majority during the Reconstruction era.[11]
During Reconstruction, Republican presidential races were supported by the black majority voters in the county. However, with the end of Reconstruction, white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature and, in 1898, passed various restrictions on voter registration and voting, including establishing
The Marion County brick courthouse was erected in 1914, designed by architect Elmer George Withers.[14] In the early 20th century, the Dick Taylor Camp of Confederate veterans erected a monument to honor the county's dead in the American Civil War, placing it outside the courthouse.[15]
Caddo Lake State Park was first proposed in 1924. From 1933 to 1937, during the Great Depression, men were hired into the Civilian Conservation Corps and made improvements to the park. The former army barracks and mess hall were converted to log cabins and a recreation hall for park goers.[16]
Geography
According to the
Major highways
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Entering_Marion_County%2C_Texas%2C_from_Louisiana%2C_along_Texas_State_Highway_49.jpg/220px-Entering_Marion_County%2C_Texas%2C_from_Louisiana%2C_along_Texas_State_Highway_49.jpg)
U.S. Highway 59
Interstate 369 is under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 59 in most places.
State Highway 43
State Highway 49
State Highway 155
- Farm to Market Road 134
- Farm to Market Road 248
- Farm to Market Road 2208
- Farm to Market Road 726
- Farm to Market Road 729
- Farm to Market Road 727
- Farm to Market Road 805
- Farm to Market Road 2683
The TTC-69 component (recommended preferred) of the once-planned Trans-Texas Corridor went through Marion County.[18]
Adjacent counties and parish
- Cass County (north)
- Caddo Parish, Louisiana (east)
- Harrison County (south)
- Upshur County (west)
- Morris County (northwest)
Communities
- Corinth
- Jefferson (county seat)
- Pine Harbor
- Warlock
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 3,977 | — | |
1870 | 8,562 | 115.3% | |
1880 | 10,983 | 28.3% | |
1890 | 10,862 | −1.1% | |
1900 | 10,754 | −1.0% | |
1910 | 10,472 | −2.6% | |
1920 | 10,886 | 4.0% | |
1930 | 10,371 | −4.7% | |
1940 | 11,457 | 10.5% | |
1950 | 10,172 | −11.2% | |
1960 | 8,049 | −20.9% | |
1970 | 8,517 | 5.8% | |
1980 | 10,360 | 21.6% | |
1990 | 9,984 | −3.6% | |
2000 | 10,941 | 9.6% | |
2010 | 10,546 | −3.6% | |
2020 | 9,725 | −7.8% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[19] 1850–2010[20] 2010–2020[21] |
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[22] | Pop 2020[21] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
7,564 | 6,869 | 71.72% | 70.63% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
2,319 | 1,846 | 21.99% | 18.98% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
72 | 69 | 0.68% | 0.71% |
Asian alone (NH) | 50 | 48 | 0.47% | 0.49% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 3 | 0 | 0.03% | 0.00% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 8 | 45 | 0.08% | 0.46% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 202 | 459 | 1.92% | 4.72% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 328 | 389 | 3.11% | 4.00% |
Total | 10,546 | 9,725 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
According to the
The median income for a household in the county was $25,347, and the median income for a family was $32,039. Males had a median income of $30,584 versus $17,885 for females. The
Politics
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 3,470 | 71.34% | 1,339 | 27.53% | 55 | 1.13% |
2016 | 2,983 | 70.39% | 1,165 | 27.49% | 90 | 2.12% |
2012 | 2,733 | 63.83% | 1,495 | 34.91% | 54 | 1.26% |
2008 | 2,567 | 60.37% | 1,644 | 38.66% | 41 | 0.96% |
2004 | 2,441 | 56.14% | 1,884 | 43.33% | 23 | 0.53% |
2000 | 2,039 | 51.88% | 1,852 | 47.12% | 39 | 0.99% |
1996 | 1,260 | 34.45% | 2,028 | 55.46% | 369 | 10.09% |
1992 | 1,245 | 29.03% | 2,156 | 50.28% | 887 | 20.69% |
1988 | 1,857 | 44.97% | 2,255 | 54.61% | 17 | 0.41% |
1984 | 2,336 | 52.34% | 2,111 | 47.30% | 16 | 0.36% |
1980 | 1,666 | 44.66% | 2,015 | 54.02% | 49 | 1.31% |
1976 | 1,291 | 40.76% | 1,860 | 58.73% | 16 | 0.51% |
1972 | 1,680 | 60.22% | 1,106 | 39.64% | 4 | 0.14% |
1968 | 637 | 22.32% | 1,260 | 44.15% | 957 | 33.53% |
1964 | 927 | 40.25% | 1,372 | 59.57% | 4 | 0.17% |
1960 | 742 | 43.88% | 904 | 53.46% | 45 | 2.66% |
1956 | 1,126 | 60.93% | 709 | 38.37% | 13 | 0.70% |
1952 | 877 | 47.43% | 970 | 52.46% | 2 | 0.11% |
1948 | 200 | 18.48% | 703 | 64.97% | 179 | 16.54% |
1944 | 219 | 15.86% | 1,057 | 76.54% | 105 | 7.60% |
1940 | 167 | 11.76% | 1,253 | 88.24% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 129 | 12.31% | 919 | 87.69% | 0 | 0.00% |
1932 | 84 | 8.83% | 861 | 90.54% | 6 | 0.63% |
1928 | 443 | 40.90% | 640 | 59.10% | 0 | 0.00% |
1924 | 347 | 33.02% | 620 | 58.99% | 84 | 7.99% |
1920 | 392 | 34.69% | 430 | 38.05% | 308 | 27.26% |
1916 | 166 | 27.04% | 445 | 72.48% | 3 | 0.49% |
1912 | 85 | 18.48% | 339 | 73.70% | 36 | 7.83% |
See also
- Museums in East Texas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Texas
- Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Marion County
References
- ^ "Marion County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "Caddo Timeline". Texas Beyond History. UT-Austin. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ "Caddo History". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ISBN 978-1-885171-38-2.
- ^ The History of Marion County. Union Historical Company. 1881. pp. 248–249.
- ^ "Jefferson, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ Atkins, Mark Howard. "Marion County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ISBN 978-1-885696-35-9.
- ^ McDonald, PhD, Archie P. "The Mittie Stephens Disaster". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ Lale, Max S. "Stockade Case". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ Greenberg, Sanford N. "White Primary". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ Williams, Patrick G. “Suffrage Restriction in Post-Reconstruction Texas: Urban Politics and the Specter of the Commune.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 68, no. 1, 2002, pp. 31–64. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3069690. Accessed September 7, 2020.
- ^ "Marion County Courthouse". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ "Confederate Monument". Texas Confederate Veterans. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ "Caddo Lake State Park". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
- ^ TxDoT, TTC Section F, Detailed Maps 1 & 2, 2007-12-28 Archived February 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- US Census Bureau.
- ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
- ^ a b c "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Marion County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Marion County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ "2020 ACS Financial Characteristics". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 26, 2018.