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According to polls, approximately 1/4 of Americans self-identify as libertarians. While this group is not typically ideologically driven, the term "libertarian" is commonly used to describe the form of Libertarianism widely practiced in the US, and is the common meaning of the term libertarianism in the US. This form is often named "liberalism" elsewhere such as in Europe where "liberalism" has a different common meaning than in the US. In some academic circles this form is called "right-libertarianism" as a complement to Left-libertarianism, with acceptance of capitalism, as defined by that group, being the distinguishing feature [1].
Libertarian is a typology used to describe a political position that advocates small government and is culturally liberal and economically right-wing in a two dimensional political spectrum. The other major typologies are liberal, conservative and populist. Libertarians often support legalization of victimless crimes, such as the use of marijuana, while opposing high levels of taxation and government spending on health, welfare and education. The term libertarian was adopted in the United States where the word liberal had become associated with a version that supports extensive government spending on social policies. Libertarian also refers to an anarchist ideology that developed in the 19th century and to a version that developed in the United States that is avowedly pro-capitalist.
Libertarians advocate
Libertarian political thought is characterized by the strict priority given to
While influenced by classical liberal thought, with some viewing the modern libertarian movement as an outgrowth or as a variant of it, [7] there are significant differences. Edwin van de Haar argues that "confusingly, in the United States the term libertarianism is sometimes also used for or by classical liberals. But this erroneously masks the differences between them".[8] Classical liberalism refuses to give priority to liberty over order and therefore does not exhibit the hostility to the state which is the defining feature of libertarianism.[6] Subsequently, libertarians believe classical liberals favor too much state involvement,[9] arguing that they do not have enough respect for individual property rights and lack sufficient trust in the workings of the free market and its spontaneous order leading to support of a much larger state.[9] Libertarians also disagree with classical liberals as being too supportive of central banks and monetarist policies.[10]
- ^ Vallentyne 2007
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Rothbardwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Miller, Fred (15 August 2008). "Natural Law". The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ Baradat 2015, p. 31.
- ^ Vallentyne 2007
- ^ a b c d Heywood 2004, p. 337.
- ^ Goodman, John C. (20 December 2005). "What Is Classical Liberalism?". National Center for Policy Analysis. Retrieved 26 June 2019. Archived 9 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ van de Haar 2015, p. 71.
- ^ a b van de Haar 2015, p. 42.
- ^ van de Haar 2015, p. 43.