Vakkom Moulavi
Vakkom Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi | |
---|---|
Born | Mohammed Abdul Khader 28 December 1873 Swadeshabhimani, Scholar and Reformer.[2] |
Title | Father of Muslim Community Reform in Kerala |
Movement | Islahi (Reformist Salafism) |
Spouse | Aamina Umma |
Children | 10 |
Parents |
|
Vakkom Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi (
Early life and family
Moulavi was born in 1873 in
His father, a prominent merchant, engaged a number of scholars from distant places, including an itinerant Arab savant, to teach him every subject he wished to learn. Moulavi made such rapid progress, that some of his teachers soon found that their stock of knowledge was exhausted and at least one of them admitted that had learnt from his student more than he could teach him. In a short time, Moulavi had learnt many languages including Arabic, Persian, Tamil, Urdu, Sanskrit and English. his ancestral background likewise contributed to his learning and growth in several ways. Muhammad Kannu argues that this family heritage helped Vakkom Moulavi to master the Tamil and Urdu languages.
In early 1900s, Moulavi was married to Haleema, daughter of Aliyar Kunju Poonthran Vilakom and Pathumma Kayalpuram. Moulavi - Haleema couple had one son Abdul Salam. Haleema died soon after the birth of their first child. A year later, Moulavi married Aamina Ummal. The couple had ten children, includes Abdul Hai, Abdul Vahab, Abdul Khader Jr. Abdul Haque, Obaidullah, Ameena, Yahiya, Sakeena, Mohammed Eeza and Mohammed Iqbal. His sons, Abdul Salam, Abdul Vahab and Mohammed Eeza were writers and scholars of Islamic studies, and Abdul Khader Jr was a writer, literary critic and journalist. One of his nephews,
Journalism and Swadeshabhimani
Maulavi started the
After the confiscation of the press, Moulavi concentrated more on social and cultural activities, becoming a social leader, also writing several books. Daussabah and Islam Matha Sidantha Samgraham are original works, while Imam Ghazali's Keemiya-e- Saadat, Ahlu Sunnathuwal Jammath, Islamic Sandesam, Surat-ul fathiha are translations.
Social Reformation
Vakkom Moulavi defined religious
Explaining his vision of
"Preach sermons, publish articles in newspapers and journals, distribute pamphlets, publish books, and as far as religious education at madrasas is concerned, depend only on the Qur’an and hadith, for its comprehension use only those books and interpretations written by free-thinking great souls (mahatmas), who are not biased towards any particular madhhab....Propagate among the people the teachings of the Qur’an, the words and actions of the Rasul, the practices of the predecessors (Salaf), and true principles related to Tawhid. Point out their beliefs and practices that contradict it and instruct them to reject it. Direct them to accept Kitab and Sunnah as the sole criterion for beliefs and practices."[14]
Moulavi is considered one of the greatest reformers in the
Vakkom Moulavi believed that the
As a result of the continuous campaigning of Moulavi throughout the State, the Maharaja's Government introduced the teaching of Arabic in all state schools where there were Muslim pupils, and offered them fee concessions and scholarships. Girls were totally exempted from payment of fees. Moulavi wrote text books for children to learn Arabic, and a manual for training Arabic instructors for primary schools. At the instance of Moulavi Abdul Qadir the State Government soon instituted qualifying examinations for Arabic teachers of which he was made the chief examiner.[23]
There were many other dubious practices in the Muslim community of the time, such as the dowry system, extravagant expenditure on weddings, celebration of annual "urs" and Moharrum with bizarre unIslamic features bordering on idolatrous rituals. Moulavi launched his campaign against such practices with the help of his disciples, and with the co-operation of other learned men who shared his views and ideals.
He also tried to create unity among Muslims, starting the All Travancore Muslim Mahajanasabha[27] and Chirayinkil Taluk Muslim Samajam, and worked as the chairman of the Muslim Board of the Government of Travancore. His activities were further instrumental in the establishment of "Muslim Aikya Sangham",[28] a united Muslim forum in Eriyad, Kodungalloor for all the Muslims of the Travancore, Cochin and Malabar regions,with K M Moulavi, K M Seethi Sahib, Manappat Kunju Mohammed Haji and helped guide the Lajnathul Mohammadiyya Association of Alappuzha, Dharma Bhoshini Sabha of Kollam amongst others.[citation needed] In 1931, he founded the Islamia Publishing House, with his eldest son Abdul Salam supervising the translation into Malayalam and publication of Allama Shibli's biography of Omar Farooq in two volumes under the title Al Farooq.
Death
'Abd al-Qadir Moulavi died on October 31, 1932 CE /1351 A.H. His funeral rites were conducted by his disciples strictly according to the
See also
Further reading
- Muhammedkannu, Haji M. (1981). Vakkom Moulavi. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
- Vakkom Moulaviyude Thiranjedutha Krithikal [Selected Works of Vakkom Moulavi]. Vakkom Moulavi Publications. 1979.
- Kurzman, Charles, ed. (2002). Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press.
- Muhammed, Jamal (2013). Swadeshabhimani Vakkom Moulavi. Kozhikode: Islamic Publishing House.
- Sreekumar, P. (2013). "Book Note About a Biography by Dr. T. Jamal Muhammed". Academia. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021.
See Also (social reformers of Kerala)
- Sree Narayana Guru
- Dr. Palpu
- Kumaranasan
- Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan
- Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi
- Vaghbhatananda
- Mithavaadi Krishnan
- Moorkoth Kumaran
- Mahatma Ayyankali
- Ayya Vaikundar
- Pandit Karuppan
References
- ^ Iqbal, Sabin (9 August 2019). "Vakkom Moulavi: My Grandfather, the Rebel". Open Magazine.
- ^ Template:Cite book Muslim Deepika
- ^ "Vakkom Moulaviyude 'al-Islam' Lakkangalude Samaharam Shradhayakarshikkunnu" [Collection of 'al-Islam' by Vakkom Moulavi Draws Attention]. Milli Report. 2017. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019.
- ^ Tanvir, Mustafa (2 June 2017). "Vakkom Moulavi". Chandrika.
- ^ Koya, S. M. Mohamed (1983). Mappilas of Malabar: Studies in Social and Cultural History. Kozhikode: Sandhya Publications. p. 80.
- ^ JSTOR 23345936.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-264-1222-8.
- ^ "Vakkom Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi". Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen - K. N. M. Official Portal. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020.
- ^ "CHAPTER III. Religious Groups and their Theological Differences". Religiondocbox.com.
- ISBN 978-1-137-37884-2.
- ^ Koshy, M. J. (1972). Constitutionalism in Travancore and Cochin. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Historical Society. pp. 18–19.
- ^ Nayar, K. Balachandran (1974). In Quest of Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram: Accent Publications. pp. 65 and 160.
- ISBN 978-1-137-38313-6.
- ISBN 978-1-137-38313-6.
- ^ a b "Vakkom Moulavi". Proceedings of the 19th South India History Congress. 19: 239 and 345. 2000.
- ^ Muhammedali, T. (2010). "Islamic Reform and Modernity in Kerala: Reflections from a Local Movement in Malabar". Journal of the Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities. 5 – via Research Gate.
Due to the vital contributions of Vakkom Moulavi he is considered as the father of Muslim Renaissance in Kerala.
- ^ "Towards Modern Kerala". School Textbook, Standard X (PDF). Government of Kerala. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2008.
- ^ Samad, M. Abdul (1998). Islam in Kerala: Groups and Movements in the 20th Century. Laurel Publications. p. 67.
- ^ Bahauddin, K. M . (1992). Kerala Muslims: The Long Struggle. Sahitya Pravarthaka Cooperative Society (Modern Book Centre).
- ^ "Vakkom Moulavi". Journal of Kerala Studies. 17. University of Kerala: 134. 1990.
- ^ Malayalam Literary Survey. Kerala Sahitya Academy. 1984. p. 50.
- ISBN 978-1-137-38313-6.
- ^ Mohammed, U. Educational Empowerment of Kerala Muslims: A Socio-Historical Perspective. Kozhikode: Other Books. pp. 36 and 56–58.
- ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1979). Social and Cultural History of Kerala. Sterling. p. 210.
- ^ Ayyar, K. V. Krishna (1966). A Short History of Kerala. Pai.
- ^ Sen, Siba Pada (1979). Social and Religious Reform Movements in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Kolkata: Institute of Historical Studies. p. 389.
- ISBN 9788126110391.
- ^ Sharma, Narinder, ed. (1981). "Muslim Resurgence in Kerala". Proceedings of the South India History Congress. II: 183.
- ^ a b Rida, Muhammad Rashid (December 1932). "Wafayatul A'ayan - al-Shaykh Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir al-Malabari" [Notable Deaths - Shaykh Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir of Malabar]. Al-Manar. 32: 793–797 – via archive.org.