470s

The 470s decade ran from January 1, 470, to December 31, 479.

Events

470

• Emperor
  Somme River
  .
• The
  Santo Stefano Rotondo at Rome
  is consecrated (approximate date).

• Odoacer becomes the leader of the Germanic tribes (Herulic – Scirian foederati) in Northern Italy (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• bishop of Vienne, introduces the Rogation days (a three days' procession involving prayer to invoke God
  's mercy).

• conspiracy against Aspar (magister militum), helping in his murder at Constantinople
  .

• The army of King Ceretic of Strathclyde raids the Irish coast, carries off some of Saint Patrick's followers, and sells them into slavery (approximate date).

Europe

• The
  Auvergne
  is besieged.
• The Goths, led by Theodoric Strabo, revolt in Thrace after the assassination of Aspar. Leo I sends Basiliscus to suppress the uprising.
• Theodoric the Great, age 17, succeeds his father Theodemir as king of the Ostrogoths, settling his people in lower Moesia (Balkans).

Asia

• The ruler of the nomadic Tuoba tribal state in Northern China adopts a Chinese surname, and will rule Northern Wei as Xiao Wen Di, until his death in 499.

By topic

Religion

• Acacius becomes patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Gennadius I
  .

• The Western Roman Empire enters a period of unrest. Relations between Ricimer, de facto ruler, and Emperor Anthemius deteriorate completely. Epiphanius, bishop of Pavia, negotiates a peace agreement.
• July 11 – Anthemius, besieged in the part of Rome he controls until his troops are defeated, is caught while fleeing the city disguised as a supplicant in the Old St. Peter's Basilica (or at the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere), and later beheaded by Gundobad or Ricimer. Ricimer proclaims Olybrius emperor. Ricimer's nephew, the Burgundian general Gundobad, assumes command of the Western army and holds de facto power in the Empire.
• August 18 – Ricimer dies at his palace of malignant fever, vomiting blood.
• November 2 – Olybrius dies of dropsy. During his four months' rule he has been mainly interested in religion.
• Mount Vesuvius erupts. During the volcanic eruption the whole of southern Europe is blanketed by ash.

473

• March 3 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Emperor Leo I refuses to recognize him, and chooses Julius Nepos as candidate to the Western throne.
• October 25 – Leo I grants his grandson Leo II, age 6, the title of Caesar (approximate date).

Balkans

• Theodoric Strabo signs a peace treaty with Leo I, and according to the terms the Goths are paid with an annual tribute of 2,000 pounds of gold. Leo gives him an independent state in Thrace and he obtains the rank of magister militum.
• The
  migrate to Macedonia and Moesia, from whence they ravage the Balkans
  .

• King Euric orders the invasion of Italy, but is defeated by Glycerius. The Visigoths withdraw to Gaul, and conquer the cities of Arles and Marseille.
• Gundobad returns to Burgundy, where his father Gondioc has died, and becomes king of the Burgundians.

474

• January 18 – Emperor Leo I dies of dysentery at Constantinople, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old grandson Leo II, who briefly becomes ruler of the Byzantine Empire.^[1]
• Augustus
  ). He rules the empire together with his son, and stabilises the Eastern frontier.
• June 24 – Julius Nepos arrives at Portus, and marches on Ravenna. He forces Glycerius to abdicate the throne, and proclaims himself emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• Glycerius is exiled to
  bishop of Salona. Neither the Senate nor the Gallo-Roman aristocracy decide to resist, and Nepos accepts the imperial purple
  .
• November 17 – Leo II dies of an unknown disease (possibly poisoned by his mother Ariadne), after a reign of 10 months. Zeno becomes sole Eastern Emperor.^[2]
• Winter – Zeno sends an
  Genseric. He succeeds in an agreement with the Vandals, to secure the commercial routes in the Mediterranean
  .

• A statue of a Standing Buddha from Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, (during the Gupta period) is made. It is now kept at the Sarnath Museum in India (source states the creation date as 1st to 2nd century BCE).

475

• Eastern Roman Empire. He begins a 20-month reign; Zeno and his supporters flee to Isauria.^[3]
• christological position. These religious views will make him highly unpopular.^[4]
• Summer – Emperor Julius Nepos grants the Visigoth King Euric legal tenure of his conquests, which include Provence (region of Gaul), in exchange for full independence.^[5]
• August 28 – Magister Militum Orestes takes control of the government in Ravenna, and forces Julius Nepos to flee to Dalmatia.^[6]
• October 31 – Romulus Augustus is installed as emperor by his father Orestes, who becomes regent in effect of the Western Roman Empire. Augustus will ultimately rule for 10 months, as the last Western Emperor.^[7]

Asia

• Bodhidharma, Buddhist monk, travels to China and, begins teaching the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (approximate date).^[8]
• Gongju becomes the capital of Baekje, and is threatened by Goguryeo, who conquers the Han River valley (Korea).^[9]
• Munju becomes king of Baekje.^[10]

Byzantine Empire

• Great fire in
  Zeus from Olympia
  .

By topic

Art

• A Bodhisattva (detail of a wall painting in the Ajanta Caves) in Maharashtra (India) of the Gupta period) is made (approximate date).^[11]

Religion

• The compilation of the Babylonian Talmud, the source of the majority of Jewish Halakha, is completed.^[12]
• The Church of Saint Simeon Stylites is consecrated in Syria.^[13]

476

• Summer –
  mercenaries for their services and their support of his rebellion a year earlier, by making good on his promise to grant them lands to settle permanently in Italy
  . Orestes refuses this proposal and Odoacer leads his tribesmen in a revolt.
• Eastern Roman Empire. With the support of his adviser Illus, he besieges Constantinople, but the Senate opens the gates, allowing him to resume the throne. Basiliscus flees to sanctuary in a church, but surrenders himself and his family after extracting a solemn promise from Zeno not to shed their blood. Basiliscus is sent to a fortress in Cappadocia, where he later dies from starvation
  .
• August 23 – Odoacer, age 43, is proclaimed rex Italiae ("king of Italy") by his troops. He leads his Ostrogoth army into the Po Valley, and advances to Ravenna while plundering the countryside.
• August 28 – Orestes is arrested by Odoacer near Piacenza, and swiftly executed.
• Fall of Western Rome, and is traditionally used by historians to mark the beginning of the European Middle Ages.^[14][15]
• Julius Nepos, de jure ruler, becomes legally the last "Western Roman Emperor". He governs Dalmatia (Balkans), Morocco, and Northwest Gaul until his death in 480, but has no effective power on the Italian Peninsula.
• Odoacer crosses the
  Marseilles, after a victorious battle against the Burgundians
  .
• The Visigoths under King Euric march into Italy, and suffer defeat against the forces of Odoacer. Emperor Zeno concludes a peace treaty between the Goths and Odoacer surrenders the newly conquered territory in Gaul. Euric pledges himself to undertake no further hostilities.
• The Roman Senate petitions Zeno to recognize Nepos as deposed and take the sole emperorship himself, abolishing the 81 year-long east/west division of the empire and recognizing Odoacer's authority in Italy. Zeno declines the first request, but names Odoacer Patricius, investing his rule with Imperial legitimacy.
• Winter – Zeno recognizes the full extent of the Vandal Kingdom, including all of western Africa, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. King Gaiseric gives Sicily, with the exception of the city of Lilybaeum, to Odoacer in return for tribute.

India

• The birth of Aryabhata is traditionally regarded as the beginning of the classical period of Indian mathematics and astronomy.

China

• Feng. She assumes regency over the young Xiao Wen Di
  .

• Peter the Fuller is restored as patriarch of Antioch.

477

• Catholics in Africa
  .

• The independent Mauro-Roman Kingdom (Kingdom of the Moors and Romans) is formed by Christian Berbers in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis (present-day northern Algeria), bordering the Vandal Kingdom to the east.

Europe

• Britons engage him upon landing, but his superior force besieges them at Pevensey and drives them into the Weald. Over the next nine years, Saxon
  coastal holdings are gradually expanded.

• Armatus, Byzantine military commander (magister militum), is killed by order of emperor Zeno, being murdered by his own friend Onoulphus after supporting the rebellion of his uncle Basiliscus in 475.

China

• Liu Zhun, age 10, becomes Emperor Shun of the Liu Song dynasty after his brother Houfei is assassinated by general Xiao Daocheng. He installs Shun as puppet ruler and sets himself up as regent. Xiao receives near-imperial powers, establishes Buddhism as the state religion and sets up the "Three Leaders" system, under which native hamlet, village and district officers are responsible for taxation and conscription.
• Northern Wei dynasty in 477. Yang Xuanzhi, in the Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang (547), and Li Xian, in the Ming Yitongzhi (1461), concur with Daoxuan's location and attribution. For alternate founding date, see 495 or 497
  ).
• Earliest date for the oldest known painted depiction of a horse collar, on a cave mural of Dunhuang, during the Northern Wei dynasty.

Asia

• Samgeun becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Baekje.^[17]

478

• Ostrogoth warlord Theodoric Strabo, but Illus again proves his loyalty to Zeno by quashing the revolt in 479
  .

• The first Shinto shrines are built in Japan.
• The Liu Song dynasty ends in China.
• Northern Wei Dynasty. The Chinese emperor responds by confirming the Japanese dynasty in those titles. This is the earliest verifiable date in Japanese history
  .

• Ambrosius Aurelianus, war leader of the Romano-British, is proclaimed king of the Britons (according to Historia Regum Britanniae). He rules probably in the south of Britain, and continues the war against the Anglo-Saxons.

Europe

• King Theodoric the Great starts a 4-year campaign against the Byzantine Empire. The Ostrogoths ravage the Roman provinces (Moesia and Thrace), and threaten the capital of Constantinople itself.
• Julius Nepos, former emperor of the Western Roman Empire, plots military plans in Dalmatia against Odoacer, hoping to regain control of Italy himself.

Asia

• Summer – The
  Wang Zhenfeng are killed by the imperial guard, near the vicinity of the capital Jiankang
  .
• Dongseong becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Baekje.^[17]
• Soji becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.^[17]

Significant people

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Births

470

• Buddhapālita, Indian Madhyamaka scholar (d. 550)
• Caesarius, bishop of Arles (approximate date)
• Dionysius Exiguus, inventor of the Anno Domini era (approximate date)
• Endelienta, Welsh princess and saint (approximate date)
• Ferreolus of Rodez, Roman senator (approximate date)
• Finnian of Clonard, Irish monastic saint (d. 549)
• approximate date – Pope John I

472

• Emilian of Cogolla, Iberic abbot
  and saint (approximate date)

• Xiao Zhaoye, Chinese emperor of Southern Qi (known as the Prince of Yulin) (d. 494)
• Kavad I, king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire from 488 to 531, with an interruption of two years

474

• Abraham of Kratia, Christian monk, saint
  (approximate date)
• Anthemius of Tralles, Greek architect, mathematician (approximate date)
• Clotilde, Christian wife of Clovis I, ancestress of the succeeding Merovingian kings (Approximate date) (d.545)
• Magnus Felix Ennodius, bishop, Latin poet (approximate date)

475

• Íte of Killeedy, Irish nun (approximate date)^[18]
• Roman senator (approximate date)^[19]

• December – Aryabhata, Indian mathematician and astronomer (d. 550)
• Hilary of Galeata, Christian monk and saint (d. 558)

478

• Narses, Byzantine general (d. 573)

479

• Ruan Xiaoxu, bibliography writer (d. 536)

Deaths

470

• K'inich Popol Hol, king of the Maya city of Copán
• West Roman Empire
  (executed)

• August 25 – Gennadius I, patriarch of Constantinople
• Ardabur, Roman general and son of Aspar
• Aspar, Alan patrician and general (magister militum)
• Eudocia, Vandal queen and daughter of Valentinian III (approximate date)
• Julius Patricius
  , Roman general and son of Aspar (approximate date)

472

• July 11 – Anthemius, emperor of the Western Roman Empire
• August 18 – Ricimer, de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire
• Liu Song Dynasty (b. 439
  )
• Olybrius, emperor of the Western Roman Empire

473

• Euthymius the Great, abbot and bishop (b. 377)
• Gondioc, king of Burgundy (approximate date)

474

• January 18 – Leo I, Byzantine emperor (b. 401)
• November 17 – Leo II, Byzantine emperor (b. 467)
• Theodemir, king of the Ostrogoths (approximate date)

475

• May 27 – Eutropius, bishop of Orange^[20]
• Flavius Magnus, Roman consul^[21]
• Gaero, king of Baekje (Korea)^[22]
• bishop of Vienne^[23]
• Tonantius Ferreolus, praetorian prefect^[24]

476

• August
  • Basiliscus, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
  • Marcus, co-Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
• August 28 – Orestes, Roman politician and regent
• Xian Wen Di, Chinese Emperor of Northern Wei (b. 454)

477

• Genseric, king of the Vandals and Alans
• Armatus, Byzantine general (magister militum)
• Basina, queen of Thuringia (Germany)
• Liu Song Dynasty (b. 463
  )
• Liu Bing, high official of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 433)
• Munju, king of Baekje (Korea)^[17]
• Coptic Orthodox patriarch of Alexandria
• Yuan Can, high official of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 420)

478

• Lupus of Troyes, French bishop and saint (approximate date)
• Shen Youzhi, Chinese general of Liu Song

479

• Samgeun, king of Baekje (Korea)^[17]
• Liu Song (b. 467
  )
• Wang Zhenfeng, empress of Liu Song (b. 436)^[25]
• Yuan He, high official of Northern Wei (b. 403)
• Yūryaku, emperor of Japan

References