Cebrene
Greek: Κεβρήνη | |
  Shown within Turkey | |
| Location | Turkey |
|---|---|
| Region | Çanakkale Province |
| Coordinates | 39°44′39″N 26°33′59″E / 39.74417°N 26.56639°E |
Cebrene (
Ancient Greek: Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Τρωάδος) for a period during the 3rd century BCE (see below). Its archaeological remains have been located on Çal Dağ in the forested foothills of Mount Ida (modern Kaz Dağı), approximately 7 km to the south of the course of the Skamander.[1] The site was first identified by the English amateur archaeologist Frank Calvert in 1860.[2]
History
diobol
of CebreneFoundation
The earliest Greek archaeological remains found at Cebren date to the mid-7th and early 6th century BCE and were found together with indigenous pottery, suggesting that to begin with the city was a mixed Greco-Anatolian community.Gergis.[6]
Classical Period
In the 5th century BCE Cebren was a member of the
Artabazos.[9] At some point in the 4th century BCE Cebren produced coinage depicting a satrap's head as the obverse type, indicating the city's close relationship with its Persian overlords.[10] Cebren ceased to exist as an independent city ca. 310 when Antigonus I Monophthalmus founded Antigonia Troas (after 301 BCE renamed Alexandria Troas) and included Cebren in the synoecism.[11]
Antiocheia in the Troad
A rare series of bronze coins display the obverse and reverse types of Cebren (ram's head/head of Apollo), but bear the legend Ἀντιοχέων (Antiocheōn, '(coin of the) Antiocheis'). On the basis of these coins it has been argued, most notably by the French epigrapher
surface survey at Çal Dağ, and as such definitive answers regarding the settlement history of the site in the 3rd century BCE will have to await a full excavation.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Cook (1973) 327-31.
- ^ Cook (1973) 327.
- ^ Cook (1973) 336-7, 359.
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 3.1.18 with Mitchell (2004).
- ^ Aeolian: Ps-Scylax, Periplus 96. Cumaean: Ephorus, Brill's New Jacoby 70 F 10, with the doubts of Cook (1973) 337.
- ^ Cook (1973) 401 no. 18.
- ^ Mitchell (2004).
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 3.1.17-18, cf. more briefly Diodorus Siculus 14.38.3.
- ^ Demosthenes 23.154.
- ^ Mitchell (2004).
- ^ Strabo 13.1.33, 47.
- ^ Robert (1951) 16-31. Robert cites two further documents which he thinks proves the continued existence of Cebren in the early 2nd century BCE: the Theorodokoi lists of Delphi (Plassart (1921) 8, lines 20-1) and an inscription from Assos (Merkelbach (1976) no. 4). Cook (1973) 342-3 shows that Cebren is an incorrect restoration in the Theorodokoi list, which in any case date to the 230s or 220s, while the most recent editor dates the inscription from Assos to ca. 330-310 BCE.
- ^ Cook (1973) 338-44, (1988).
- ^ Cook (1973) 6, 339.
Bibliography
- A. Plassart, ‘Inscriptions de Delphes: la liste de théorodoques’ BCH 45 (1921) 1-85.
- L. Robert, Études de Numismatique Grecque (Paris, 1951) 16–31.
- J. M. Cook, The Troad: An Archaeological and Topographical Study (Oxford, 1973) 327–44.
- R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Assos, Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 4 (Bonn 1976).
- J. M. Cook, 'Cities in and around the Troad' ABSA 83 (1988) 7-19.
- S. Mitchell, 'Kebren' in M. H. Hansen and T. H. Nielsen (eds), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford, 2004) no. 780.
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