Euchaita
Euchaita (Εὐχάϊτα) was a
Euchaita gained prominence during the later Roman and Byzantine periods as a significant cultic center for the veneration of Anatolian saint Theodore Tiron. Between the 7th and 11th centuries, following the early Muslim conquests, it transitioned into a military outpost. However, with the Turkish conquest of Anatolia in the late 11th century, Euchaita's importance diminished.[2] In Ottoman times, Euchaita was mostly depopulated, but there was a remnant village known as Avhat or Avkat.
Today the Turkish village Beyözü, in the Anatolian province of Çorum (in the subprovince of Mecitözü, Turkey), partly lies on the ruins.
History
Euchaita, in the
Its episcopal see was originally a
It became an
A hagiography of the 8th or 9th century claims that the relics of Saint Theodore were at this time still located at Amaseia, but that the Christians of Euchaita with increasing persistence were asking for their transfer to their own city, claiming that this had been the wish of the saint himself when he was alive. [4] Euchaita became a full
In 972, Emperor John I Tzimiskes renamed the neighbouring Euchaneia, whose exact relation or identity with Euchaita is unclear,[5] into Theodoropolis.[3] The town is recorded as having a vibrant fair during the festival of St. Theodore in the middle of the 11th century. After the Battle of Manzikert (1071), Euchaita was at the frontier of the Turkish conquest, and there are no more records about its fate.[3] The settlement was most likely depopulated, and from the 12th century, it was within the Seljuk Sultanate.
By the 16th century, under
Episcopal Ordinaries
- Bishops
- Peter Mongus (c. 447)[8]
- Mamas (acceded under Anastasius I Dicorus, r. 491—518)[9]
- unknown
- John (6th c.)
- unknown
- Archbishops
- Epiphanios (before 681—later 692), attended the Ecumenical Third Council of Constantinople (680–681, which repudiated as heresies Monothelitism and Monoenergism) and the disciplinary Quinisext Council at Trullo in 692
- unknown
- Theophylact (in 787), participated in the Ecumenical Second Council of Nicaea in 787
- Peter (c. 7th/8th c.)[10]
- Metropolitans
- Euthymios (Euphemianos) (9th c.), expelled[11]
- Euthymius (Euphemianus) (869/870—later 882/886), got a second term
- Theodorus Santabarenos (880—886)
- Symeon (9th c.)
- Philaretos (in 945)[12]
- Philotheos (fl. 963—971), synkellos[13]
- Theophilus (?—?)
- Symeon (early 11th c.)[14]
- Michael (1028—1032)[15]
- Manuel (Emmanuei) (11th c.), synkellos[16]
- Eustratios
- John Mauropous (fl. 1047), protosynkellos
- Nikolaos (in 1054)
- Theodore (before 1082)
- Basil (1082—1092)
- unknown metropolitan (1157)
- Constantine (1161—1171)
- Leo (1173)
- unknown metropolitan (1185)
- Basil (1260)
- Alexius (1275)
- unknown metropolitan (1318)
- Titular metropolitans
In 1327, the sees of Euchaita,
. From the 17th century, titular metropolitans were consecrated in Wallachia.- Meletius (1632)
- Jacob (1656)
- Parthenius (1674)
- Joasaph (later 1674)
- unknown
- Synesius (1835—1840)
- vacant
Latin Titular archbishopric
The archbishopric was nominally restored in 1922 as Latin
- Bernard Adriaan Gijlswijk (O.P.) (2 December 1922 – 22 December 1944)
- Octavio Antonio Beras Rojas (O.P.) (2 May 1945 – 10 December 1961)
- Bolesław Kominek (19 March 1962 – 28 June 1972).
Archaeology
From 2006 to 2012, there were archaeological excavations led by John Haldon of Princeton University. The Avkat Archaeological Project was a collaboration between Princeton University, Trent University, the College of Charleston, the University of Birmingham, Ankara University and the Middle East Technical University (Ankara). The excavation report was published in 2018.[18]
References
- ^ J.G.C. Anderson, A Journey of Exploration in Pontus (1903), p. 9.
- , retrieved 2024-02-08
- ^ a b c d e f Foss 1991, p. 737.
- ^ BHG 1765, ed. Delehaye (1909).
- ^ N. Oikonomides, "Le dedoublement de Saint Theodore et les villes d'Euchaita et d'Euchaneia", Analecta Bollandiana 104 (1986), 327–335.
- ^ E. S. Wolper, "Khidr, Elwan Çelebi and the Conversion of Sacred Sanctuaries in Anatolia," Muslim World 90 (2000), 313.
- ^ E.S. Wolper, "Khidr and the Changing Frontiers of the Medieval World", in J. Caskey et al. (eds.), Confronting the Borders of Medieval Art, Brill (2011), p. 143.
- ^ Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium I: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus. — Padova, 1998. — P. 80
- ^ Mango & Ševčenko 1972, 382-383; Pawel Nowakowski, Cult of Saints, E00969
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, pp. 45–46.
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, p. 44.
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, p. 46.
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, p. 47.
- ISSN 1105-0772
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, p. 45.
- ^ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001, pp. 44–45.
- ^ catholic-hierarchy.org
- ^ John Haldon (ed.), Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia, Euchaïta-Avkat-Beyözü and its Environment, Cambridge University Press (2018), .
- Foss, Clive (1991). "Euchaita". In ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Janin, Raymond (1969). La géographie ecclésiastique de l'empire byzantin, première partie: Le siège de Constantinople et le patriarcat oecuménique, Tome III: les églises et les monastères (in French). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. pp. 148–155.
- Trombley, Frank (1985). "The Decline of the Seventh-Century Town: The Exception of Euchaita". In Vryonis, Speros (ed.). Byzantine Studies in Honor of Milton V. Anastos. Malibu, California. pp. 65–90.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 442
- OCLC 955922585.
- Jean Darrouzès, Remarques sur des créations d'évêchés byzantins, in Revue des études byzantines, vol. 47, 1989, pp. 215–221
- Heinrich Gelzer, Ungedruckte und ungenügend veröffentlichte Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum, in: Abhandlungen der philosophisch-historische classe der bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1901, pp. 529–641
- McGeer, Eric; Nesbitt, John; ISBN 0-88402-282-X.