Kaymakçı (archaeological site)
Coordinates | 38°37′24″N 27°55′53″E / 38.6234°N 27.9313°E |
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Part of | Seha River Land (hypothesized) |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 2014-2017 |
Archaeologists | Christopher H. Roosevelt |
Kaymakçı is a
Archaeology
Occupation at Kaymakçı began in the
The site covers an area of at least 25 hectares, spanning across 1 kilometer of a
Pottery finds suggest cultural ties to coastal sites such as Troy and inland sites such as Beycesultan. The city also imported Aegean and Hittite objects, and made local imitations.[4]
Historical context
Kaymakçı was located in the Seha River Land, a Late Bronze Age state known from
In the Iron Age, the region became part of Lydia, whose capital of Sardis was located near Kaymakçı. However, the relationship between the Lydians and the Sehans is unknown since current evidence suggests both continuity and disruption.[4]
Kaymakçı is located in an area with numerous Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions but it is not known whether this was a primary language of the local population or if it was used merely for official purposes. Evidence of cultural continuity raises the possibility that Lydian speakers were already present in the area during the Bronze Age.[4]
Excavation
The site was discovered in 2001, when the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey examined the area around the Marmara Lake and identified 6 citidels, 5 unfortified lowland sites, and 23 smaller sites. The largest was at Kaymakçı.[5][6] The site of Kaymakçı was then excavated in four seasons between 2014 and 2017.[3][7][8][9][10]
See also
- Arzawa
- Cities of the ancient Near East
- Hittite Empire
- Kingdom of Mira
- Manapa-Tarhunta letter
- Sardis
- Troy
References
- ^ S2CID 164800705.
- S2CID 234174292.
- ^ a b [1] Christopher H. Roosevelt, et al., "Exploring Space, Economy, and Interregional Interaction at a Second-Millennium B.C.E. Citadel in Central Western Anatolia: 2014–2017 Research at Kaymakçı.", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 645–88, 2018
- ^ a b c d e f Roosevelt, Christopher (2010). "Lydia before the Lydians". The Lydians and Their World.
- ^ Roosevelt, C.H., "Lydian and Persian Period Settlement in Lydia." Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 2003
- ^ Luke, C., and C.H. Roosevelt, "The Central Lydia Archaeological Survey: Documenting the Prehistoric Through Iron Age Periods." In Tree-Rings, Kings, and Old World Archaeology and Environment: Papers Presented in Honor of Peter Ian Kuniholm, edited by S.W. Manning and M.J. Bruce, pp. 199–218, 2009 Oxford: Oxbow
- ^ [2] Nobles, Gary R., and Christopher H. Roosevelt, "Filling the void in archaeological excavations: 2D point clouds to 3D volumes", Open Archaeology 7.1, pp. 589-614, 2021
- ^ Roosevelt, Christopher H., Christina Luke, and Sinan Ünlüsoy, "Kaymakçı Arkeoloji Projesi: 2014 yılı kazı sonuçları", Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 37.2, pp. 243-268, 2016
- ^ Roosevelt, C.H. , Ünlüsoy, S. , & Luke, C., "Kaymakçı Arkeoloji Projesi: 2016–2017 yılı kazı ve araştırma sonuçları" Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 40(1), pp. 487–504, 2019
- ^ Roosevelt, C.H. , Kaner, T. , & Luke, C., "Kaymakçı Arkeoloji Projesi: 2018 yılı kazı ve araştırma sonuçları", Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 41(1), pp.437–459, 2020
Further reading
- Shin, Nami et al. Shin, Nami; Marston, John M.; Luke, Christina; Roosevelt, Christopher H.; Riehl, Simone (2021). "Agricultural Practices at Bronze Age Kaymakçı, Western Anatolia". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 36: 102800. S2CID 233592176.
- Ciftci, Asiye, et al. (2019). "Ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction and amplification from 3500-year-old charred economic crop seeds from Kaymakçı in Western Turkey: comparative sequence analysis using the 26S rDNA gene". In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 66.6, pp. 1279–1294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-019-00783-9.
- Pieniążek, Magda, et al. (2019). "Of networks and knives: a bronze knife with herringbone decoration from the citadel of Kaymakçı (Manisa İli/Tr)". In: Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 49.2, pp. 197–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/ak.2019.2.75190.
- [3] Scott, Catherine B., et al., "Born-digital logistics: Impacts of 3D recording on archaeological workflow, training, and interpretation", Open Archaeology 7.1, pp. 574–588, 2021