List of marine ecoregions
The following is a list of marine ecoregions, as defined by the WWF and The Nature Conservancy
The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme groups the individual ecoregions into 12
marine provinces
, which include one or more of the 232 marine ecoregions.
The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme currently encompasses only coastal and continental shelf areas.[a][b]
Arctic realm
(no provinces identified)
- North Greenland
- North and East Iceland
- East Greenland Shelf
- West Greenland Shelf
- Northern Grand Banks-Southern Labrador
- Northern Labrador
- Baffin Bay-Davis Strait
- Hudson Complex
- Lancaster Sound
- High Arctic Archipelago
- Beaufort-Admunsen-Viscount Melville-Queen Maud
- Beaufort Sea-continental coast and shelf
- Chukchi Sea
- Eastern Bering Sea
- East Siberian Sea
- Laptev Sea
- Kara Sea
- North and East Barents Sea
- White Sea
Temperate Northern Atlantic
Northern European Seas
- South and West Iceland
- Faroe Plateau
- Southern Norway
- Northern Norway and Finnmark
- Baltic Sea
- North Sea
- Celtic Seas
Lusitanian
Mediterranean Sea
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Levantine Sea
- Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra
- Ionian Sea
- Western Mediterranean
- Alboran Sea
Black Sea
Cold Temperate Northwest Atlantic
- Gulf of St. Lawrence-Eastern Scotian Shelf
- Southern Grand Banks-South Newfoundland
- Scotian Shelf
- Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy
- Virginian
Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic
- Carolinian
- Northern Gulf of Mexico
Temperate Northern Pacific
Cold Temperate Northwest Pacific
Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific
Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific
- Aleutian Islands
- Gulf of Alaska
- North American Pacific Fjordland
- Puget Trough/Georgia Basin
- Oregon, Washington, Vancouver Coast and Shelf
- Northern California
Warm Temperate Northeast Pacific
Tropical Atlantic
Tropical Northwestern Atlantic
- Bermuda
- Bahamian
- Eastern Caribbean
- Greater Antilles
- Southern Caribbean
- Southwestern Caribbean
- Western Caribbean
- Southern Gulf of Mexico
- Floridian
North Brazil Shelf
Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
- Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Islands
- Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas
- Northeastern Brazil
- Eastern Brazil
- Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands
St. Helena and Ascension Islands
- St. Helena and Ascension Islands
West African Transition
Gulf of Guinea
- Gulf of Guinea West
- Gulf of Guinea Upwelling
- Gulf of Guinea Central
- Gulf of Guinea Islands
- Gulf of Guinea South
- Angolan
Western Indo-Pacific
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
- Northern and Central Red Sea
- Southern Red Sea
- Gulf of Aden
Somali/Arabian
Western Indian Ocean
- Northern Monsoon Current Coast
- East African Coral Coast
- Seychelles
- Cargados Carajos
- Tromelin Island
- Mascarene Islands
- Southeast Madagascar
- Western and Northern Madagascar
- Bight of Sofala/Swamp Coast
- Delagoa
West and South Indian Shelf
- Western India
- South India and Sri Lanka
Central Indian Ocean Islands
- Maldives
- Chagos
Bay of Bengal
- Eastern India
- Northern Bay of Bengal
Andaman Sea
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Andaman Sea Coral Coast
- Western Sumatra
Central Indo-Pacific
South China Sea
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Southern China
- South China Sea Oceanic Islands
Sunda Shelf
- Gulf of Thailand
- Southern Vietnam
- Sunda Shelf/Java Sea
- Malacca Strait
Java Transitional
- Southern Java
- Cocos-Keeling/Christmas Island
South Kuroshio
- South Kuroshio
Tropical Northwestern Pacific
- Ogasawara Islands
- Mariana Islands
- East Caroline Islands
- West Caroline Islands
Western Coral Triangle
- Palawan/North Borneo
- Eastern Philippines
- Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait
- Halmahera
- Papua
- Banda Sea
- Lesser Sunda
- Northeast Sulawesi
Eastern Coral Triangle
- Bismarck Sea
- Solomon Archipelago
- Solomon Sea
- Southeast Papua New Guinea
Sahul Shelf
- Gulf of Papua
- Arafura Sea
- Arnhem Coast to Gulf of Carpentaria
- Bonaparte Coast
Northeast Australian Shelf
- Torres Strait and Northern Great Barrier Reef
- Central and Southern Great Barrier Reef
Northwest Australian Shelf
- Exmouth to Broome
- Ningaloo
Tropical Southwestern Pacific
- Tonga Islands
- Fiji Islands
- Vanuatu
- New Caledonia
- Coral Sea
Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands
- Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands
Eastern Indo-Pacific
Hawaii
Marshall, Gilbert, and Ellice Islands
Central Polynesia
- Line Islands
- Phoenix Islands/Tokelau/Northern Cook Islands
- Samoa Islands
Southeast Polynesia
Marquesas
- Marquesas
Easter Island
Tropical Eastern Pacific
Tropical East Pacific
- Revillagigedos
- Clipperton
- Mexican Tropical Pacific
- Chiapas-Nicaragua
- Nicoya
- Cocos Islands
- Panama Bight
- Guayaquil
Galapagos
Temperate South America
Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific
- Central Peru
- Humboldtian
- Central Chile
- Araucanian
Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas
Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic
- Southeastern Brazil
- Rio Grande
- Rio de la Plata
- Uruguay-Buenos Aires Shelf
Magellanic
- North Patagonian Gulfs
- Patagonian Shelf
- Falkland Islands
- Channels and Fjords of Southern Chile
- Chiloense
Tristan-Gough
Temperate Southern Africa
Benguela
- Namib
- Namaqua
Agulhas
- Agulhas Bank
- Natal
Amsterdam-St Paul
Temperate Australasia
Northern New Zealand
- Kermadec Islands (195)
- Northeastern New Zealand (196)
- Three Kings-North Cape (197)
Southern New Zealand
- Chatham Island (198)
- Central New Zealand (199)
- South New Zealand (200)
- Snares Island(201)
East Central Australian Shelf
- Tweed-Moreton (202)
- Manning-Hawkesbury(203)
Southeast Australian Shelf
- Cape Howe(204)
- Bassian (205)
- Western Bassian(206)
Southwest Australian Shelf
- South Australian Gulfs(207)
- Great Australian Bight (208)
- Leeuwin(209)
Western Central Australian Shelf
- Shark Bay(210)
- Houtman(211)
Southern Ocean
Subantarctic Islands
- Macquarie Island
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- Kerguelen Islands
- Crozet Islands
- Prince Edward Islands
- Bouvet Island
- Peter the First Island
Scotia Sea
- South Sandwich Islands
- South Georgia
- South Orkney Islands
- South Shetland Islands
- Antarctic Peninsula
Continental High Antarctic
- East Antarctic Wilkes Land
- East Antarctic Enderby Land
- East Antarctic Dronning Maud Land
- Weddell Sea
- Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea
- Ross Sea
Subantarctic New Zealand
See also
Notes
- .
- ^ Ocean-floor environments are examined in Watling, et al. 2013:
Watling, Les; Guinotte, John; Clark, Malcolm R.; Smith, Craig R. (April 2013). "A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor" (PDF). Progress in Oceanography. 111: 91–112. .
References
- Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine ecosystems.
- World Wildlife Fund—WWF: Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW)
- Queries listing ecoregions [1] and provinces [2] from Wikidata