List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth
The weapons and armour of Middle-earth are all those mentioned J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings, such as The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion.[1][2]
Tolkien modelled his fictional warfare on the
As in his sources, Tolkien's characters often
Terminology
Tolkien devised
- Sword: Noldorin Sindarin: magl, magol,[T 1] North Sindarin magor,[T 2] Quenya: makil, macil,[T 1] Noldorin Sindarin: crist.[T 3] Specific types of sword were named lango (broad sword), eket, ecet (short sword), and lhang (cutlass, sword).[T 4]
- Dagger, knife: Noldorin Sindarin: sigil, Quenya: cirma, sicil[T 5]
- Axe: North Sindarin: hathol,[T 2] Quenya: pelekko (Hooker notes the similarity of the Greek πέλεκυς pélekys: double-headed axe),[3] Khuzdul: bark,[4] pl. baruk
- Spear: Quenya: hatal[5] also nehte[T 6]
- Bow: Noldorin Sindarin: peng also poetically cû ("arch"), Quenya: quinga.[T 7]
- Arrow: Quenya: pilin, pl. pilindi[T 8][a]
Types
Swords
Knives
Knives are mentioned in Tolkien's works, sometimes as backup weapons—such as the unnamed long knife of
For The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Legolas possessed twin fighting knives carried in sheaths near his quiver.[7]
Special types of knife
There are some special types of knife in Tolkien's fiction which do not have formal names, but nevertheless play important roles in the plot.
Morgul-blades
The
Barrow-blades
The daggers had varying fates. The Witch-king broke Frodo's blade at the Ford of Bruinen.
Axes
Battle axes are especially favoured by Dwarves in Tolkien's writings;[2] Gimli uses the battle cry: Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you! (Khuzdul: Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!).[T 14] For The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Gimli the Dwarf was assigned various axes of different makes during the course of the films.[9]
The Sindarin Elves of
Bows and arrows
The most famous bowman in Tolkien's stories of the First Age of Middle-earth is the Elf
In The Lord of the Rings, set in the late
Sometimes individual
Armour
In Letter 211 of
Helmets
In the First Age, Dwarves made dragon-helms, which were said to protect against
The
Named items
Tolkien emulated his Northern European mythological and literary sources in having his characters
Named swords and knives
Anglachel
Anglachel (
Angrist
Angrist (Sindarin: Iron-cleaver
Anguirel
Anguirel (Sindarin: Iron of Eternity) is the sword forged by Eöl the Dark Elf, similar to Anglachel which was given to Thingol of Doriath in The Silmarillion. It was the mate of Anglachel, was made of the same meteoritic iron, and had the same physical properties and capabilities as Anglachel, but there is no evidence of sentience in Anguirel. Anguirel was kept by Eöl until it was stolen by his son, Maeglin.[1][T 28]
Aranrúth
Aranrúth (Sindarin: King's Ire[T 29]) is the sword wielded by King Thingol of Doriath in The Silmarillion.[1][T 30] Later the sword of the Kings of Númenor.
Glamdring
Glamdring (Sindarin: Foe-hammer
Gurthang
See Anglachel
Gúthwinë
Gúthwinë (
Hadhafang
Hadhafang is the sword invented for Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, where it was wielded by
Herugrim
Herugrim (Old English: Fierce Sword[19]) is the sword that belonged to Théoden.[1][T 39]
Narsil / Andúril
Narsil (
Orcrist
Orcrist (Sindarin: Goblin-cleaver
Ringil
Ringil (Sindarin: Cold-Star / Cold-Spark) is a sword wielded by Fingolfin in The Silmarillion and The Lays of Beleriand. It bit with chilling cold, and glittered like ice with a pale light.[1] This was the sword with which Fingolfin wounded Morgoth seven times, causing the first dark lord to limp forever afterward.[T 46][T 47]
In Tolkien's early writings, Ringil was the name of one of the two pillars supporting the Two Lamps of primeval Middle-earth.[T 48]
Sting
Sting is a large Elvish dagger in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. It functioned well as a sword for the hobbits Bilbo and Frodo Baggins.
In Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film adaptations, Sting is depicted as leaf-shaped, with gentle curving edges. Engraved on the blade and cross-guard are letters in Sindarin that read phonetically, Maegnas aen estar nin dagnir in yngyl im. Translated into English, they read, "Maegnas is my name, I am the spider's bane." According to the Appendix of The Silmarillion, the element maeg in Sindarin means "sharp" or "piercing".[T 50] The film version of Sting is 23 inches (580 mm) long (24 while in scabbard) and 3 inches (76 mm) wide at the hilt. Its scabbard is made of brown leather and reinforced with metal.[27]
Named bows and arrows
Belthronding
Belthronding (Sindarin/Ilkorin: Intractable Bow[T 51]) is the bow wielded by Beleg Cúthalion (Strongbow) in The Silmarillion and The Lays of Beleriand.[1][T 52]
Black Arrow
The Black Arrow was used in Esgaroth by Bard the Bowman; he mentions that it has been used many times, always successfully, and always recovered. An heirloom from many generations of Bard's family, that he believed had been made in the forges of the
Dailir
Dailir is the arrow favoured by Beleg, the great bowman of the First Age of Middle-earth. Beleg was always able to retrieve this arrow for reuse.[T 53]
Red Arrow
The Red Arrow is a black-feathered arrow barbed with steel; its tip was painted red.
Other named weapons and armour
Aeglos
Aeglos (Sindarin: Snow Point, i.e. icicle;[T 55] also spelt Aiglos) is the spear wielded by the Elf-King Gil-galad. It was said that "the Spear of Gil-galad and the Sword of Elendil, Aiglos and Narsil, none could withstand."[1][T 56][c]
Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin
The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin, also called the Helm of Hador, is the fabulous helmet of the lords of the House of Hador, including
Axe of Tuor
The Axe of Tuor, called Dramborleg (Gnomish: Thudder-Sharp)[30] in The Book of Lost Tales, is the great axe belonging to Tuor, son of Huor in Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth[1] that left wounds like "both a heavy dint as of a club and cleft as a sword"[30]. It was later held by the Kings of Numenor, until lost in the downfall.[T 59]
Durin's Axe
Grond
Grond (Sindarin: Club) is the mace of Morgoth used against Fingolfin in The Silmarillion[T 60] as well as a battering ram in The Lord of the Rings,[1][T 61] used to assault the Great Gate of Minas Tirith. Grond the battering ram was in-universe named after Morgoth's mace: "Grond they named it, in memory of the Hammer of the Underworld of old."[T 62]
Film prop construction
In
Notes
- ^ Hooker notes the similarity of the Latin pīlum [javelin, throwing spear], with cognates in the Old High German [pfīl, meaning arrow], Modern German [Pfeil], Old English [pīl], late Old Norse [píla], and the Dutch [pijl].[6]
- OED than that the character was given the name with the idea of his becoming a sword-wielder already in mind. However, as there was a Count Frodo and a Bishop Bilbo in the Frankish Kingdom of the middle ages as well as another noble named Fredegar it is more likely that these Hobbit names were mined from Frankish history."[26]
- Tolkienist semiannual almanac published by the Polish Silesian Science-Fiction Club, parent organisation of the Polish Tolkien Society, is named Aeglos.[29]
References
Primary
- ^ a b Tolkien 1987, p. 371
- ^ a b Tolkien 1994, p. 234.
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 365
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 367
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 385
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 355
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 366
- The Etymologiesunder the root PÍLIM-.
- ^ Tolkien 1955, book 6 ch. 8 "The Scouring of the Shire"
- ^ Tolkien 1954a, pp. 208, 210; Tolkien 1955, p. 333
- ^ Tolkien 1954a, book 1, ch. 8 "Fog on the Barrow-downs"
- ^ a b Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 6 "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", p. 117: "No other blade, not though mightier hands had wielded it, would have dealt that foe a wound so bitter, cleaving the undead flesh, breaking the spell that knit his unseen sinews to his will."
- ^ a b Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 10 "The Black Gate Opens"
- ^ Tolkien 1954, "The Battle of Helm's Deep"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, ch. 19 "Of Beren and Luthien"
- ^ Tolkien 2021, ch. 13 "Of the Land and Beasts of Númenor"
- ^ a b Tolkien 1937, ch. 14 "Fire and Water"
- ^ Tolkien 1955, p. 72; Tolkien 1980, p. 364, 411
- ^ Tolkien 1954a, Prologue §1
- ^ Tolkien 1955, appendix A part I(iii)
- ^ a b Carpenter 2023, #211 "The Rohirrim were not 'mediaeval', in our sense. The styles of the Bayeux Tapestry (made in England) fit them well enough, if one remembers that the kind of tennis-nets [the] soldiers seem to have on are only a clumsy conventional sign for chainmail of small rings"
- ^ Tolkien 1980, inside rear dust-jacket
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of Turin Turambar", Index "Anglachel"; Tolkien 1980, p. 148, 419
- ^ Tolkien 1980, p. 443
- ^ Tolkien 1977, Index "Angrist"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of Beren and Luthien"
- ^ Tolkien 1984b, "The Tale of Tinúviel
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of Turin Turambar"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, Index "Aranruth"
- Akallabeth; Tolkien 1980, p. 171
- ^ a b c d Tolkien 1937, ch. 3, "A Short Rest"; ch. 18, "The Return Journey"
- ^ Tolkien 1937, ch 2 "Roast Mutton"
- ^ a b c d Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 3, "The Ring Goes South"
- ^ a b c Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 5, "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm"
- ^ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 5, "The White Rider"
- ^ Tolkien 1980, p. 54
- ^ Tolkien 1954, p. 139
- ^ Tolkien 1987
- ^ Tolkien 1954, p. 123
- ^ Tolkien 1955, Appendix A "The Númenorean Kings", "Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur", "The North-kingdom and the Dúnedain", entry for Chieftain Aranarth; Carpenter 2023
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age", Index "Narsil"; Tolkien 1980, pp. 272, 275
- ^ a b Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 2, "The Council of Elrond"
- ^ a b Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 6 "The King of the Golden Hall"
- ^ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 7, "Helm's Deep"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of the Ruin of Beleriand", Index "Ringil"
- ^ Tolkien 1985, "The Lay of Leithian", Canto XII
- ^ Tolkien 1984 (Part I) pp. 69–70
- ^ Tolkien 1937, ch. 2, "Roast Mutton"; Tolkien 1954a, pp. 23, 290; Tolkien 1954, p. 221, Tolkien 1955, p. 173, 204
- ^ Tolkien 1977, Appendix "Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", maeg
- ^ Tolkien 1987, p. 388
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of Turin Turambar", Index "Belthronding"; Tolkien 1985, p. 26, 117, 127
- ^ Tolkien 1985
- ^ a b Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 3 "The Muster of Rohan"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, Index "Aeglos"
- ^ Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 2: "The Council of Elrond"; Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"; Tolkien 1980, p. 148, 417
- The Lay of the Children of Húrin", second version ch. 2, p. 115, line 678
- ^ Tolkien 1980, part 1 ch. II p. 75
- ^ Tolkien 1980, p. 172; Tolkien 1984b (vol. 2), "The Fall of Gondolin"
- ^ Tolkien 1977, "Of the Ruin of Beleriand", Index "Grond"
- ^ Tolkien 1955, p. 112
- ^ Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 4 "The Siege of Gondor".
Secondary
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Burdge & Burke 2013, pp. 703–705
- ^ a b c d e f g h Piela 2013, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Hooker 2014, p. 235.
- ^ Parma Eldalamberon 17, p. 85.
- ^ Vinyar Tengwar 49, p. 14.
- ^ Hooker 2014, p. 180.
- ^ Smith 2003, p. 114.
- ^ Donovan 2013, pp. 148–149
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 52–57.
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 142–144.
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 112–115.
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 202–207.
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 122–131.
- ^ Timmons 2013, pp. 303–309
- ^ Smith 2003, pp. 16 (2nd Age Elves), 104 (Rohan half-plate armour).
- ^ Burke 2013, pp. 432–433
- ISBN 978-0261102750.
- ^ Petty 2013, pp. 205–207
- ^ a b Tolkien Dictionary
- ^ Beowulf, line 1810
- ^ Smith 2003, p. 22.
- JSTOR 45320521.
- JSTOR 26814563.
- ISBN 978-0-3804-6904-8.
- ISBN 978-1-59360-023-5.
- ^ S2CID 171003460.
- ^ Smith 2003, p. 43.
- Elene, lines 43–45
- ISBN 978-0-415-96942-0.
- ^ a b Tolkien 1984b Appendix: Names in the Lost Tales – Part II", entry "Dramborleg"
- ^ Woosnam-Savage 2011, pp. 139–167
Sources
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- Burke, Jessica (2013) [2006]. "Mithril". In ISBN 978-0-415-96942-0.
- ISBN 978-0-35-865298-4.
- Donovan, Leslie A. (2013) [2007]. )
- Hooker, Mark T. (2014). The Tolkienaeum. Llyfrawr. ISBN 978-1499759105.
- Petty, Anne C. (2013) [2006]. "Finland: Literary Sources". In ISBN 978-0-415-96942-0.
- Piela, Joseph (2013) [2007]. "Arms and Armour". In ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1.
- Smith, Chris (2003). The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare. Mariner Books. ISBN 0-618-39100-2.
- Timmons, Dan (2013) [2006]. "Jackson, Peter". In ISBN 978-0-415-96942-0.
- ISBN 978-0-618-13470-0.
- OCLC 9552942.
- OCLC 1042159111.
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- ISBN 0-395-39429-5.
- ISBN 0-395-45519-7.
- ISBN 0-395-71041-3.
- ISBN 978-0-35-845460-1.
- Woosnam-Savage, Robert C. (2011). "The Matériel of Middle-earth". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.). ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.