Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles | |
---|---|
Élie Guadet | |
Succeeded by | Henri Grégoire |
Personal details | |
Born | First French Republic | 20 September 1759
Cause of death | Execution by guillotine |
Political party | The Mountain |
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles (French pronunciation: [maʁi ʒɑ̃ eʁo də seʃɛl], 20 September 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a French judge, freemason and politician who took part in the French Revolution.
Origins and early career
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles was born in Paris into a noble and well-known family. His grandfather was René Hérault, who had served as Lieutenant General of Police of Paris between 1725 and 1739. His great-grandfather was Jean Moreau de Séchelles (1690–1760), who had served as Controller-General of Finances between 1754 and 1756 and had given his name to the Seychelles archipelago. Jean Moreau de Séchelles's daughter, Hélène Moreau de Séchelles (1715–1798), was the second wife of René Hérault.
Most authors, however, consider that René Hérault was not the biological grandfather of Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles. His biological grandfather was most likely Louis Georges Érasme de Contades (1704–1795), Marshal of France, who had an affair with Hélène Moreau de Séchelles during her marriage to René Hérault. Hélène Moreau de Séchelles gave birth to a son in 1737, Jean-Baptiste Martin Hérault de Séchelles - the father of Marie-Jean, who died in 1759, at the Battle of Minden, where Contades was commanding the French army. Contades took care of Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles after the early death of his father. He had arranged to marry his illegitimate son Jean-Baptiste Martin Hérault de Séchelles to his wife's niece, so that he might present himself in society as the "uncle" of Marie-Jean.
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles was also the first cousin of the famous
Hérault de Séchelles made his debut as a
Active
His legal occupation did not prevent him from devoting himself to literature, and in 1785 he published an account of a visit he had made to the noted naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, the Comte de Buffon at Montbard: La visite à Buffon, ou Voyage à Montbard.[1] He was also the author of a philosophical work published after his death, Théorie de l'ambition.
Despite his upbringing, Hérault became an early proponent of Revolutionary ideas, and took part in the
Legislative Assembly and initial missions
He was elected as a deputy for Paris to the Legislative Assembly,[1] and in September 1792 was elected a deputy to the convention,[6] where he gravitated towards the extreme left.[1] He also served as a member of several committees; during his time as a member of the diplomatic committee, on 11 June 1793, he presented a memorable report demanding that the nation should be declared to be in danger.[1]
During and after the
In 1792, he was elected to the
1793–1794
On his return to Paris, Hérault was several times president of the convention, notably on 2 June 1793, the occasion of the attack on the
Hérault was a member of the
Fictionalized accounts
- Hérault appears in an important supporting role in A Far Better Rest, a reimagining of A Tale of Two Cities, by Susanne Alleyn.
- Hérault also appears as a supporting character in A Place of Greater Safety, a historical novel by Hilary Mantel which chronicles the French Revolution.
Bibliography
- 1792 - Pétition à l'Assemblée Nationale, du 24 août 1792, l'an 4e de la liberté
- 1793 - Constitution républicaine, décrété par la Convention nationale de France, en 1793 et présentée à l'acceptation du peuple français
- 1890 - Voyage à Montbard
- 1907 - Oeuvres littéraires
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Anchel, Robert (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 333. In turn, it gives the following references:
- Aulard, F. A.,Voyage a Montbard, (Paris, 1890).
- Aulard, F. A., Les Orateurs de la Législative et de la Convention, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1906).
- Claretie, Jules, Camille Desmoulins, Étude sur les Dantonistes (Paris, 1875).
- Daudet, Ernest, Le Roman d'un conventionnel. Hérault de Séchelles et les dames de Bellegarde (904).
- Dr Robinet, Le Procès des Dantonistes (Paris, 1879).
- "Hérault de Séchelles, sa première mission en Alsace" in the review La Revolution Française, tome 22.
- Dard, E. (ed.), Hérault de Séchelles, Œuvres littéraires (Paris, 1907).
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 34.
- ^ Dictionnaire universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie, page 360 (Marc de Jode, Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara, ed. Larousse, 2011).
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 188.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 208.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 297.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 341.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 344.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 398.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 409.
- ^ Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 416.