New queer cinema
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"New queer cinema" is a term first coined by the academic
It is also referred to as the "queer new wave".[2]
Definition
The term developed from use of the word queer in academic writing in the 1980s and 1990s as an inclusive way of describing gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender identity and experience, and also defining a form of sexuality that was fluid and subversive of traditional understandings of sexuality. The major film studio to discuss these issues was aptly named New Line Cinema with its Fine Line Features division. Since 1992, the phenomenon has also been described by various other academics and has been used to describe several other films released since the 1990s. Films of the new queer cinema movement typically share certain themes, such as the rejection of heteronormativity and the lives of LGBT protagonists living on the fringe of society.[3][4]
History
Queer cinema
Susan Hayward states that queer cinema existed for decades before it was given its official label, such as, with the films of French creators
The identification of queer cinema probably emerged in the mid-1980s through the influence of queer theory, which aims to "challenge and push further debates on gender and sexuality" as developed by feminist theory and "confuse binary essentialisms around gender and sexual identity, expose their limitations", and depict the blurring of these roles and identities.[5] Queer cinema filmmakers sometimes made films in genres that were typically considered mainstream, then subverting conventions by depicting the "question of pleasure" and celebrating excess, or by re-adding homosexual themes or historical elements where they had been erased through straightwashing (e.g. in Derek Jarman's 1991 historical film Edward II).[5] Queer cinema filmmakers called for a "multiplicity of voices and sexualities" and equally had a "collection of different aesthetics" in their work.[5] The issue of "lesbian invisibility" had been raised in queer cinema, since more funding went to gay male filmmakers than lesbian directors, as is the case with the heterosexual/mainstream film industry, and as such, much of queer cinema focused on the "construction of male desire".[5]
Rich's articles
Drawing on
Generic developments
The 1991 documentary
Not only did these films frequently reference the
Among the films cited by Rich were Todd Haynes's Poison (1991),[18][19] Laurie Lynd's RSVP (1991), Isaac Julien's Young Soul Rebels (1991), Derek Jarman's Edward II (1991), Tom Kalin's Swoon (1992),[20] and Gregg Araki's The Living End (1992). All the films feature explicitly gay and lesbian protagonists and subjects; explicit and unapologetic depictions of or references to gay sex; and a confrontational and often antagonistic approach towards heterosexual culture.[9]
These directors were making their films at a time when the gay community was facing new challenges from the AIDS crisis in the 1980s and the
Other important examples of new queer cinema include the first feature film by a black lesbian, Cheryl Dunye's The Watermelon Woman (1996),[21][22] and Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai's Happy Together (1997).[23]
In the 21st century
Beginning in the 2010s, a number of LGBT filmmakers, including Rose Troche and Travis Mathews, identified a newer trend in LGBT filmmaking, in which the influence of new queer cinema was evolving toward more universal audience appeal.[24][25]
Rich, the originator of the phrase "new queer cinema", has identified the emergence in the late 2000s of LGBT-themed mainstream films such as
See also
- List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films
- History of homosexuality in American film
- New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival
- New Maricón Cinema
References
- ^ "New Queer Cinema". Sight & Sound. September 1992. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-19-958726-1, retrieved 2021-09-16
- ^ "New Queer Cinema". Mubi.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013.
- ^ "GLBTQ New Queer Cinema" (PDF). Glbtq.com.
- ^ a b c d e f Hayward, Susan. "Queer cinema" in Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts (Third Edition). Routledge, 2006. p. 329-333
- ^ "Germany's most famous gay rights activist: Rosa von Praunheim". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
- ^ ISBN 0-7425-1972-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8135-3486-2.
- ^ S2CID 235148891.
- JSTOR 201866.
- OCLC 1101032499.
- ^ "How Paris is Burning became a touchstone of queer cinema - The Skinny". www.theskinny.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ "Jennie Livingston on Paris Is Burning 30 Years Later". Hyperallergic. 2020-02-26. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ Turner, Kyle (25 June 2019). "The Re-released 'Paris Is Burning' Brings Us into the Future". GQ. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ Rich, B. Ruby (2013-06-20). "Read The First Chapter of B. Ruby Rich's 'New Queer Cinema: The Director's Cut,' a Must-Read For Anyone Even Remotely Interested In LGBT Cinema". IndieWire. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ "New Queer Cinema: Theory, Politics, and Transgression". Brooklyn Institute for Social Research. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ Levy, Emanuel (June 27, 2015). "Gay Pride 2015: Celebrating Todd Haynes' Poison". Emmanuel Levy. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ Dillard, Clayton (April 3, 2013). "Hearth of Darkness: Rob White's Todd Haynes". Slant Magazine. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ On the Margins: Todd Haynes's Poison|Current|The Criterion Collection
- ^ Keough, Peter (May 8, 1997), "Slice of life — The Watermelon Woman refreshes", The Phoenix, retrieved April 29, 2008
- JSTOR 3299571
- ^ "Development of the New Queer Cinema Movement". UKEssays. November 2018.
- ^ a b "Sundance Interview: Concussion" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine. Women and Hollywood, February 1, 2013.
- ^ a b "Cruising With Travis Mathews: The Nightcharm Interview". Nightcharm, March 9, 2013.
- ^ Q, May 31, 2013.
- Xtra!, May 31, 2013. Archived June 28, 2013, at archive.today
- ^ Riese (2023-03-13). ""Everything Everywhere All At Once" Makes Lesbian History at the Oscars". Autostraddle. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ "'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Swept the 2023 Oscars". Them. 2023-03-13. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ Russell, John. "Oscars 2023: 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' won almost everything". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ McManus, Samuel; jane (2017-02-27). "'Moonlight' becomes the first LGBT film in history to win Best Picture at the Oscars". Attitude. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
- ^ February 27, Devan Coggan; EST, 2017 at 11:32 AM. "GLAAD Celebrates 'Moonlight' as First LGBTQ Film to Win Best Picture". EW.com. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
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Sources
- B. Ruby Rich. “New Queer Cinema”: Sight & Sound, Volume 2, Issue 5 (September 1992)
- B. Ruby Rich. “Queer and present danger”: Sight & Sound, Volume 10, Issue 3 (March 2000)
- B. Ruby Rich, New Queer Cinema: The Director’s Cut, Duke University Press, 2013.
- Pier Maria Bocchi, Mondo Queer. Cinema e militanza gay, Lindau, Torino, 2005, ISBN 88-71-80-548-8.
- Joseph Bristow: Sexuality (1997), ISBN 0-415-08494-6
- Cante, Richard C. (March 2009). Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture. London: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-7230-2.
- ISBN 0-85170-316-X
- Martin Frey. Derek Jarman - Bewegte Bilder eines Malers. BoD, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8370-1217-0
- Nick Rees-Roberts: French Queer Cinema, Edinburgh University Press, 2008
- ISBN 0-304-33144-9
- Tamsin Spargo: ISBN 1-84046-092-X
- Colin Spencer: Homosexuality: A History (1995) ISBN 1-85702-447-8
- Pamela Demory, Christopher Pullen (ed.), Queer Love in Film and Television: Critical Essays, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
- Robin Griffiths, Queer Cinema in Europe, Intellect Books, 2008.
- ISBN 0-415-22376-8
- ISBN 978-3-89656-090-2
- Doan, Laura L. The Lesbian Postmodern. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
- Aaron, Michele. New Queer Cinema: A Critical Reader. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
External links
- A Brief History of Queer Cinema at GreenCine (archived version)