Vaticinium ex eventu

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This article is about historiography and theology. For paranormal criticism, see Postdiction. For the scientific technique, see Retrodiction.

Vaticinium ex eventu (

Classical Latin: [wäːt̪ɪˈkɪnɪ.ʊ̃ˑ ɛks eːˈwɛn̪t̪uː], "prophecy from the event") or post eventum ("after the event") is a technical theological or historiographical term referring to a prophecy written after the author already had information about the events being "foretold". The text is written so as to appear that the prophecy had taken place before the event, when in fact it was written after the events supposedly predicted. Vaticinium ex eventu is a form of hindsight bias. The concept is similar to postdiction
.

Examples

In religious writings

The Babylonian "

Mursilis I in 1531 BC, Assyria, when Tukulti-Ninurta I overthrew Kashtiliash IV in 1225 BC and took the idol to Assur, and Elam, when Kudur-Nahhunte ransacked the city and pilfered the statue around 1160 BC. A copy[1]
was found in the House of the Exorcist at Assur, whose contents date from 713–612 BC and is closely related thematically to another vaticinium ex eventu text called the Shulgi prophecy, which probably followed it in a sequence of tablets. Both compositions present a favorable view of Assyria.

The Book of Daniel utilizes vaticinium ex eventu, by its seeming foreknowledge of events from Alexander the Great's conquest up to the persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the summer of 164 BCE.[2][3][4] The stories of the first half are legendary in origin, and the visions of the second the product of anonymous authors in the Maccabean period (2nd century BCE).[5] Its inclusion in Ketuvim (Writings) rather than Nevi'im (Prophets) was likely because it appeared after the canon for those books had closed, and the dominant view among Jews and scholars is that Daniel is not in any case a prophetic book but an apocalypse.

Statements attributed to

the siege of Jerusalem in AD 70, in which the Second Temple was destroyed).[9][6] However, there are some scholars who only see the verses from Luke as constituting a vaticinium ex eventu (and those of Mark not),[6] while a few even go as far as to deny that the verses from Luke refer to the destruction of the temple in AD 70.[9]

Secular

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Tablet K. 2158+
  2. ISBN 9004226753
    ..
  3. ISBN 9780830867332
    . The consensus of modern biblical scholarship is that the book was composed in the second century B.C., that it is a pseudonymous work, and that it is indeed an example of prophecy after the fact.
  4. ISBN 9780190611941
    . Retrieved 7 September 2020. The book of Daniel becomes foundational for the Jewish or Jewish-Christian millenarian vision of the future that became paradigmatic [...]. [...] One of the great ironies in the history of Western ideas is that Daniel's influence on subsequent Jewish and Christian views of the future had such a remarkable influence, given that everything predicted by Daniel utterly failed! [...] One might expect that a book that had proven itself to be wrong on every count would have long since been discarded as misguided and obsolete, but, in fact, the opposite was the case. Daniel's victory was a literary one. [...] Daniel not only survived but its influence increased. The book of Daniel became the foundational basis of all Jewish and Christian expressions of apocalyptic millenarianism for the next two thousand years. [...] Daniel is the clearest example from this period of the "when prophecy fails" syndrome [...]
  5. ^ Collins 2002, p. 2.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-1-72520-078-4
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-19-954398-4
    .
  8. ISBN 978-1-60899-953-8
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 9780664223144
    . Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  10. ^ J. J. O'Hara, Death and the Optimistic Prophecy in Vergil's Aeneid (2014) pp. 128-9
  11. ^ Tasso, Torquato (1971). Gerusalemme Liberata. Turin: Einaudi. p. 459.
  12. ^ Quoted in H. Lee, Virginia Woolf (1996) p. 752
  13. ^ Olivia Laing, To the River (2011) pp. 195-8

References

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