Anthemis cotula

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Anthemis cotula
Stinking chamomile[1]

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Anthemis
Species:
A. cotula
Binomial name
Anthemis cotula
L., (1753) not Blanco 1837
Synonyms[2][3][4][5]
  • Anthemis foetida Lam.
  • Anthemis psorosperma Ten.
  • Anthemis ramosa Link ex Spreng.
  • Chamaemelum cotula (L.) All.
  • Maruta cotula (L.) DC.
  • Maruta foetida Cass.

Anthemis cotula, also known as stinking chamomile, or mayweed,

American continents[7] where it can be found growing in meadows, alongside roads, and in fields.[8]

The name "cotula" is the Latin form[9] of κοτύλη kotylē, the Greek word for "small cup",[10] describing the shape of the flowers; it was assigned by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753.[11]

Anthemis cotula is also known by a wide variety of other names, including mather, dog- or hog's-fennel, dog-finkle, dog-daisy, pig-sty-daisy, chigger-weed,[8] mayweed, Johnnyweed, maroute, Maruta cotula, Cotula Maruta foetida, Manzanilla loca, wild chamomile, Camomille puante. Foetid Chamomile, maithes, maithen, mathor[12] mayweed chamomile, camomille des chiens, camomille puante, stinkende Hundskamille, camomila-de-cachorro, macéla-fétida, and manzanilla hedionda.

Description

The "stinking chamomile" Anthemis cotula is so-named for its resemblance to the true chamomile plant,

Foeniculum vulgare), from which the name "Dog's Fennel" is derived.[13]

Anthemis cotula is an annual glandular plant with a harsh taste and an acrid smell. Its height varies from 30–60 cm (12–24 in).[8]

Leaves
The
pinnate in shape, with many extremely thin lobes, and can be around 25–50 mm (1–2 in) long.[8]
Flowers
Each stem is topped by a single
involucre, with soft hairs on each; further bracts are bristled and sit at right angles to the flowers.[8]
Fruits
The fruits are
pappus
). They are wrinkled, ribbed with ten ridges, and have small glandular bumps across the surface.

Toxicity

Anthemis cotula is potentially toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and guinea pigs. Clinical signs include contact dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, allergic reactions. Long term use can lead to bleeding tendencies.[14] The foliage may also cause skin irritation.[15]

Distribution

Native[7]
Pale-arctic
Macaronesia: Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira
Southern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Eurasia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Russia, Georgia, India, North Caucasus, Dagestan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Eastern Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Crimea, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria
Northern Europe: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, England, Scotland, Finland
Central Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Crete, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sardinia, Corsica, Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands
Western Europe: Belgium, Netherlands, France, Ireland, United Kingdom
Introduced[16][17][18][19][20]

Naturalized in Americas, Southern Africa, and Oceania

Spread to United States

Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1871 gave Appleseed credit for the overabundance of dogfennel:

The consequence was that successive, flourishing crops of the weed spread over the whole country and caused almost as much trouble as the disease it was intended to ward off; and to this day the dog-fennel, introduced by Johnny Appleseed, is one of the worst grievances of the Ohio farmers.[22]

References

Illustration from Britton & Brown 1913.
  1. ^ illustration from Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem Texte : Atlas zur Pharmacopoea germanica. Author: Franz Eugen Köhler. 1883-1914
  2. ^ The Plant List, Anthemis cotula L
  3. ^ "Anthemis cotula". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. 2008-06-17.
  4. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Anthemis cotula". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin
    . Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  5. ^ UniProt. "Anthemis cotula". Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  6. ^ Britten, James; Robert Holland (1886). "Page 84". A Dictionary of English Plant-names. For the English Dialect Society, Trübner & Ludgate Hill. p. 618 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  7. ^ a b "Anthemis cotula". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  8. ^ a b c d e Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Addison Brown (1913). "BORAGE FAMILY". An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Volume III Gentianaceae to Compositae – Gentian to Thistle (Second Edition – Revised and Enlarged ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  9. Perseus Project
    .
  10. Perseus Project
    .
  11. ^ Dunglison, Robley; Richard James Dunglison (1876). "Section 22 Costohyoideus thru Cough". A Dictionary of Medical Science; Containing a Concise Explanation of the Various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Medical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry; Notices of Climate, and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, and the French and Other Synonyms. Churchill. p. 1131 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  12. ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Mayweed". A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  13. ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Chamomile Stinking". A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  14. ^ ASPCA - Pet Care - Mayweed
  15. ISBN 0-394-50432-1
    .
  16. ^ Flora of North America
  17. ^ Flora of China
  18. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  19. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  20. ^ Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. 10: 1–726. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Flora de la provincia de Jujuy. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires
  21. ISSN 0017-789X
    . Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  22. ^ Haley, W. D. (1955). Johnny Appleseed : a pioneer hero. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. [Fort Wayne, Ind.] : Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County.
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