Biodiversity of Borneo

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Rainforest in Kinabalu Park, Borneo. The biodiversity on the island of Borneo consists of 15,000 plant species, with more than 1,400 amphibians, birds, fish, mammals, reptiles and insects.

The island of Borneo is located on the Sunda Shelf, which is an extensive region in Southeast Asia of immense importance in terms of biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography of fauna and flora that had attracted Alfred Russel Wallace and other biologists from all over the world.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

The previous climatic oscillation and sea level changes leading to contraction and expansion of the tropical rain contributed to the

Niah Cave National Park. Baker et al.(2007) unravelled the complexities of the late Pleistocene to Holocene
habitation of the Niah Cave.

Flenley (1998) and Bird et al. (2005) suggested of a continuous

Mekong
rivers were genetically related.

Piper et al. (2008) identified 27 mammal, 11 bird and eight reptile taxa recovered from the Terminal Pleistocene deposits at Niah Cave. Some of these animals are extinct and extent in distribution in Borneo.[13] Other biologists suggested Pleistocene refugia found in Borneo to explain for the gene flow and genetic divergent of certain species.

Biodiversity factors in Borneo and extinction

Rafflesia, largest flower in the world is endemic to Borneo

hydrological cycle so that the water was not discharged back into the rivers and seas. Thus the sea level dropped to 120 m from the present. Vegetational belts and mammalian communities underwent major reorganisation. All shallow seabeds were exposed causing Peninsular Malaysia to be connected by land-bridges to Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali to become a big landmass changing the wind direction, sea current, and separating the population into several isolated forested refuges.[citation needed
]

It is unknown if the Bornean tiger became extinct in recent times or prehistoric times.[14][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wallace, 1855
  2. ^ Holloway and Jardine, 1968
  3. ^ Dodson et al., 1995
  4. ^ Brandon-Jones, 1996, 1998
  5. ^ Ruedi and Fumagalli, 1996
  6. ^ Bird et al., 2005
  7. ^ Morley, 1998
  8. ^ Inger and Voris, 2001
  9. ^ Meijard, 2003
  10. ^ Baker et al., 2007
  11. ^ Haeney 1986, 1991
  12. ^ a b Voris, 2000
  13. ^ Gathorne-Hardy et al., 2002
  14. ^ Piper, P. J.; Earl of Cranbrook & Rabett, R. J. (2007). "Confirmation of the presence of the tiger Panthera tigris (L.) in Late Pleistocene and Holocene Borneo". Malayan Nature Journal. 59 (3): 259–267. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  15. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.003
    .

Bibliography
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