List of Dutch explorations
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The following list is composed of (largely) unknown lands that were discovered by people from the Netherlands, or being the first documented Europeans to discover certain areas.
Explorations
Orange Islands (1594)
During his first journey in 1594, Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovered the Orange Islands, at the northern extremity of Nova Zembla.
Svalbard (1596)
On 10 June 1596, Barentsz and Dutchman
The first undisputed discovery of the archipelago was an expedition led by the Dutch mariner
Winter surviving in the High Arctic (1596–1597)
The search for the
Falkland Islands/Sebald Islands (1600)
In 1600 the Dutch navigator
Pennefather River, Northern Australia (1606)
The Dutch ship, Duyfken, led by Willem Janszoon, made the first documented European landing in Australia in 1606.[9] Although a theory of Portuguese discovery in the 1520s exists, it lacks definitive evidence.[10][11][12] Precedence of discovery has also been claimed for China,[13] France,[14] Spain,[15] India,[16] and even Phoenicia.[17]
The
The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch navigator
First charting of Manhattan, New York (1609)
The area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Indians. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of the king Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, that the area was mapped.
Hudson Valley (1609)
At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the 17th century, the
Brouwer Route (1610–1611)
The
Jan Mayen Island (1614)
After unconfirmed reports of Dutch discovery as early as 1611, the island was named after Dutchman Jan Jacobszoon May van Schellinkhout, who visited the island in July 1614. As locations of these islands were kept secret by the whalers, Jan Mayen got its current name only in 1620.[25]
Hell Gate, Long Island Sound, Connecticut River and Fisher's Island (1614)
The name "Hell Gate" is a corruption of Dutch phrase Hellegat, which could mean either "hell's hole" or "bright gate/passage". It was originally applied to the entirety of the East River. The strait was described in the journals of Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, who is the first European known to have navigated the strait, during his 1614 voyage aboard the Onrust.
The first European to record the existence of Long Island Sound and the Connecticut River was Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, who entered it from the East River in 1614.
Staten Island (Argentina), Cape Horn, Tonga, Hoorn Islands (1615)
On 25 December 1615, Dutch explorers
On 29 January 1616, they sighted land they called Cape Horn, after the city of Hoorn. Aboard the Eendracht was the crew of the recently wrecked ship called Hoorn.
They discovered Tonga on 21 April 1616 and the Hoorn Islands on 28 April 1616.
They discovered New Ireland around May–July 1616.
They discovered the
The Schouten Islands (also known as Eastern Schouten Islands or Le Maire Islands) of Papua New Guinea, were named after Schouten, who visited them in 1616.
Dirk Hartog Island (1616)
Houtman Abrolhos (1619)
The first sighting of the Houtman Abrolhos by Europeans was by Dutch VOC ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam in 1619, three years after Hartog made the first authenticated sighting of what is now Western Australia, 13 years after the first authenticated voyage to Australia, that of the Duyfke in 1606. Discovery of the islands was credited to Frederick de Houtman, Captain-General of the Dordrecht, as it was Houtman who later wrote of the discovery in a letter to Company directors.
Carstensz Glacier, Carstensz Pyramid/Puncak Jaya (1623)
The first person to spot
Gulf of Carpentaria (Northern Australia) (1623)
The first known
Staaten River (Cape York Peninsula, Northern Australia) (1623)
The Staaten River is a river in the Cape York Peninsula, Australia that rises more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) to the west of Cairns and empties into the Gulf of Carpentaria. The river was first named by Carstenszoon in 1623.
Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt (Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia) (1623)
In 1623 Dutch East India Company captain Willem van Colster sailed into the Gulf of Carpentaria. Cape Arnhem is named after his ship, the Arnhem, which itself was named after the city of Arnhem.
Groote Eylandt was first sighted the Arnhem. Only in 1644, when Abel Tasman arrived, was the island given a European name, Dutch for "Large Island" in an archaic spelling. The modern Dutch spelling is Groot Eiland.
Hermite Islands (1624)
In February 1624, Dutch admiral Jacques l'Hermite discovered the Hermite Islands at Cape Horn.
Southern Australia coast (1627)
In 1627, Dutch explorers
St Francis Island (originally in Dutch: Eyland St. François) is an island on the south coast of South Australia near Ceduna. It is now part of the Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area. It was one of the first parts of South Australia to be discovered and named by Europeans, along with St Peter Island. Thijssen named it after his patron saint, St. Francis.
St Peter Island is an island on the south coast of South Australia near Ceduna to the south of Denial Bay. It is the second largest island in South Australia at about 13 km long. It was named in 1627 by Thijssen after Pieter Nuyts' patron saint.
Western Australia (1629)
The
Tasmania and the surrounding islands (1642)
In 1642, Abel Tasman sailed from Mauritius and on 24 November, sighted Tasmania. He named Tasmania Van Diemen's Land, after Anthony van Diemen, the Dutch East India Company's governor-general, who had commissioned his voyage.[28][29][30] It was officially renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.[31]
Maria Island was discovered and named in 1642 by Tasman after Maria van Diemen (née van Aelst), wife of Anthony. The island was known as Maria's Isle in the early 19th century.
Tasman's journal entry for 29 November 1642 records that he observed a rock which was similar to a rock named Pedra Branca off China, presumably referring to the Pedra Branca in the South China Sea.
Schouten Island is a 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi) island in eastern Tasmania, Australia. It lies 1.6 kilometres south of Freycinet Peninsula and is a part of Freycinet National Park. In 1642, while surveying the south-west coast of Tasmania, Tasman named the island after Joost Schouten, a member of the Council of the Dutch East India Company.
Tasman also reached
New Zealand and Fiji (1642)
In 1642, the first Europeans known to reach New Zealand were the crew of Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who arrived in his ships Heemskerck and Zeehaen. Tasman anchored at the northern end of the South Island in Golden Bay (he named it Murderers' Bay) in December 1642 and sailed northward to Tonga following a clash with local Māori. Tasman sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts. Tasman called them Staten Landt, after the States General of the Netherlands, and that name appeared on his first maps of the country. In 1645 Dutch cartographers changed the name to Nova Zeelandia in Latin, from Nieuw Zeeland, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. It was subsequently Anglicised as New Zealand by British naval captain James Cook
Various claims have been made that New Zealand was reached by other non-Polynesian voyagers before Tasman, but these are not widely accepted. Peter Trickett, for example, argues in
In 1643, still during the same expedition, Tasman discovered Fiji.
Tongatapu and Haʻapai (Tonga) (1643)
Tasman discovered Tongatapu and Haʻapai in 1643 commanding two ships, the Heemskerck and the Zeehaen commissioned by the Dutch East India Company. The expedition's goals were to chart the unknown southern and eastern seas and to find a possible passage through the South Pacific and Indian Ocean providing a faster route to Chile.
Sakhalin (Cape Patience) (1643)
The first European known to visit
Kuril Islands (1643)
In the summer of 1643, the Castricum under
Having long occupied maps,
Rottnest Island and Swan River (1696)
The first Europeans known to land on the
On 10 January 1697, de Vlamingh ventured up the Swan River. He and his crew are believed to have been the first Europeans to do so. He named the Swan River (Zwaanenrivier in Dutch) after the large numbers of black swans that he observed there.
Easter Island and Samoa (1722)
On Easter Sunday, 5 April 1722, Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovered Easter Island. Easter Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world.[39] The nearest inhabited land (50 residents) is Pitcairn Island 2,075 kilometres (1,289 mi) away, the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea on island Mangareva 2,606 km (1,619 mi) away, and the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, 3,512 kilometres (2,182 mi) away.
The name "Easter Island" was given by the island's first recorded European visitor, the
On 13 June Roggeveen discovered the islands of Samoa.
Orange River (1779)
The Orange River was named by Colonel Robert Gordon, commander of the Dutch East India Company garrison at Cape Town, on a trip to the interior in 1779.
References
- ^ a b c Grimbly, Shona (2001). Atlas of Exploration, p. 47
- ^ a b Mills, William J. (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 62–65
- ^ a b c Pletcher, Kenneth (2010). The Britannica Guide to Explorers and Explorations That Changed the Modern World, p. 162
- ^ a b Arlov (1994): 9
- ^ Arlov (1994): 10
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 833.
- ISBN 0-415-92026-4.
- ^ "Search for Barents: Evaluation of Possible Burial Sites on North Novaya Zemlya, Russia", Jaapjan J. Zeeberg et al., Arctic Vol. 55, No. 4 (December 2002) p. 329–338
- ISBN 0-7270-0800-5
- ISBN 0-285-62303-6
- ^ Robert J. King, "The Jagiellonian Globe, a Key to the Puzzle of Jave la Grande", The Globe: Journal of the Australian Map Circle, No. 62, 2009, p. 1–50.
- ^ Robert J. King, "Regio Patalis: Australia on the map in 1531?", The Portolan, Issue 82, Winter 2011, p. 8–17.
- ISBN 0-06-053763-9.
- ^ Credit for the discovery of Australia was given to Frenchman Binot Paulmier de Gonneville (1504) in Brosses, Charles de (1756). Histoire des navigations aux Terres Australe. Paris.
- ^ In the early 20th century, Lawrence Hargrave argued from archaeological evidence that Spain had established a colony in Botany Bay in the 16th century.
- ^ a b Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1947). Origin and Spread of the Tamils. Adyar Library. p. 30.
- ISBN 0-86778-053-3.
- ^ Day, Alan (2003). The A to Z of the Discovery and Exploration of Australia, p. 115
- ^ Seddon, George (2005). The Old Country: Australian Landscapes, Plants and People, p. 28
- ^ McHugh, Evan (2006). 1606: An Epic Adventure, p. 16
- ISBN 978-1-875567-44-7.
- ^ Grimbly, Shona (2001). Atlas of Exploration, p. 107–08
- ^ Broomhall, Susan (22 November 2013). "Australians might speak Dutch if not for strong emotions". The Conversation Media Group. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ ISBN 0-19-553597-9. p. 233.
- ^ Mills, William J. (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 332–33
- ISBN 978-0-86840-866-8.
- ^ Garden 1977, p.8.
- ^ Fenton, James (1884). A History of Tasmania: From Its Discovery in 1642 to the Present Time
- ^ Pletcher, Kenneth (2010). The Britannica Guide to Explorers and Explorations That Changed the Modern World, p. 122–25
- ^ Kirk, Robert W. (2012). Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520–1920, p. 31
- ^ Newman, Terry (2005). "Appendix 2: Select chronology of renaming". Becoming Tasmania – Companion Web Site. Parliament of Tasmania. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
- ^ "The Tamil Bell", Te Papa
- ^ Sridharan, K. (1982). A maritime history of India. Government of India. p. 45.
- ^ Kerry R. Howe (2003). The Quest for Origins: Who First Discovered and Settled New Zealand and the Pacific Islands? pp 144–45 Auckland:Penguin.
- ^ New Zealand Journal of Science. Wise, Caffin & Company. 1883. p. 58. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ New Zealand Institute (1872). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. New Zealand Institute. p. 43. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ De Saint-Martin, Vivien; et al., eds. (1895), "Yèso", Nouveau Dictionnaire de Géographie Universelle (in French), vol. 7, Paris: Librairie Hachette & Co., p. 441–445.
- JSTOR 24301919.
- ^ "Welcome to Rapa Nui – Isla de Pascua – Easter Island", Portal RapaNui, the island's official website, archived from the original on 1 November 2011
- ^ "Calculate the Date of Easter Sunday", Astronomical Society of South Australia. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^ An English translation of the originally Dutch journal by Jacob Roggeveen, with additional significant information from the log by Cornelis Bouwman, was published in: Andrew Sharp (ed.), The Journal of Jacob Roggeveen (Oxford 1970).