1360s

The 1360s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1360, and ended on December 31, 1369.

Events

1360

January–December

• Skåne and conquers Lindholmen Castle.^[1]
• Valdemar IV Atterdag must help Magnus against his domestic enemies.^[2]
• October 24 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. Under its terms, Edward III of England gives up his claim to the French throne, and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony.^[3]

Date unknown

• Zhu Yuanzhang.^[4]
• King
  Valdemar IV Atterdag of Denmark reconquers Scania, which has been in Swedish possession since 1332.^[1]
• Persia
  after the death of his brother, Shah Mahmud.
• Nawruz Beg overthrows his brother Qulpa as Khan of the Blue Horde.
• Muhammed VI overthrows his brother-in-law, Ismail II, as King of Granada (in modern-day Spain).
• Dmitri Konstantinovich is installed as ruler of Vladimir (in modern-day western Russia) by the Khan of the White Horde.^[5]
• Earliest known Kırkpınar oil wrestling tournament in the Ottoman Empire, which will still be staged into the 21st century.^[6]

1361

January–December

• Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, is killed by one of his own mamluks, Yalbugha al-Umari, who, with the senior Mamluk emirs, has al-Mansur Muhammad installed as the new sultan.^[7]
• April 13 – The University of Pavia is founded, on the Italian Peninsula.^[8]
• Magnus IV Eriksson warns the inhabitants of Visby in a letter, of an upcoming Danish invasion
  .
• July 27 – Battle of Visby: King Valdemar IV of Denmark conquers the city of Visby by defeating the defending Gutnish country yeomen, and takes Gotland.^[9]
• Edward, the Black Prince marries Joan of Kent at Windsor Castle.^[10]

• In the
  Abu Salim Ibrahim
  is overthrown by Abu Umar, who is in turn overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
• Great Troubles: the Blue Horde descends into anarchy. Between 1361 and 1378, over 20 khans succeed each other in different parts of the Blue Horde's territory.
• Chinese rebels capture the Goryeo capital.
• The earliest known musical keyboard instrument is built, with the layout of black and white keys that becomes standard.

1362

January–December

• January 1 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania switches New Year to January 1, before any other country does.
• storm tide strikes the Netherlands, England, Germany and Denmark, destroying the Danish settlement of Rungholt in the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Humber estuary port of Ravenser Odd in England. The East Frisian island of Buise is broken into two by North Sea
  floods.
• Haakon VI of Norway, son of Magnus IV of Sweden, proclaims himself king of Sweden
  in opposition to his father. However, later in the year, father and son are reconciled and rule Sweden together.
• March – Murad I succeeds his father Orhan as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• Muhammed VI
  .
• April 6
  • Free Companies
    defeat a French army.
  • A fire destroys much of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin.^[11]
• month-long siege
  .
• June – Under the terms of the will of Sir John de Wingfield (died 1361), the church of St. Andrew and a college of priests are founded in Wingfield, Suffolk, England.
• June 22 – An alliance is formed between England and Castile.^[12]
• July 8 – Valdemar IV of Denmark defeats the Hanseatic League in the naval Battle of Helsingborg.
• September 28 – Pope Urban V succeeds Pope Innocent VI, as the 200th pope.
• October 13 – The Chancellor of England for the first time opens Parliament with a speech in English.^[13] Under Edward III of England, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in law courts.^[12][14]
• Lionel of Antwerp, son of King Edward III of England, is created Duke of Clarence
  .
• King of Armenia
  .

• Autumn 1362 or
  Kiev
  .
• Zhu Yuanzhang, is killed by Miao chieftains in Yanzhou (part of modern-day Jinhua and Hangzhou).^[15] Chaghan Temur is killed and succeeded by his nephew Köke Temür
  .
• The
  Peloponessus
  , and some islands.
• The
  Litlahérað by flood and tephra
  fall.
• The English Hospice of the Most Holy Trinity and St Thomas is founded in Rome. It goes on to become the English College, a centre for training English priests in Rome.
• Purported date of the inscription of the Kensington Runestone, at Solem, Minnesota.

1363

January–December

• Haakon VI of Norway marries Margaret I of Denmark
  .
• August – The Revolt of Saint Titus, against the rule of the Republic of Venice in the Kingdom of Candia (island of Crete), begins.
• Yuan Dynasty control over China. Zhu's naval forces of 200,000 are pitted against Chen's naval forces of 650,000 troops, in what is not only the largest naval battle of the medieval age, but also one of the largest naval battles in history
  .

• Byzantine–Ottoman wars
  • Ottoman Turks seize Filibe (Philippopolis) in Thrace.^[16][17]
  • The Byzantine Empire wins a naval battle over the Ottoman Empire near Megara, Greece.^{[citation needed]}
• Grand Duchy of Moscow, dethrones Dmitry of Suzdal to become Grand Prince of Vladimir
  .
• Philip the Bold becomes duke of Burgundy.^[18]
• Rasulid Sultan of Yemen
  .
• The
  Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan is completed in Cairo, Egypt
  .

January–December

• Albrekt of Mecklenburg the new king of Sweden
  .
• February 20 – David II of Scotland marries Margaret Drummond.^[19]
• April 8 – Charles V becomes King of France.^[20]
• May 12 – The Jagiellonian University is founded in Kraków.
• Galeotto Malatesta, defeat those of Pisa
  .
• August 6 – Ignatius Saba I becomes the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Tur Abdin.^[21]
• Philip of Anjou becomes Titular Emperor of Constantinople and Prince of Taranto
  .
• Charles of Blois
  .

• Vladislav I (also known as Vlaicu-Vodă) becomes voivode of Wallachia.
• Bogdana Monastery is built in Moldavia.
• Rana Kshetra Singh succeeds Rana Hamir Singh, as ruler of Mewar (part of modern-day western India).
• Anavema Reddy succeeds Anavota Reddy, as ruler of the Reddy Dynasty in Andhra Pradesh (part of modern-day southern India).
• The
  Burma. Some chronicles
  and sources however date the event in 1365.

January–December

• March 3 – Battle of Gataskogen: Albert of Mecklenburg defeats and captures Magnus Eriksson, obtaining the throne of Sweden.
• March 12 – The University of Vienna is founded.
• June 2 – The Hungarian occupation of Vidin begins, with the capture of the city by Louis I of Hungary's forces, and the imprisonment of Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria.
• October – Alexandrian Crusade: The city of Alexandria in Egypt is sacked by an allied force of Peter I of Cyprus and the knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.
• November 30 – The Nagarakretagama, a Javanese eulogy chronicling the journey of the Majapahit king, Hayam Wuruk, through his kingdom, is completed by Mpu Prapanca.

Date unknown

• Ottoman Sultanate
  .
• In modern-day southern
  Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah I invades the Vijayanagara Empire
  .
• The Sukhothai Kingdom in northern Thailand becomes a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.^{[citation needed]}
• Muhammed V begins building the Maristan of Granada (a hospital) in Granada (in modern-day Spain
  ).
• The Chagatai Khanate defeats Timur in the Battle of Tashkent.

1366

• Pedro of Castile, to become King of Castile
  .
• synagogues
  .
• October 26 – Comet 55P/Tempel–Tuttle passes 0.0229 AU (3,430,000 km; 2,130,000 mi) from Earth.^[22]

Date unknown

• War continues between the
  Muslim Bahmani Sultanate in modern-day southern India
  .
• Dmitri Konstantinovich, former ruler of Vladimir
  .
• Marinid Empire in Morocco
  .
• The
  Hiberno-Norman Lordship of Ireland
  .
• The Den Hoorn brewery is founded at Leuven in the Low Countries. In 1717 this will be renamed the Brouwerij Artois, and later releases a beer in 1926 named Stella Artois.
• Red Turban Rebellion that will overthrow the Yuan dynasty and establish the Ming dynasty two years later, begins building the walls for a new capital city at Nanjing
  .
• Thomas Fraser obtains lands in Aberdeenshire (Scotland) on which he starts the building of a towerhouse, that will later be known as Muchalls Castle.

1367

January–December

• January 18 – Ferdinand I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Peter I.
• Edward, the Black Prince, and Henry by the French
  .
• April 24 – Otto I, "the Evil", becomes Duke of the independent city of Göttingen (in modern-day Germany) on the death of his father, Ernst I.
• Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou from Zhang Shicheng, who unsuccessfully attempts suicide before being captured and taken to Nanjing, where he dies.^[23]
• Papacy back to Rome from Avignon. This move is reversed in 1370
  , when he is forced to return to Avignon, and shortly afterwards dies.
• Zhu Yuanzhang's control.^[24]

• Winter – Construction of a stone Moscow Kremlin Wall around the city is begun to resist invasion by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• Bogdan I as voivode (ruler) of Moldavia
  .
• The first university in Pécs, Hungary, is founded by King Louis I.

1368

January–December

• Yuan Dynasty. He immediately orders every county magistrate to set up four granaries
  , and halts government taxation on books.
• March 29 – Emperor Chōkei accedes to the throne of Japan.

Date unknown

• The Revolt of Saint Titus against rule of the Republic of Venice in the Kingdom of Candia (island of Crete) ends in failure.
• Durrës, the second-largest city in modern-day Albania (at this time known as Dyrrhachium), is captured from the Angevins by Karl Thopia, a powerful feudal prince and warlord.
• Petru I, and becomes voivode of Moldavia
  .
• Timur ascends the throne of Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan).
• Maha Thammaracha II becomes ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom (in modern-day northern Thailand) after the death of Maha Thammaracha I.
• Work begins on the surviving Great Wall of China.
• Mikhail Aleksandrovich becomes the sole ruler of Tver (in modern-day western Russia), after the death of co-ruler and rival Vasiliy Mikhailovich of Kashin.
• Moscow attacks Tver, which counter-attacks with the aid of Lithuania and the Blue Horde.
• The King of
  Norse colonization of the Americas, and of the History of Greenland
  .
• A peace treaty is signed between Norway and the Hanseatic League.
• The Bibliothèque nationale de France (National Library of France) is founded as the Royal Library at the Louvre Palace in Paris, by Charles V of France.
• Petrarch concludes writing the sequence of Italian sonnets and other poems known as Il Canzoniere.

1369

January–December

• February – Vladislav I of Wallachia liberates Vidin from the Hungarians, resulting in the restoration of Ivan Sratsimir on the throne of Bulgaria, in the autumn.
• Pedro of Castile loses to an alliance between the French and his half-brother, Henry II
  .
• May – King Charles V of France renounces the Treaty of Brétigny, and war is declared between France and England.
• September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England;^[25] the English raid Picardy and Normandy.^[26]
• November 30 – Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from the English.^[26]
• December – Financed by Charles V of France, Welshman Owain Lawgoch launches an invasion fleet against the English, in an attempt to claim the throne of Wales.^[27] A storm causes Owain to abandon the invasion.

Dates unknown

• The Ottoman Empire invades Bulgaria.
• Venice repels a Hungarian invasion.
• The Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom conquers Cambodia for a second time.^{[citation needed]}
• Charles V of France orders Hugues Aubriot to construct the fortress of the Bastille in Paris.
• Timur names the city of Samarkand as the capital of his empire.
• Košice becomes the first town in Europe to be granted its own coat of arms.
• The Hongwu Emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty issues a decree ordering every country magistrate in the empire to open a Confucian school of learning.
• The official production of Jingdezhen porcelain in Ming dynasty China is on record.

Significant people

• The Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang), founder of the Ming dynasty

Births

1360

• January 8 – Ulrich von Jungingen, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d. 1410)
• March 31 – Philippa of Lancaster, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1415)
• May 2 – Yongle Emperor of China (d. 1424)
• June 24 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general (d. 1431)
• August 10 – Francesco Zabarella, Italian jurist (d. 1417)
• date unknown
  • Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (d. 1391)
  • Bayezid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1403)
  • Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, Italian banker, founder of the Medici dynasty of Florence (d. 1429)
  • Yi Jong Mu, Korean general (d. 1425
    )
  • Andrei Rublev, Russian painter (d. 1430)
  • Stanislaw of Skarbimierz, Polish religious writer (d. 1431
    )

• Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (d. 1419
  )
• date unknown
  • John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (d. 1396)
  • Isabella, Countess of Foix, vassal ruler (d. 1428)
  • King Charles III of Navarre (d. 1425)
  • She Xiang, Chinese tribute chieftain (d. 1396)

1362

• Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland (d. 1392
  )
• Empress Xu (Ming dynasty) of China (d. 1407)
• probable – Wang Fu, Chinese painter (d. 1416)
• date unknown
  • Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1420)^[28][29]
  • Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (d. 1425
    )

• July 2 – Maria, Queen of Sicily (d. 1401)
• December 13 – Jean Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (d. 1429)
• date unknown
  • Margaret of Bavaria, Burgundian regent (d. 1423)
  • Thomas Langley, bishop of Durham and lord chancellor of England (d. 1437)
• probable – Zeami Motokiyo, Japanese actor and playwright (d. 1443)

1364

• November 30 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (d. 1390)
• December 16 – Emperor Manuel III of Trebizond (d. 1417)
• date unknown
  • Christine de Pizan, French writer (d. 1430)^[30]
  • Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1431)
  • Gyaltsab Je, first throne holder of the Gelug tradition of Buddhism (d. 1432)
  • Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī, Persian mathematician (d. 1436)

1365

• January 27 – Edward of Angoulême, French-born royal prince of England (d. 1370)
• July 25 – U of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1389)
• date unknown –
  Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī, Baghdadi Sufi author (d. 1424
  )
• approximate date – Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (d. 1431)^[31]

1366

• May 11 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (d. 1394)^[32]
• Jean Le Maingre, marshal of France (d. 1421
  )
• date unknown
  • Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan, English noblewoman (d. 1425
    )
  • Miran Shah, governor of Azerbaijan (d. 1408)
• Approximate
  • Eleanor de Bohun, English noble (d.1399)^[33]

1367

• January 6 – King Richard II of England (d. 1400)^[34]
• March 22 or 1368 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (d. 1399)
• June 13 – King Taejong of Joseon, Korean king (d. 1422)
• date unknown – Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1415)
• probable – Mary of Enghien, queen consort of Naples (d. 1446)

1368

• February 14 – Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1437)
• December 3 – King Charles VI of France (d. 1422)^[35]
• probable
  • Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1447)
  • Ida de Grey, Cambro-Norman noble (d. 1426)
  • Pope Martin V (d. 1431)^[36]
  • Thomas Hoccleve, English poet (d. 1426)

1369

• Muzio Sforza
  , Italian condottiero (d. 1424)
• date unknown –
  William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (d. 1414
  )
• probable – King Constantine I of Georgia (d. c. 1412)
• approximate – Jan Hus, Czech priest and philosopher (d. 1415)
• approximate – Margareta, Swedish Sami missionary (d. 1425)

Deaths

1360

• February 26 – Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, English military leader (b. 1328)
• September 16 – William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (b. 1319)
• Joanna I of Auvergne, queen consort of France (b. 1326
  )
• November 4 – Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (b. 1295)
• December 26 – Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
• date unknown
  • David IX of Georgia, King of Georgia
  • Geoffrey the Baker, English chronicler
  • Isabella, Countess of Brienne, Countess of Lecce
  • Nicephorus Gregoras, Byzantine historian (b. 1295)
  • Xu Shouhui, Chinese rebel leader, emperor of Tianwan (b. 1320)^[4]

1361

• Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbaden
• Mamluk Sultan
  of Egypt (b. 1334/35)
• March 23 – Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, English soldier and diplomat
• Orhan Ghazi, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1274
  )
• June 9 – Philippe de Vitry, French composer (b. 1291)
• German mystic
  theologian
• June 17 – Ingeborg of Norway, princess consort and regent of Sweden (b. 1301)
• September 18 – Louis V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1315)
• John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (b. 1310
  )
• John Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp
  , Warden of the Cinque Ports
• November 21 – Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (plague) (b. 1346)
• date unknown
  • Giovanni, son of
    Francesco Petrarch
    (plague)
  • Richard Badew, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge
  • Reynold Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham of Sterborough, English knight and diplomat (b. 1295)
  • Hajji Beg
    , Barlas leader
  • c. 1362 Blanche of Bourbon

1362

• March – Orhan, Ottoman sultan (b. 1281)
• April 6 – James I, Count of La Marche, French soldier (b. 1319)
• April 10 – Maud, Countess of Leicester (b. 1339)
• Louis of Taranto (b. 1320
  )
• July 11 – Anna von Schweidnitz, empress of Charles IV (b. 1339) (childbirth)
• Louis of Durazzo, Italian soldier (poisoned) (b. 1324
  )
• Joan of The Tower, Queen consort of king David II of Scotland (b. 1321
  )
• September 12 – Pope Innocent VI (b. 1282 or 1295)
• December 10 – Frederick III, Duke of Austria, second son of Duke Albert II of Austria (b. 1347)
• Constantine III, King of Armenia (b. 1313
  )
• date unknown
  • Hu Dahai, Chinese general^[15]
  • Emperor John III of Trebizond

1363

• Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol
• March 3 – Simone Boccanegra, first doge of Genoa (approximate date)
• c. April – Blanche of Namur, queen consort of Sweden (b. 1320)
• July 29 – John Bardolf, 3rd Baron Bardolf (b. 1314)
• August 23 – Chen Youliang, founder of the Dahan regime (b. 1320)
• October 7 – Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormonde (b. 1304)
• date unknown
  • Adil-Sultan, khan of the Chagatai Khanate
  • Jean Buridan, French philosopher (b. 1295)^[37]
• probable –
  Ranulf Higdon, English chronicler (b. c. 1299
  )

• April 8 – King John II of France (b. 1319)^[38]
• June 19 – Elisenda of Montcada, queen consort and regent of Aragon (b. 1292)
• Archbishop of Prague (b. 1297
  )
• August 5 – Emperor Kōgon of Japan (b. 1313)
• Robert of Taranto
• Charles I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1319
  )
• date unknown
  • Nicholas Alexander, voivode of Wallachia
  • Gajah Mada, prime minister of the Majapahit empire
  • King Valdemar III of Denmark (b. 1314)

1365

• March 8 – Princess Noguk of the Yuan dynasty and queen consort of Goryeo
• Louis VI the Roman, Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1328
  )
• July 27 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339)
• December 8 – Nicholas II, Duke of Opava (b. 1288)
• date unknown – Zhu Derun, Chinese painter and poet (b. 1294)

1366

• German mystic (b. c. 1295
  )
• April 26 – Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury
• May 20 – Maria of Calabria, Empress of Constantinople (b. 1329)
• Summer – Ming Yuzhen, founder of the rebel empire of Daxia (b. 1331)
• October 14 – Ibn Nubata, Arab poet (b. 1287)^[39]
• October 18 – Petrus Torkilsson, Archbishop of Uppsala

1367

• rebel leader, emperor of Han Song (b. 1339)^[40]
• January 9 – Giulia della Rena, Italian saint (b. 1319)
• January 18 – King Peter I of Portugal (b. 1320)
• April 13 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (b. 1313)
• August 23 – Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz, Spanish cardinal (b. 1310)
• September 25 – Jakushitsu Genkō, Japanese poet (b. 1290)
• shōgun (b. 1330
  )
• date unknown
  • Bogdan I of Moldavia
  • Zhang Shicheng, Chinese rebel leader, King of Wu (b. 1321)^[23]

1368

• March 29 – Emperor Go-Murakami of Japan (b. 1328)
• Andrea Orcagna
  , Italian painter, sculptor and architect
• September 12 – Blanche of Lancaster, English duchess, spouse of John of Gaunt (b. 1345)
• Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III of England (b. 1338
  )
• undated – Maha Thammaracha I, Thai ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom and Buddhist philosopher (b. c.1300)
• probable – Ibn Battuta, Arabian traveler

1369

• January 17 – King Peter I of Cyprus (murdered) (b. 1328)
• March 23 – King Peter of Castile (b. 1334) (murdered after the battle of Montiel)
• August 15 – Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III of England (b. 1311) (dropsy)
• October 3 – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (b. 1318)
• Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
• date unknown
  • Sir John Chandos, English knight
  • Agnes Dunbar
    , Countess of Moray
  • Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • Ramathibodi I, first king of Ayutthaya (b. 1314
    )