2024 in paleobotany

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This

taxa that were to be described

during the year 2024, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2024.

Algae

Chlorophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Bediaella^[1]	Gen. et sp. nov		Ernst, Vachard & Rodríguez	Devonian (Pragian)		Spain		A probable member of Dasycladales. The type species is B. hispanica.

Phycological research

Putative dasycladalean alga Voronocladus dryganti from the Silurian of Ukraine is argued by LoDuca (2024) to be a member of Bryopsidales; the author also reinterprets purported graptolite-like epibionts of V. dryganti, originally described as the new taxon Podoliagraptus algaeoides, as actually representing the uppermost siphons of mature thalli of V. dryganti.^[2]
A diverse charophyte flora, including fossil material of Echinochara cf. peckii representing the oldest record of the family Clavatoraceae reported to date, is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) marginal marine beds of southern France by Trabelsi, Sames & Martín-Closas (2024).^[3]

Lycophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Selaginellites argentinensis^[4]	Sp. nov		Cariglino, Zavattieri & Lara	Triassic		Argentina		A member of the family Selaginellaceae .

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cystodium parasorbifolium^[5]	Sp. nov		Li & Moran in Guo et al.	Cretaceous	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A member of the family Cystodiaceae .
Henanotheca qingyunensis^[6]	Sp. nov	Valid	Guo, Zhou & Feng in Guo et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Xuanwei Formation	China	A filicalean fern.
Hexaphyllostrobus^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov		D'Antonio et al.	Carboniferous	Mazon Creek fossil beds	United States	A member of Sphenophyllales. Genus includes new species H. kostorhysii.
Palaeosorum siwalikum^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kundu, Hazra & Khan in Kundu et al.	Miocene		India	A member of the family Polypodiaceae. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024.

Pteridological research

A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Cyatheales, and on the biogeography of the group throughout its evolutionary history, is published by Ramírez-Barahona (2024).^[9]
Machado et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Pteridium sp. cf. P. esculentum from the Miocene Ñirihuau Formation (Argentina) representing the oldest and southernmost record of Pteridium from South America reported to date.^[10]

Bennettitales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Weltrichia huitzilopochtlii^[11]	Comb. nov		(Wieland)	Early Jurassic (Toarcian)	Rosario Formation	Mexico		A member of Bennettitales. Moved from Williamsonia huitzilopochtli Wieland.
Williamsoniella rosarensis^[12]	Sp. nov		Velasco de León et al.	Early-Middle Jurassic	Cualac Formation	Mexico		A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae.

Conifers

Cupressaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Amurodendron^[13]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sokolova et al.	Paleocene		Russia ( Amur Oblast)		A conifer with affinities with the family Cupressaceae. The type species is A. pilosum. Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023.
Cupressoxylon dianneae^[14]	Sp. nov		Vanner et al.	Cretaceous	Tupuangi Formation	New Zealand

Pinaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Paranothotsuga^[15]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Kowalski in Kowalski et al.	Oligocene to Pliocene	Cottbus Formation	Germany		The type species is "Pseudotsuga" jechorekiae Czaja (2000).
Tsuga weichangensis^[16]	Sp. nov	In press	Li et al.	Miocene		China		A species of Tsuga. Announced in Feb 2023, formally published Jan 2024

Podocarpaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Protophyllocladoxylon jacobusii^[14]	Sp. nov		Vanner et al.	Cretaceous	Tupuangi Formation	New Zealand

Other conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cratoxylon^[17]	Gen. et sp. nov		Conceição et al.	Early Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil	A member of Pinidae of uncertain affinities. The type species is C. placidoi. The name is preoccupied by Cratoxylon Blume.
Ourostrobus einbergensis^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al.	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)		Germany	A conifer cone.
Shanxiopitys^[19]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Shi et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Sunjiagou Formation	China	A conifer wood. The type species is S. zhangziensis.
Sphaerostrobus einbergensis^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al.	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)		Germany	A conifer cone.

Conifer research

Xie, Gee & Griebeler (2024) use growth models based on the height–diameter relationships of extant araucarians to determine heights of araucariaceous logs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Utah, United States).^[20]

Flowering plants

Monocots

Arecales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Palmoxylon coryphaoides^[21]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ali, Roy & Khan in Ali et al.	Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian)	Deccan Intertrappean Beds	India	Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae.
Sabalites siwalicus^[22]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mahato & Khan	Miocene	Chunabati Formation	India	Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023.
Spinopinnophyllum^[23]	Gen. et sp. nov		Kumar, Su & Khan in Kumar et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-Paleocene (Danian)	Deccan Intertrappean Beds	India	A member of the family Arecaceae. The type species is S. acanthorachis.

Dioscoreales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Dioscorea lindgrenii^[24]	Sp. nov	In press	Herrera & Manchester	Eocene	Green River Formation	United States ( Wyoming)		A species of Dioscorea.
Dioscorea shermanii^[24]	Sp. nov	In press	Herrera & Manchester	Eocene	Green River Formation	United States ( Wyoming)		A species of Dioscorea.

Poales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Sparganium tuberculatum^[15]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kowalski in Kowalski et al.	Miocene	Spremberg Formation	Germany		A species of Sparganium.

Superasterids

Ericales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Pterosinojackia^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kowalski in Kowalski et al.	Oligocene to Miocene		Germany		A member of the family Styracaceae. The type species is P. lusatica.

Gentianales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aspidospermoxylon guatambue^[25]	Sp. nov		Ramos et al.	Pleistocene	El Palmar Formation	Argentina		Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae.
Aspidospermoxylon paleoneuron^[25]	Sp. nov		Ramos et al.	Pleistocene	El Palmar Formation	Argentina		Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae.

Superrosids

Fabales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Hymenaeaphyllum^[26]	Gen. et sp. nov		Hernández-Damián, Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz	Miocene	La Quinta Formation (Mexican amber)	Mexico		A member of the subfamily Detarieae . The type species is H. mirandae.
Mezoneuron zhekunii^[27]	Sp. nov		Zhao, Jia & Su in Zhao et al.	Miocene	Sanhaogou Formation	China		A species of Mezoneuron.

Fagales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Juglans cordata^[28]	Sp. nov		Manchester et al.	Eocene	Buchanan Lake Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)	A species of Juglans.
Juglans eoarctica^[28]	Sp. nov		Manchester et al.	Eocene	Buchanan Lake Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)	A species of Juglans.
Juglans nathorstii^[28]	Sp. nov		Manchester et al.	Eocene	Buchanan Lake Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)	A species of Juglans.
Morella stoppii^[15]	Comb. nov	Valid	(Kirchheimer)	Miocene		Germany	A member of the family Myricaceae; moved from Myrica stoppii Kirchheimer (1942).

Malpighiales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Passiflora axsmithii^[29]	Sp. nov		Stults, Hermsen & Starnes	Oligocene	Catahoula Formation	United States ( Mississippi)		A species of Passiflora.

Myrtales

Name	Novelty	Authors	Age	Location	Notes
Andesanthus risaraldense^[30]	Sp. nov	Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al.	Pleistocene	Colombia	A species of Andesanthus.
Qualeoxylon lafila^[31]	Sp. nov	Woodcock	Eocene	Peru	Fossil wood with affinities with the family Vochysiaceae.
Terminalioxylon gumminae^[30]	Sp. nov	Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al.	Pleistocene	Colombia	Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae.

Rosales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Ziziphoxylon sayaz^[32]	Sp. nov	Valid	Akkemik in Akkemik & Toprak	Miocene (Burdigalian-Serravallian)	Mut Formation	Turkey		Fossil wood of a member of the family Rhamnaceae.

Sapindales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Anacardium quindiuense^[30]	Sp. nov		Ayala-Usma, Lozano-Gutiérrez & Orejuela in Ayala-Usma et al.	Pleistocene		Colombia		A species of Anacardium.
Pericuxylon^[33]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mejia-Roldán, Rodríguez-Reyes & Estrada-Ruiz in Mejia-Roldán et al.	Eocene	Tepetate Formation	Mexico		Fossil wood of a member of the family Anacardiaceae. The type species is P. ductifera.

Saxifragales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Liquidambar nanningensis^[34]	Sp. nov		Xu, Zdravchev, Maslova & Jin in Xu et al.	Oligocene	Yongning Formation	China		A species of Liquidambar.

Other angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Asterostemon^[35]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Figueira da Foz Formation	Portugal	A chloranthoid flowering plant. The type species is A. hedlundii; genus also includes A. norrisii.
Cryptocarya latiradiata^[36]	Sp. nov		Zhang, Su & Oskolski in Zhang et al.	Miocene	Dajie Formation	China	A species of Cryptocarya.
Magnolia germanica^[15]	Comb. nov	Valid	(Mai)	Oligocene to Miocene		Germany	A species of Magnolia; moved from Manglietia germanica Mai (1971).
Nothophylica^[37]	Gen. et comb. nov		Beurel et al.	Cretaceous	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A flowering plant of uncertain affinities. Oskolski et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with an affinity to Rhamnaceae, possibly to an extinct basal lineage;^[38] on the other hand Beurel et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with probable magnoliid affinities.^[37] The type species is "Phylica" piloburmensis Shi et al. (2022).
Pabiania enochii^[39]	Sp. nov		Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz	Late Cretaceous	Olmos Formation	Mexico	A member of Laurales.
Swamyflora^[35]	Gen. et sp. nov		Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Potomac Group	United States ( Virginia)	A chloranthoid flowering plant. The type species is S. alata.
Wasmyflora^[35]	Gen. et sp. nov		Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian)	Vale de Água clay pit complex	Portugal	A chloranthoid flowering plant. The type species is W. portugallica.

The first fossil record of a flower of a member of the genus Cryptocarya is reported from the Miocene Zhangpu amber (China) by Beurel et al. (2024).^[40]

Other plants

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Callipteris seshufenensis^[41]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen, Zhang & Yang	Permian		China	A callipterid seed fern.
Cordaites pastuchovicensis^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Šimůnek			Czech Republic
Cordaites roprachticensis^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Šimůnek			Czech Republic
Cordaites setlikii^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Šimůnek			Czech Republic
Cyrillopteris orbicularis^[43]	Comb. nov		(Halle)	Permian	Upper Shihezi Formation	China	A seed fern. Moved from Odontopteris orbicularis Halle (1927).
Dicroidium sinensis^[44]	Sp. nov		Sun & Deng in Sun et al.	Middle Triassic	Tongchuan Formation	China	A seed fern belonging to the family Umkomasiaceae .
Frullania delgadillii^[45]	Sp. nov		Juárez-Martínez & Estrada-Ruiz in Juárez-Martínez, Córdova-Tabares & Estrada-Ruiz	Miocene	Mexican amber	Mexico	A liverwort, a species of Frullania.
Harrisiothecium roesleri^[46]	Comb. nov		(Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al.)	Late Triassic		Germany	Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities. Moved from Hydropterangium roesleri Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. (2017)
Harrisiothecium sanduense^[46]	Sp. nov		Shi et al.	Late Triassic	Yangmeilong Formation	China	Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities, associated with pinnate leaves of Ptilozamites.
Laiyangia^[47]	Gen. et sp. nov		Jin in Jin et al.	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian)	Laiyang Formation	China	A member of the family Ephedraceae. The type species is L. compacta.
Leptoscyphus davidii^[48]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mamontov et al.	Eocene	Rovno amber	Ukraine	A liverwort, a species of Leptoscyphus.
Panxianopteris^[49]	Gen. et sp. nov		Qin, He, Hilton & Wang in Qin et al.	Permian	Xuanwei Formation	China	A taeniopterid. The type species is P. taeniopteroides.
Protocupressinoxylon baii^[50]	Sp. nov		Jiang & Wan in Jiang et al.	Permian	Upper Shihhotse Formation	China	Fossil trunk of a gymnosperm.
Pseudotorellia oskolica^[51]	Sp. nov		Nosova in Nosova, Fedyaevskiy & Lyubarova	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian)		Russia ( Belgorod Oblast)	A gymnosperm belonging to the family Pseudotorelliaceae.
Radula tikhomirovae^[52]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mamontov & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al.	Eocene	Rovno amber	Ukraine	A liverwort, a species of Radula.
Sanfordiacaulis^[53]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gastaldo et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Albert Formation	Canada ( New Brunswick)	A tree of uncertain affinities. The type species is S. densifolia.

Other plant research

Redescription and a study on the affinities of Stauroxylon beckii is published by Durieux et al. (2024).^[54]
A study on the morphological diversity of cycad leaves throughout their evolutionary history, providing evidence of a dynamic history of diversification, is published by Coiro & Seyfullah (2024).^[55]
Zhang et al. (2024) compile a dataset of macroscopic and cuticular traits of fossils of members of the group Czekanowskiales from China, and use it to classify the studied fossils on the basis of quantitative analytical evidence.^[56]
A study on the morphology and affinities of Furcula granulifer is published by Coiro et al. (2024), who interpret the studied plant as a likely relative of pteridosperms such as Scytophyllum and Vittaephyllum, and interpret F. granulifer as a plant that evolved its hierarchical vein system of leaves convergently with the flowering plants.^[57]
Possible caytonialean pteridosperm fossils are described from the Bajocian strata in the Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia) by Naugolnykh & Mitta (2024).^[58]

Palynology

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Jiangsupollis intertrappea^[59]	Sp. nov		Thakre et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		India

Palynological research

A study on the palynoflora from the Permian Emakwezini Formation (South Africa) is published by Balarino et al. (2024), who interpret the studied fossils as providing evidence of the presence of complex forests during the Guadalupian, with plant diversity greater than indicated by the macrofloral record.^[60]
A study on the age of the Santa Clara Abajo and the Santa Clara Arriba formations and their
palynomorph assemblages, previously inferred to be Carnian-Norian in age, is published by Benavente et al. (2024), who determine an upper Anisian age for both formations, and interpret their findings as indicating that the taxonomic composition of Triassic Gondwanan palynomorph assemblages correlates more strongly with latitude than with geologic age.^[61]

The interpretation of Cycadopites and Ricciisporites proposed by Vajda et al. (2023), who considered them to represent, respectively, normal and aberrant pollen produced by the same plant with Lepidopteris ottonis foliage and Antevsia zeilleri pollen sacs,^[62] is contested by Zavialova (2024);^[63] Vajda et al. (2024) subsequently reaffirm that Antevsia zeilleri produced Cycadopites and Ricciisporites pollen.^[64]
Evidence from pollen and spores from the Jiyuan Basin (China), interpreted as indicative of a relationship between two peaks of wildfires of different types and changes in plant communities during the Triassic-Jurassic transition, is presented by Zhang et al. (2024).^[65]
Evidence of high abundances of malformed fern spores from the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany) during the Triassic–Jurassic transition, interpreted as indicative of persistence of volcanic-induced mercury pollution after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is presented by Bos et al. (2024).^[66]
Evidence from fossil pollen assigned to the form genus
Classopollis, interpreted as indicative of existence of a refugium of members of the family Cheirolepidiaceae, is reported from the Paleocene Lower Wilcox Group (Texas, United States) by Smith et al. (2024).^[67]

Evidence from fossil pollen interpreted as indicative of existence of ecological corridors linking Andean, Atlantic and Amazonian regions of South America during the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in establishment of complex connectivity patterns between plants from the studied parts of South America, is presented by Pinaya et al. (2024).^[68]

General Research

A study addressing and evaluating the uncertainty of plant fossil phylogenetics is published by Coiro (2024).^[69]
Review of functional traits in the plant fossil record is published by McElwain et al. (2024).^[70]
Davies, McMahon & Berry (2024) describe plant fossils from the Devonian (
Hangman Sandstone Formation (Somerset and Devon, United Kingdom), intepreted as remains of cladoxylopsid-dominated forest and possibly the oldest global evidence for the spacing of growing trees.^[71]

Evidence of changes of composition and diversity of the flora from the Carboniferous coal swamps of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield (France) in response to climate and landscape changes is presented by Molina-Solís et al. (2024).[72]
A study on changes of floral communities in southwestern China during the Permian-Triassic transition is published by Hua et al. (2024), who provide evidence indicative of frequent wildfires that destroyed the stability of wetlands prior to the main extinction phase and inhibited recovery in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and resulted in gradual replacement of fern-dominated floral communities by gymnosperm-dominated ones.^[73]
Gurung et al. (2024) use a new vegetation and climate model to study links between plant geographical range, the long-term carbon cycle and climate, and find that reduced geographical range of plants in Pangaea resulted in increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, while the expande geographical range of plants after the breakup of Pangaea amplified global CO₂ removal.^[74]

Deaths

Florissant Fossil Beds in Colorado, and fighting pollution. She was the daughter of Aldo Leopold.^[75]

S2CID 267155829
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doi:10.1002/spp2.1548
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PMID 38659272
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doi:10.26879/1293
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^ jones, K. (February 28, 2024). "Estella Bergere Leopold, environmentalist and daughter of Aldo Leopold, dies at 97".

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_in_paleobotany&oldid=1221198974"

[1] :10.1007/s10347-024-00680-3
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[2] S2CID 267155829
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[3] :10.1002/spp2.1548
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[4] S2CID 268100804
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[5] :10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105882
.

[6] S2CID 267118129
.

[7] PMID 38659272
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[8] S2CID 260996816
.

[9] PMID 38437579
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[10] :10.1080/08912963.2024.2324442
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[11] Lozano-Carmona, D. E.; Velasco-de León, M. P.; Jiménez-Rentería, J. (2024). "Reproductive organs of Early Jurassic Bennettitales from the collection of the Community Geological Museum of Rosario Nuevo "Ing. Jorge Jiménez Rentería", Oaxaca, Mexico". Paleontología Mexicana. 13 (1): 17–33.

[12] doi:10.26879/1293
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[13] S2CID 267538529
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[Vanneretal-14] 
S2CID 267535911
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[Paranothotsuga-15] 
doi:10.14241/asgp.2024.01
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[16] S2CID 257368511
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[17] S2CID 267118634
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[NJGPA3103-18] 
doi:10.1127/njgpa/2023/1182
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[19] S2CID 267696785
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[20] :10.1111/pala.12693
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[21] :10.55730/1300-008X.2799
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[22] :10.1134/S003103012360004X
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[23] :10.26879/1273
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[IJPSDioscorea-24] 
S2CID 267284371
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[QIAspidospermoxylon-25] 
doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2024.03.004
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[26] :10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.004
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[27] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105111
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[IJPSJuglans-28] 
doi:10.1086/730541
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[29] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105093
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[RPPAyalaUsmaetal-30] 
doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105090
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[31] S2CID 268015193
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[32] :10.55730/1300-008X.2798
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[33] :10.3140/bull.geosci.1892
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[34] PMID 38256828
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[Asterostemon-35] 
PMID 38597914
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[36] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105096
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[Nothophylica-37] 
S2CID 267267851
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[38] S2CID 267267981
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[39] S2CID 266968247
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[40] :10.3897/fr.27.109621
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[41] :10.11646/phytotaxa.641.4.6
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[PABCordaites-42] 
doi:10.1127/palb/2024/0083
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[43] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105092
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[44] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105114
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[45] S2CID 268186677
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[RPPHarrisiothecium-46] 
S2CID 267676131
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[47] :10.1016/j.pld.2024.03.002
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[48] S2CID 267644428
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[49] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105117
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[50] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105110
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[51] :10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105095
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[52] :10.37828/em.2024.72.18
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[53] PMID 38309270
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[54] S2CID 267099585
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[55] PMID 38485767
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[56] :10.26879/1357
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[57] PMID 38623034
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[58] S2CID 267557803
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[59] :10.1080/01916122.2023.2288669
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[60] S2CID 267271195
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[61] S2CID 267468814
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[62] :10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111723
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[63] S2CID 267072212
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[64] S2CID 267992880
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[65] :10.3389/fevo.2024.1329533
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[66] PMID 38678037
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[67] :10.1130/G51772.1
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[68] PMID 38267489
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[69] PMID 38334302
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[70] PMID 38409806
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[71] :10.1144/jgs2023-204
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[72] :10.1002/spp2.1551
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[74] PMID 38418475
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[EstellaDeath-75] s, K. (February 28, 2024). "Estella Bergere Leopold, environmentalist and daughter of Aldo Leopold, dies at 97".

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