Augustin Robespierre

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Augustin de Robespierre
Presumed portrait of Robespierre, c. 1790 (Musée Carnavalet)
Member of the National Convention
for Paris
In office
20 September 1792 – 28 July 1794
Personal details
Born
Augustin Bon Joseph de Robespierre

(1763-01-21)21 January 1763
France
Cause of deathExecution by guillotine
Political partyThe Mountain

Augustin Bon Joseph de Robespierre (21 January 1763 – 28 July 1794),

9 Thermidor, Robespierre volunteered to be arrested as well, and he was executed by the guillotine
along with Maximilien and 20 of his supporters.

Early life

Robespierre was born in

Cardinal de Rohan, if he would transfer the scholarship to younger brother to allow him to follow the same career. The Cardinal agreed and Augustin Robespierre took up his brother's place studying law.[3]: 31 [5]
: 16 

Although his political views were very similar to those of his brother, Robespierre was very different in character. Handsome, he was also fond of good food, gaming and the company of women,[6]: 169  and called "Bonbon". At the outset of the Revolution, Robespierre was prosecutor-syndic of Arras.[7]: 292  Together with Martial Herman he founded a political club in the town and wrote to his brother to secure its affiliation with the Jacobins in Paris.[3]: 115  In 1791, he was appointed administrator of the département of Pas-de-Calais.

Convention

Charlotte Robespierre

Robespierre stood for election to the new

Jacobin Club.[3]: 208  At the Convention he distinguished himself by the vehemence of his attacks on the royal family and on aristocrats. During the trial of Louis XVI he voted for the death penalty to be applied within 24 hours.[8]
: 565 

When he first came to Paris to take his seat he was accompanied by his sister

Rue Saint Honoré. Like his brother Maximilien, Augustin refused to marry Duplay's daughter Éléonore.[9][10][11] Soon, Charlotte persuaded Maximilien to come with them to a new lodging in the nearby Rue Saint-Florentin
because of his increased prestige and her tensions with Madame Duplay. However, this arrangement did not last long.

At the end of July 1793, Robespierre was sent on a mission to Alpes-Maritimes to suppress the Federalist revolt,[1] together with another deputy from the convention, Jean François Ricord. Charlotte accompanied him. Much of southeastern France (Midi) was in rebellion against the Republic, and they barely made it alive after an attack by counter-revolutionaries in Manosque on August 12, 1793. In September 1793, they arrived in Nice where they felt secure enough to attend the theatre, but on the third occasion they did so, they were pelted with rotten apples.[3]: 252  Meanwhile Robespierre discovered a pamphlet entitled Le souper de Beaucaire (The supper at Beaucaire), written by Napoleon, and was impressed by the revolutionary context.[12]: 21  Napoleon was promoted into the position of senior gunner at Toulon.[13] On 17 December Augustin stayed in Ollioules. On 19 December 1793 Augustin did not take part in the military action, led by Dugommier and Napoleon, which retook Toulon from the British.[3]: 258  He seems to have left a few hours before or the day after and was not present when Fréron took revenge on the population. When he returned to Paris, Augustin decided not to move in with Charlotte; they were no longer on speaking terms.[14] In early January Augustin Robespierre was shocked at the changed atmosphere in the Jacobin club.[15][16] By now the revolutionaries feared one another.[17] Augustin went to live with Ricord and his wife.[6]: 170–171  Maximilien returned to the Duplays' house in February 1794, being sick.

At the end of January Robespierre was dispatched once again as a

representant en mission, now to the Army of Italy in Haute-Saône. This time he took with him his mistress, La Saudraye, the creole wife of a literary man.[7]: 484  She accompanied him to the local Popular Society in Besançon, where members reacted indignantly to the active role she took in debates, and to the fact that Robespierre listened to and thought highly of her opinions on politics.[18]: 239  He also used his influence while with the Army of Italy to advance Napoleon's career.[12]: 21 [19]: 136  On his return to Paris he served as a secretary to the convention.[1]

Death

9 Thermidor
Augustin Robespierre led up the steps to the guillotine on 28 July 1794

Robespierre was in the hall of the Convention on the day of

La Force while Maximilien was taken to the Luxembourg.[20][3]: 320  Because of the Commune's orders, they were released and made their way to the Hôtel de Ville. Escorted by two municipal officers, Robespierre was the first to arrive.[21]: 322 [22] There they spent the rest of the evening vainly trying to coordinate an insurrection. In the early morning of 10 Thermidor, the forces of the Convention under Paul Barras burst in and succeeded in taking most of them alive, except Le Bas, who had shot himself, and Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal
, who succeeded in escaping but turned himself in after a week.

In order to avoid capture, Robespierre took off his shoes and jumped from a ledge. He landed on the steps, or on some bayonets, resulting in a pelvic fracture and several serious head contusions.[23]: 271  Barras ordered that Robespierre be carried back to the rooms of the Committee of General Security.[1] After a couple of hours the prisoners were taken to the Conciergerie prison; four of them were lying on stretchers. After identification at the Revolutionary Tribunal according to the Law of 22 Prairial, the twenty-two convicts were sent to the scaffold on Place de la Révolution in the early evening. Couthon was the second of the prisoners to be executed, with Robespierre as the third, Hanriot as the ninth and Maximilien as the tenth.[24]: 210 

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Augustin, Bon, Joseph de Robespierre (Biography)" (in French). National Assembly. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  2. ISBN 9780870980381
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 9781466805781
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0300118117
    .
  5. ISBN 9780094578500
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 9780684140551
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 9781787205185
    .
  8. ^ a b Robert, Jean Baptiste Magloire (1814). Vie politique de tous les députés à la Convention nationale (in French). Chez L. Saintmichel.
  9. ^ Mémoires de Charlotte Robespierre sur ses deux frères, pp. 90–91
  10. ^ Robespierre 2006.
  11. ^ Hampson 1974, p. 87.
  12. ^
    ISBN 9780297765691
    .
  13. ^ Dwyer, p. 136.
  14. OCLC 1096803462
    .
  15. ISBN 9782213689463
    – via Google Books.
  16. ISBN 9782072808562
    – via Google Books.
  17. ISBN 9780191009914
    – via Google Books.
  18. ISBN 9780199576302
    .
  19. ISBN 9780300148206
    .
  20. ISBN 978-0-521-44105-6
    .
  21. ^ Hamel, Ernest (1897). Thermidor : d'après les sources originales et les documents authentiques (in French).
  22. doi:10.1093/ahr/119.3.689
    .
  23. ^ Lenotre, G. (1924). Robespierre's Rise and Fall. Translated by Stawell, Rodolph (Mrs.). Hutchinson & Co.
  24. ^ Sanson, Henri; Sanson, Charles Henri; Sanson, Henri; Olbreuze, d' (1876). Memoirs of the Sansons, from private notes and documents, 1688–1847. Chatto and Windus.

Sources

Further reading

External links
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