Bangka Island
Bangka is an island lying east of
Geography
Bangka is the largest landmass of the province of the
The island's largest city,
The population was 626,955 in 1990,[5] 960,692 at the 2010 census and 1,146,581 at the 2020 census;[6] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,191,300. The area is 11,831 square kilometres (4,568 square miles) (including smaller offshore islands).
History
During the glacial periods, Bangka was connected to mainland Asia similarly with the larger islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo as part of the Sunda Shelf, and got separated once the sea level rose.
The Kota Kapur inscription, dated from 686 CE, was found in Bangka in 1920, showed Srivijayan influence on the island around the 7th century.[7] Later, the island was conquered by an expedition from Majapahit, led by Gajah Mada, which appointed local rulers and established social structures. As the empire declined, Bangka fell into neglect.
Bangka was recorded as Peng-ka hill (彭加山) in the 1436
Later on, the island was taken over by the Johor and Minangkabau Sultanates which introduced Islam to the island. It continued to pass to the Banten Sultanate before it was then inherited by the nearby Palembang Sultanate sometime in the late 17th century. Soon after, around 1710, tin was discovered on the island which attracted migrants from across the archipelago and beyond.[9] Descendants of the Chinese immigrants, mainly from Guangdong, still form a large portion of modern Bangka's inhabitants.
As tin mining developed further, the Palembang Sultanate sent for experts in Malay Peninsula and China. The Dutch East India Company managed to secure a monopolistic tin purchase agreement in 1722, but hostilities began to develop between the Sultan and the Dutch. During the British invasion of Java in 1811, then-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin attacked and massacred the staff of the Dutch post on the island. He was later deposed and executed by the British.[9] His successor ceded Bangka to Britain in 1812, but in 1814 Britain exchanged it with the Dutch for Cochin in India following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
Around the late years of the 18th century, Bangka was an important production center of tin in Asia, with annual outputs hovering around 1,250 tons.[8] In 1930 Bangka had a population of 205,363.[10] Japan occupied the island from February 1942 to August 1945 during World War II. The Japanese military perpetrated the Bangka Island massacre against Australian nurses and British and Australian servicemen and civilians.
During the
Bangka is also home to a number of
Economy
Tin and environmental issues
Since circa 1710, Bangka has been one of the world's main
Other
Demographics
The majority of the inhabitants are
See also
References
- ^ "Largest Islands of Indonesia". Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.19)
- ^ "Indonesian Government Eyeing Bangka Island for 2 Nuclear Power Plants". Jakarta Globe. 2010. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
- ^ a b "Bangka." Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online. 2013. Columbia University Press. 01 Nov. 2013. [1]
- ^ Badan Pusaty Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- OCLC 958845419.
- ^ a b Utomo, Bambang Budi. "Bangka-Belitung dalam Lintas Niaga" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Indonesian Ministry of Education. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- ^ a b Abdullah, Husnial Husin (1983). Sejarah Perjuangan Kemerdekaan R.I. Di Bangka Belitung. Karya Unipress. p. 393.
- ^ Columbia-Lippincott Gazetter
- ^ Hodal, Kate (2012-11-23). "Death metal: tin mining in Indonesia". the Guardian. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
If you own a mobile, it's probably held together by tin from the Indonesian island of Bangka. Mining is wrecking the environment and every year it claims dozens more lives
- ^ "Illegal mining fuels social conflict in Indonesian tin hub of Bangka-Belitung". Mongabay Environmental News. 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
Tin mining is the backbone of the Bangka Belitung economy, but has also proven deadly for workers and damaging to coral reefs, mangrove forests and local fisheries.
- .