Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. | |
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Born | Rotterdam, Netherlands | 30 August 1852
Died | 1 March 1911 | (aged 58)
Nationality | Dutch |
Alma mater |
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Known for |
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Awards |
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Scientific career | |
Fields | Physical chemistry Organic chemistry Theoretical chemistry |
Institutions |
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Doctoral advisor | Eduard Mulder[2] |
Doctoral students | Ernst Cohen |
Other notable students | Frederick G. Donnan |
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (Dutch: [vɑn (ə)t ˈɦɔf]; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemist of his time, van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[3][4][5] His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics. In his 1874 pamphlet, van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of stereochemistry. In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of allenes and cumulenes as well as their axial chirality.[6] He is also widely considered one of the founders of physical chemistry as the discipline is known today.[7][8][9]
Biography
The third of seven children, van 't Hoff was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, 30 August 1852. His father was Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Sr., a physician, and his mother was Alida Kolff van 't Hoff.[10] From a young age, he was interested in science and nature, and frequently took part in botanical excursions. In his early school years, he showed a strong interest in poetry and philosophy. He considered Lord Byron to be his idol.
Against the wishes of his father, van 't Hoff chose to study
In 1878, van 't Hoff married Johanna Francina Mees. They had two daughters, Johanna Francina (1880–1964) and Aleida Jacoba (1882–1971), and two sons, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff III (1883–1943) and Govert Jacob (1889–1918). Van 't Hoff died at the age of 58, on 1 March 1911, at Steglitz, near Berlin, of tuberculosis.
Career
This section includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2020) |
Organic chemistry
Van 't Hoff earned his earliest reputation in the field of
Three months before his doctoral degree was awarded, van 't Hoff published this theory, which today is regarded as the foundation of stereochemistry, first in a Dutch pamphlet in the fall of 1874, and then in the following May in a small French book entitled La chimie dans l'espace. A German translation appeared in 1877, at a time when the only job van 't Hoff could find was at the Veterinary School in Utrecht. In these early years his theory was largely ignored by the scientific community, and was sharply criticized by one prominent chemist, Hermann Kolbe. Kolbe wrote:
"A Dr. J. H. van 't Hoff of the Veterinary School at Utrecht has no liking, apparently, for exact chemical investigation. He has considered it more convenient to mount Pegasus (apparently borrowed from the Veterinary School) and to proclaim in his ‘La chimie dans l’espace’ how, in his bold flight to the top of the chemical Parnassus, the atoms appeared to him to be arranged in cosmic space."
However, by about 1880, support for van 't Hoff's theory by such important chemists as Johannes Wislicenus and Viktor Meyer brought recognition.
Physical chemistry
In 1884, van 't Hoff published his research on chemical kinetics, titled Études de Dynamique chimique ("Studies in Chemical Dynamics"), in which he described a new method for determining the
Van 't Hoff became a lecturer in chemistry and physics at the
Honours and awards
In 1885, van 't Hoff was appointed as a Member of the
On 14 May 2021, asteroid
Works
- Chimie dans l'espace (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1894.
- Chemische Dynamik (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1898.
- Chemische Statik (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1899.
- Beziehungen zwischen Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1900.
- Foundations of the theory of dilute solutions. Edinburgh: Alembic Club. 1929.
References
- ^ "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015.
- ISBN 9781351952453.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Nobel Lecture Osmotic Pressure and Chemical Equilibrium from Nobelprize.org website
- ^ Grandin, Karl (ed.). "Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Biography". Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
- ^ La Chemie dans l'Espace, Bazendijk: Rotterdam, 1875
- PMID 11668534.
- S2CID 218636163.
- PMID 10672458.
- ^ Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff on Nobelprize.org
- ^ a b H.A.M., Snelders (1993). De geschiedenis van de scheikunde in Nederland. Deel 1: Van alchemie tot chemie en chemische industrie rond 1900. Delftse Universitaire Pers.
- ^ a b Cordfunke, E. H. P. (2001). Een romantisch geleerde: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852–1911). Vossiuspers UvA.
- ^ a b Cohen, E. (1899). Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.
- ^ Entry in Digital Album Promotorum Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine of Utrecht University
- ^ *Van 't Hoff (3 September 1874) Voorstel tot Uitbreiding der Tegenwoordige in de Scheikunde gebruikte Structuurformules in de Ruimte, benevens een daarmee samenhangende Opmerking omtrent het Verband tusschen Optisch Actief Vermogen en chemische Constitutie van Organische Verbindingen (Proposal for the Extension of Current Chemical Structural Formulas into Space, together with Related Observation on the Connection between Optically Active Power and the Chemical Constitution of Organic Compounds) [pamphlet published by the author]. Available in English at: ChemTeam.
- Reprinted in French in: J.H. van 't Hoff (1874) "Sur les formules de structure dans l'espace," Archives neerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles, 9:445–454.
- ^ Planar Methane – Periodic Table of Videos. YouTube. Retrieved on 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Jacobus Hendrik van 't Hoff (1852–1911)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ "WGSBN Bulletin Archive". Working Group Small Body Nomenclature. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021. (Bulletin #1)
Further reading
- Patrick Coffey, Cathedrals of Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-532134-0
- Hornix WJ, Mannaerts SHWM, Van 't Hoff and the emergence of Chemical Thermodynamics, Delft University Press, 2001, ISBN 90-407-2259-5
- Works by or about Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff at Wikisource
External links
- Works by Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff at Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 13 December 1901 Osmotic Pressure and Chemical Equilibrium