July 1980

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July 19, 1980: Summer Olympic Games open in Moscow [1]
July 24, 1980: Republic of Vanuatu granted independence
July 16, 1980: Former U.S. President Ford turns down offer to become U.S. vice president nominee

The following events happened in July 1980:

July 30, 1980: Israel's parliament votes for Jerusalem reunification and annexes former Jordanian territory in East Jerusalem (green) to Israel's West Jerusalem (blue) [2]

July 1, 1980 (Tuesday)

  • "O Canada" became the national anthem for Canada after the National Anthem Act received royal assent and took effect as part of the Dominion Day celebrations.[3][4]
  • In Ohio,
    Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times and the Chicago Sun-Times.[6]
  • The Los Angeles Unified School District became the largest school system in the United States to adopt a calendar of year-round school as part of easing congestion in 44 overcrowded schools, starting with ten units (four elementary schools, and six middle and junior high schools. On July 7, the plan started in 34 more elementaries.[7] Under the plan, one-fourth of the elementary students in a year-round school were on a 3-week vacation at any given time for every 9 weeks in school. In secondary schools, the rotation was 18 weeks of school with 6 week vacation breaks throughout the school year.
  • The deregulation of the American trucking industry began as U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 into law.[8]
  • In Oslo, Steve Ovett broke the world record for fastest mile, running in 3 minutes, 48.8 seconds, 2/10ths of a second faster than the mark of 3:49.0 set by his fellow Briton, Sebastian Coe in 1979. Earlier in the day, Coe set a new record for running 1,000 meters, in 2 minutes, 13.40 seconds, besting Rick Wohlhuter's 1976 record of 2:13.90.[9]
  • The U.S. Congress authorized a site of two acres in Constitution Gardens near the Lincoln Memorial for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.[10] With the $2.3 million cost for the memorial to paid for from private donations.
  • In
    Hyatt Regency Hotel opened to the public, featuring an atrium above the lobby that included three pedestrian bridges and a construction flaw caused by the alteration of the support for the second and fourth floor bridges.[11] Slightly more than a year later, on July 17, 1981, the decision to suspend the second floor bridge from the bridge above it, rather than from the ceiling, would result in the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse, killing 114 people and injuring 216.[12]
  • Born:
  • Died: C. P. Snow, 74, English novelist

July 2, 1980 (Wednesday)

  • The government of Poland announced that the price for consumer goods was being increased, after 14 years of prices being maintained at the same level with government subsidies. Two previous attempts to raise the price of meat— in December 1970 and June 1976— had been rescinded after rioting. Trybuna Ludu, the official newspaper of the ruling Polish United Workers Party, announced that increases were made because "there are now ways speedily to improve the market situation." The price of beef doubled from $1.50 per pound to $3.00 per pound, and raw bacon to $2.30 per pound.[13] The first reported reaction was that 6,000 employees of a tractor factory in the Warsaw suburb of Ursus walked off the job in a one-day strike. Two days later, thousands of Polish workers walked off the job on what would be the first of many labor strikes that would lead to the recognition of the Solidarity Movement in August.
  • U.S. President Jimmy Carter issued Presidential Proclamation 4771 and re-instated the requirement that young men register with the Selective Service System.[14] At that time it was required that all males, born on or after January 1, 1960, register with the Selective Service System. Those who were now in this category were male U.S. citizens and male immigrant non-citizens between the ages of 18 and 25; they were required to register within 30 days of their 18th birthday even if they were not actually eligible to join the military.
  • The government of
    vote of confidence in the lower house of parliament, with 214 supporting his removal and 227 opposed.[15] Turkish military leaders had planned for a coup d'état to take place on July 11, but called it off in the wake of the vote; the Supreme Military Council met again on August 26 and overthrew Demirel's government on September 12.[16]
  • A U.S. federal judge in Miami ordered a halt to deportation of more than 4,000 black Haitians. In a 180-page decision, James L. King wrote that people who fled Haiti were victims of prejudice by the United States government and had been denied due process by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).[17]
  • The comedy Airplane!, a parody of the popular disaster film genre, was released throughout the U.S. and Canada, and attracted generally favorable reviews. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that "'Airplane!' has jokes— hilarious jokes— to spare. It's also clever and confident and furiously energetic."[18] and Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called in "a thrillingly nutty send-up of the movies, with the redeeming and overdue social value of generous and innocent laughter."[19] However, Kathleen Carroll of the Daily News wrote that after the first hour, "'Airplane' loses its buoyancy. Jim Abrahams, David Zucker and Jerry Zucker... become so desperate for laughs that the jokes descend to a much cruder level. And 'Airplane' does an abrupt nosedive, turning into a hopelessly flat movie."[20]
  • Greenland's first national soccer football team played its first international match. The meeting, at Sauðárkrókur at the first annual Greenland Cup in Iceland, was against another Danish territory, the Faroe Islands. The new team lost its first game, 6–0.[21] The next day, Greenland hosted Iceland in Húsavík, losing 4–1, finishing third in the tournament.
  • Harborplace opened as a centerpiece of the revival of downtown Baltimore and the rebuilding of Baltimore's Inner Harbor.[22] The $20 million shopping center had 120 restaurants, specialty markets and shops shielded beneath two glass-enclosed pavilions.[23]

July 3, 1980 (Thursday)

  • The pilot of a crop-dusting airplane used his aircraft to take himself and 19 other people out of the Socialist Republic of Romania to flee the Communist government of Nicolae Ceaușescu.[24] After taking off from Arad, Aurel Popescu flew across the Hungarian People's Republic for two hours before his fuel ran out as he crossed into Austria and glided to a safe landing in a cornfield near the village of Pertlstein.
  • Two weeks before the Moscow Olympics, Elena Mukhina, the 1978 world champion in gymnastics was severely injured while training in Minsk.[25] Mukhina fractured her cervical spine while practicing difficult maneuvers and was permanently paralyzed from the neck down.
  • Born:
  • Died: Abdelhamid Sharaf, 41, Prime Minister of Jordan since December; from a heart attack. King Hussein announced the death in a live radio broadcast and said that "His death could not have come at a worse time."[26]

July 4, 1980 (Friday)

  • women's singles title at Wimbledon for the first time in nine years.[27]
  • A group of 26 illegal aliens from El Salvador were smuggled across the border from Mexico into the United States, and then robbed by their guides and abandoned in the Yuma Desert within the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Arizona. The next day, one of the survivors reached Arizona State Route 85 near the town of Ajo. Searchers from the Pima County sheriff's office, the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, the National Park Service and the Arizona Department of Public Safety then searched the area and found 12 other survivors, along with 13 bodies of the unfortunate travelers who had died from dehydration.[28] Border patrol agents had found three survivors on Friday night, who had insisted that there were no other people in the 517 sq mi (1,340 km2) park, and a search was not started until 24 hours later.[29]

July 5, 1980 (Saturday)

  • Björn Borg of Sweden defeated John McEnroe of the United States to win his fifth consecutive singles title at Wimbledon in what one reporter described as "the tennis match to end all tennis matches".[30] The finals match came down to a tiebreaker in the fifth game of the fifth set after McEnroe edged Borg, 7 games to 6 in a tie breaker to even the best-of-5 match, two sets to two.
  • Born: Fabián Ríos, Colombian TV actor, in Curití
  • Died: Hans Bayer, known by the pseudonym Thaddäus Troll, 66, German journalist and Swabian German dialect poet, by suicide.

July 6, 1980 (Sunday)

Mauritania
Shakespeare
  • The abolition of legal
    Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the ruling Military Committee for National Salvation, led by its chairman, Lt. Col. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly.[31] A communique from the capital, Nouakchott, announced that the committee, after consultation with Islamic legal scholars (oulemas) "of the nation, on the question of slavery, which is considered by the regime to be anachronistic." The government said further that "The overwhelming majority of the oulemas recognized the justification of slavery under Islamic law", but that the scholars "had reservations as to its origins in Mauritania and the way the system is operated in our country."[32] The order had no immediate effect on the practice of wealthy, white and light-skinned Arab-Berber exercising ownership over impoverished black Haratin residents.[33]
  • Edinburgh University team, led by Thomas Merriam, had used a stylistic analysis of the words of the play in comparison to Shakespeare's other works. "If the attribution is accepted, The Observer noted, "it will be the first new play to be added to the Shakespeare canon since Pericles was included in the third folio edition of 1664." [34]
  • Seventy-one people, most of them Cuban tourists who were passengers on a double-decker excursion boat on the
    Canimar River, were killed when the XX Aniversario was hijacked by rebels, and then shelled and sunk by the Cuban Armed Forces.[35][36][37]
  • Born:
    • Pau Gasol, Spanish pro basketball player, 2002 NBA Rookie of the Year, and six-time All-Star; in Barcelona
    • Sami Khan (stage name for Mansoor Aslam Khan Niazi), Pakistani film and TV actor; in Lahore
  • Died: Gail Patrick, 69, American actress and television producer who served as executive producer of the Perry Mason series

July 7, 1980 (Monday)

  • The
    Bashir Gemayel's Phalangist militia. According to witnesses, the victims had spent the day on the beach while fighting went on in Safra, and were arrested and shot to death by Phalangist soldiers.[38]
  • The
    parliament of Syria passed a law making membership in the Muslim Brotherhood punishable by death.[39] President Hafez al-Assad announced the next day that members of the Muslim Brotherhood would be spared the death penalty if they surrendered before being confronted by law enforcement. The legislation provided legal authority for "shoot on sight" raids on suspected Brotherhood hideouts.[40]
  • Military leaders in
    Ba'ath Party under the leadership of President Saddam Hussein, to prepare to launch a war against Iran. An invasion would take place in September.[41]
  • Iran's chief prosecutor, the Ayatollah
    Islamic dress code or to be fired. In the first year of the Iranian Revolution, western-style clothing had been tolerated by the new regime.[42]
  • The final performance by Led Zeppelin of "Stairway to Heaven" was made at the closing concert of the band's Tour Over Europe 1980, at the Eissporthalle near Berlin in the suburb of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.[43] After the death of drummer John Bonham in September, the heavy metal group broke up on December 4.[44] The band would not do another full-length concert for more than 27 years until the reunion of Robert Plant, Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones December 10, 2007, in London.[45]
  • Born: Michelle Kwan, American figure-skater and five time World Championship ladies singles gold medalist; in Torrance, California
  • Died:
    • Dan White, 72, (March 25, 1908 – July 7, 1980), Award winning American actor in vaudeville, theater, radio, film and television
    • Isadore "Dore" Schary, 74, Oscar-winning American screenwriter, playwright and later President of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Studios.
    • Cleveland Denny, 24, Guyanese boxer and former Canadian lightweight champion, died in Montreal 17 days after being knocked out in a June 20 bout with Gaetan Hart. Denny never regained consciousness after the match at Olympic Stadium.

July 8, 1980 (Tuesday)

July 9, 1980 (Wednesday)

  • Hundreds of Iranian officers and servicemen were arrested at Nojeh Air Base, near Hamedan, foiling a plot to overthrow the government of the Ayatollah Khomeini and President Abolhassan Banisadr, and to disestablish the Islamic Republic.[52]
  • Pope John Paul II visited Brazil. Seven people were crushed to death as a crowd surged into Castelão stadium in Fortaleza to see him.[53] Although the stadium had a capacity of 120,000 people, an estimated 200,000 came to see the Pontiff.
  • The record heat wave in the U.S., originally centered on Texas expanded across the South and the Plains States with temperatures above 100 °F in eight states and above 90° in twelve others.[54] With the heat wave in its 17th day, the death toll rose to 177 nationwide.[55] Within four days, 443 people in 15 states had died from heat stroke, with the majority of them in Missouri, Texas and Arkansas.[56]

July 10, 1980 (Thursday)

July 11, 1980 (Friday)

July 12, 1980 (Saturday)

  • The 12.895 km (8.013 mi) long Fréjus Road Tunnel under Col du Fréjus in the Cottian Alps opened between France and Italy.[66] At the time, it was the second longest road tunnel in the world (after the 16.918 km (10.512 mi) Arlberg Road Tunnel), before being superseded by the 16.918 km (10.512 mi) Gotthard Road Tunnel in September. It connects Modane in France and Bardonecchia in Italy.
  • QUBE, a cable-television system in Columbus, Ohio with an interactive media channel that allowed viewer participation, sponsored a football game where the viewers were given the opportunity to decide the plays. In the game, a semi-pro football exhibition between the visiting Racine Gladiators of Wisconsin and the Columbus Metros, viewers were offered five choices for offensive plays (rush up the middle, rush to one side, and short, medium and long passes) and three defensive plays (straight defense, blitz or team choice). Metros coach Hal Dyer was required to follow whichever option received the highest tabulated number of viewer responses [67] Roughly 5,000 of QUBE's 30,000 subscribers participated, and although the Metros took a 7 to 0 lead before the game was interrupted by a thunderstorm, they lost to the Gladiators, 10 to 7.[68]
  • Died:
    Sud-Aviation SE 210 Caravelle and later for the Concorde
    .

July 13, 1980 (Sunday)

July 14, 1980 (Monday)

  • In Canada, a fire on the top floor of the three-story
    Mississauga, Ontario, killed 21 residents and injured 35 others. All of the victims were either bedridden or confined to wheelchairs. The nursing home's policy was to keep the least ambulatory patients on the higher floors.[71]
  • Billy Carter, the brother of U.S. President Jimmy Carter, was forced to register with the U.S. Department of Justice as a foreign agent for Libya. Billy acknowledged that he had accepted $220,000 from the government of Muammar Gaddafi.[72]

July 15, 1980 (Tuesday)

The Minitel terminal [73]

July 16, 1980 (Wednesday)

July 17, 1980 (Thursday)

Suzuki
Ronald and Nancy Reagan

July 18, 1980 (Friday)

July 19, 1980 (Saturday)

An Olympic emblem in Estonia [93]

July 20, 1980 (Sunday)

July 21, 1980 (Monday)

Eugenia Charles
  • Mary Eugenia Charles won 17 of the 21 seats in a landslide, driving out the Democratic Labor Party led by Prime Minister Oliver Seraphin.[106]
  • The New York Post, which had operated for 179 years as the world's largest-circulation afternoon daily newspaper, published its first morning edition, after publisher Rupert Murdoch announced that it would print two more morning editions along with the three published in the evening. The move came after the morning Daily News' announced that it would soon publish an afternoon edition.[107]
  • A record-breaking heat wave in the United States spread from the Midwest to the U.S. east coast, with temperatures reaching 101 °F in the shade in New York City.[108] Temperatures in Texas had gone above 100° every day since a high-pressure system stalled over the area on June 23.
  • Gymnast
    Nadia Comaneci of Romania, who in 1976 had become the first Olympian to receive a perfect score (10) from judges, was given another 10 at the Moscow games for her routine on the balance beam. Natalia Shaposhnikova was awarded a 10 on the same day for her performance on the vault.[109]
  • Born: CC Sabathia, American major league baseball pitcher and 2007 Cy Young Award winner; in Vallejo, California
  • Died: Salah al-Din al-Bitar, 68, former Prime Minister of Syria, was murdered in Paris after his agitation against Syria's President Hafez Assad.[110] After being called to meet a journalist at a specific time, he was ambushed by a gunman who shot him twice in the back of the head after he unlocked his office.

July 22, 1980 (Tuesday)

  • By a vote of 197 to 82, the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association (AMA) approved a new code of ethics that cleared the way for physicians to advertise, eliminating a stipulation that said that doctors "should not solicit patients." The new AMA code, the first since 1957, also removed the prohibition that had prohibited physicians from working with chiropractors.[111]
  • The U.S. Federal Communications Commission voted, 4 to 3, to eliminate rules that had limited the number of cable television channels that a local cable provider could provide its customers. The FCC also revoked its rules of syndication exclusivity which prohibited a cable provider from showing a syndicated program if a local TV station was carrying the same program.[112]
  • The 24-member International Whaling Commission failed to pass a worldwide moratorium against the commercial killing of whales. Although 13 members voted in favor, 9 against and 2 abstentions, the moratorium required the approval of a 3/4ths majority or 18 nations.[113] The IWC members later voted unanimously to ban the hunting of killer whales in the waters surrounding Antarctica.[114]
  • At the Olympics in Moscow, Soviet swimmer Vladimir Salnikov became the first person ever to swim 1,500 meters in less than 15 minutes.[115]
  • Born:
    • Kate Ryan (stage name for Katrien Verbeeck), Belgian singer and songwriter and 2008 World Music Award winner; in Tessenderlo
    • Tablo (stage name for Daniel Armand Lee), South Korean-born Canadian hip hop artist; in Seoul
    • Dirk Kuyt, Dutch soccer football winger and Netherlands national team member; in Katwijk
  • Died:
    • Ali Akbar Tabatabaei, 49, a former aide to the Shah of Iran and a vocal opponent of the Ayatollah Khomeini, was shot and killed in front of his home in Bethesda, Maryland.[116] The killing was done by David Theodore Belfield, an African-American who had converted to Islam.[117][118]
    • Kemal Türkler, 54, Turkish trade union leader, was assassinated by three gunmen, shortly after driving away from his home in Bakirkoy, a suburb of Istanbul. Türkler had been president of the Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions, the nation's largest labor union for miners and metalworkers.[119]
    • Hans-Georg Bürger, 28, West German Formula II race car driver, died two days after crashing during warm-up laps hours before the European Championship Grand Prix was to start in Zandvoort near Amsterdam.[120]

July 23, 1980 (Wednesday)

Gorbatko and Pham
TMI-2
  • Lieutenant Colonel Phạm Tuân became the first Vietnamese cosmonaut after being launched into space with Viktor Gorbatko on Soyuz 37.[121] He remained in space for slightly less than 8 days and returned to Earth on July 31.
  • Two volunteers, William Behrle III and Michael Benson, became the first people in almost 16 months to set foot inside the radioactively contaminated
    TMI-2 reactor containment building located in Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg for the first time since the March 28, 1979 meltdown of a nuclear reactor and stayed for 20 minutes, measuring radiation levels, conducting a visual inspection and removing some contaminated equipment for testing. A follow-up inspection was made on August 15 as Behrle and Benson were accompanied by two other volunteer technicians.[123]
  • A 66-day
    Tomas O Fiaich, who said that Meehan's death would provoke bloodshed in Northern Ireland.[124]
  • Died:
    • Riad Taha, 53, Lebanese newspaper publisher, was assassinated by gunmen while driving through Beirut. During Taha's funeral procession, 14 people were killed and 21 seriously wounded in a shootout between Shia and Sunni Muslims.[125]
    • Keith Godchaux, 32, keyboardist for the Grateful Dead, died four days after being severely injured in an auto accident. Godchaux had been a passenger in a car that slammed into a parked flatbed truck near Ross, California.[126]
    • Helen Hagnes Mintiks, 30, a violinist for the Metropolitan Opera orchestra in New York, was murdered during an intermission of a performance of the visiting Deutsche Oper Berlin ballet troupe. At 9:30, she left the women's locker room and told a friend that she was walking to the dressing room of the ballet's star, Valery Panov, but never arrived. Her body was found the next morning in a ventilating shaft at the Lincoln Center.[127] Craig Crimmins, a stagehand at the Met, was arrested six weeks later [128] and ultimately confessed to strangling Mintiks.[129]

July 24, 1980 (Thursday)

  • A team of 200 French paratroopers and British Marines arrived on the island of
    Republic of Vanuatu, and rebel leader Jimmy Stevens and his followers fled into the jungle.[131]
  • Olga Rukavishnikova set a record for shortest-lived world record in the final event of the Women's pentathlon at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She crossed the finish line first in the 800 meter race for 4,937 decathlon points, beating the old record of 4,856 points. But 0.4 seconds later, Nadiya Tkachenko's second-place finish set a new record of 5,083 points.[132]
  • Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest and most industrialised city, faced the largest strike by migrant municipal workers. More than 10 000 African municipal workers participated in the walkout.[133]
  • Died:
    • Peter Sellers, 54, English film actor and comedian, two days after a heart attack
    • Uttam Kumar (stage name for Arun Kumar Chatterjee), 53, Indian film actor and director and the most popular star of Bengali cinema

July 25, 1980 (Friday)

  • As
    voted to select the junta leader, General Policarpo Paz García, as the civilian government president, until the newly elected Constituent Assembly could approve a new constitution for the Central American republic. The 71-member unicameral parliament, with 35 Liberal Party, 33 Nationalist Party, and three from the Innovation Party, was unanimous in keeping General Paz.[134][135]
  • Born: Cha Du-ri, German and South Korean pro soccer football striker for the Bundesliga and for the South Korean national team; in Frankfurt
  • Died:
    • Wolfgang Beer, West German terrorists, were killed in a traffic accident near Bietigheim-Bissingen. Plambeck was driving near Stuttgart when her car collided head-on with a large truck coming from the other direction. Police found two sub-machine guns, three large caliber handguns and several forged passports in the wreckage of her Volkswagen Golf car. Plambeck had been sought by police for five years after the murder of West Berlin judge Gunter von Drenkmann.[136]
    • Vladimir Vysotsky, 42, Soviet singer and songwriter; from a heart attack
    • Erich Fuchs, 78, convicted German war criminal who served four years in prison for being an accessory to the murder of 79,000 Jewish prisoners at the Sobibor extermination camp.

July 26, 1980 (Saturday)

July 27, 1980 (Sunday)

The Shah in 1973
  • lymphatic cancer. The former absolute monarch, "hailed by some as a tough but progressive leader of a backward country and reviled by many as one of the worst tyrants of modern times" [138] had been living at the Kubbeh Palace with his family since March 24 as the guest of Egypt's President Anwar Sadat, and succumbed at the Maadi Military Hospital. Los Angeles Times reporter said of the Shah, "In the end, he was an almost pathetic figure, despised by most of his former subjects, shunned by many world leaders with whom he had hobnobbed and, despite a huge fortune, essentially powerless to choose his place of exile.[138] Echoing what most Iranians felt about their former monarch, Tehran Radio interrupted its regular programming and announced "Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, the bloodsucker of the century, has died at last." [139]
  • A Palestinian terrorist killed a 17-year-old boy and injured 20 other people by throwing grenades at a group of 40 Jewish teenagers in Antwerp in Belgium. The group of students from Austria, the Netherlands, Britain and France, was standing in front of the Agoudath Israel cultural center in Antwerp and was waiting to board a bus for the camp at the Ardennes Hills.[140]
  • A vote to impeach
    Corte Suprema di Cassazione.[141]
  • Born:

July 28, 1980 (Monday)

  • Francisco Morales-Bermúdez turned control of the South American nation's government from military rule to civilian rule.[142]
  • John Favara, who had accidentally struck and killed the son of New York City mob boss John Gotti on March 18, disappeared after leaving work in New Hyde Park, New York on Long Island. According to witnesses, three men confronted Favara as he was getting into his car, clubbed him, and threw him into a van. Three .22 caliber cartridges were found at the scene, suggesting that the 51-year-old Favara had been executed at the scene. Favara's body was never located.[143]
  • Died: Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha, 71, Brazilian librarian

July 29, 1980 (Tuesday)

Flag of Iran
the former flag
  • Former Burmese Prime Minister U Nu was allowed to return to Burma (now Myanmar) under an amnesty granted by President Ne Win.[144]
  • The
    Imperial State of Iran, but with a new emblem and with the phrase "Allahu akbar" written in Persian script repeated 22 times across the border of the stripes.[145]
  • Born: Rachel Miner, American TV and film actress, later the wife of actor Macaulay Culkin; in New York City

July 30, 1980 (Wednesday)

July 31, 1980 (Thursday)

References

  1. ^ Attribution: RIA Novosti archive, image #104486 / Valeriy Shustov / CC-BY-SA 3.0
  2. ^ map by Adam Adom
  3. ^ "First official anthem highlights festivities", Calgary Herald, July 2, 1980, pA1
  4. ^ "Canadians Sing New Anthem", Pittsburgh Press, July 2, 1980, p1
  5. ^ "Newspapers enter age of electronics", Dayton (O.) Daily News, July 24, 1980, p4
  6. ^ "Eleven newspapers chosen for electronic delivery test", Boston Globe, June 27, 1980, p21
  7. ^ "Year-Round Classes at 34 Schools Start", Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1980, p3
  8. ^ "Mixed results expected from trucking deregulation act", The Capital Times (Madison WI), July 5, 1980, p19
  9. ^ "3:48.8 Takes Away Bitter Rival's Mile Record", Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1980, p III-1
  10. ^ '"Vietnam War Memorial Authorized", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 2, 1980, p3
  11. ^ "Root Cause Analysis of the Hyatt Regency Disaster — Cautionary Tale About Assumptions", ThinkReliability.com website
  12. ^ "Pulitzer Winner Recalls Hyatt Skywalk Collapse", by Mica Marriott, The Gardner (MA) News, January 5, 2014
  13. ^ "Polish workers protest doubling of meat prices", AP report in Dayton (O.) Daily News, July 3, 1980, p1
  14. ^ "Carter Orders Young Men to Sign for Draft", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 3, 1980, p3
  15. ^ "Turkish minority government survives a no-confidence vote", Baltimore Sun, July 3, 1980, p2
  16. ^ Feroz Ahmad, Turkey: The Quest for Identity (Simon & Schuster Oneworld Publications, 2014)
  17. ^ "Judge Halts Deportations of Haitians, Criticizes U.S.", Los Angeles Times, July 3, 1980, p1
  18. ^ "'Airplane!,' Disaster-Film Spoof", The New York Times, July 2, 1980, pC17
  19. ^ "'Airplane!' Sends Up a Comic Boom", Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1980, pVI-1
  20. ^ "'Airplane' loses altitude fast", Daily News (New York), July 2, 1980, p75
  21. ^ Greenland Cup results, RecSportSoccerStatisticsFoundation (RSSSF)
  22. ^ "Today, Harborplace and city are one", Baltimore Sun, July 2, 1980, p1
  23. ^ "Baltimore: Will Harborplace become model for decaying center cities?", Dayton (O.) Journal Herald, July 3, 1980, p111
  24. ^ "20 Flee From Romania in Biplane", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 4, 1980, p9
  25. ^ "Soviet gynast injures neck in training", Louisville Courier-Journal, July 14, 1980, pD-5
  26. ^ "Jordan premier Sharaf dies of heart attack at 41", UPI report in Boston Globe, July 4, 1980, p. 8
  27. ^ "Goolagong Wins Wimbledon Women's Title", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 5, 1980, p1
  28. ^ "Aliens Robbed, Abandoned in Desert; 13 Die— Salvadorans Left in 110-Degree Arizona Heat by Smugglers", Los Angeles Times, July 7, 1980, p1
  29. ^ "10 Aliens May Have Died Because Survivors Told Lie", Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1980, p1
  30. ^ "McEnroe Breaks the Tie, but He Can't Break Borg— The Swede Wins the Fifth Set... and His Fifth Title in a Row", by Ted Green, Los Angeles Times, July 6, 1980, pIII-1
  31. ^ "Slavery banned", Baltimore Sun, July 7, 1980, p2
  32. ^ "Mauritanians abolish slavery", Boston Globe, July 7, 1980, p6
  33. ^ "City of Moors and Blacks Fights Old Evil: Slavery", The New York Times, September 10, 1980, p2A
  34. ^ "Computer finds 'new' play by Shakespeare", by Nigel Hawkes, The Observer, July 6, 1980, p1
  35. ^ "Radio Marti: Castro hid 1980 'massacre'", Miami Herald, September 7, 1980, p3A
  36. ^ "Cuba: The July 6, 1980 Canimar River Massacre"— 71 killed for attempting to flee Cuba"
  37. ^ Néstor T. Carbonell, Why Cuba Matters: New Threats in America’s Backyard (Archway Publishing, 2020)
  38. ^ "Phalangists accused of beach massacre", by James MacManus, The Guardian (London), July 11, 1980, p6
  39. ^ "Syria 'massacre'", The Guardian (London), July 8, 1980, p6
  40. ^ "Syrian forces kill leader of outlawed Muslim Sect", Baltimore Sun, August 18, 1980, p2
  41. ^ Kevin M. Woods, et al., Saddam's War: An Iraqi Military Perspective of the Iran-Iraq War (National Defense University, 2009) p32
  42. ^ "Iran Gives Women Deadline on Dress", Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1980, p18
  43. ^ Nigel Williamson, The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin (Rough Guides, 2007) p220
  44. ^ "Led Zeppelin disbands, citing death of Bonham", Des Moines (IA) Register, December 5, 1980, p4
  45. ^ "Led Zeppelin returns to stage", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 11, 2007, pC-8
  46. ^ Lubelski Lipec '80 (Lublin July '80, Polish language, translation available), Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre website
  47. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154B-2 CCCP-85355 Alma-Ata Airport (ALA)". aviation-safety.net.
  48. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1980, p2
  49. ^ "Hunted 10-Years, Bomb Figure Turns Herself In", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 9, 1980, p2
  50. ^ "The House On West 11th Street", by Mel Gussow, The New York Times, March 5, 2000
  51. ^ "2,400 Paratroopers Join Mass Jump in Mobility Test"], Los Angeles Times, July 9, 1980, p11
  52. ^ "Iran Arrests 200 in Plot to Kill Khomeini", Salt Lake (UT) Tribune, July 13, 1980, p1
  53. ^ "3 Trampled to Death in Brazil Trying to View Pope John Paul", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 10, 1980, p2
  54. ^ "Weather Reports, Forecasts", Los Angeles Times, July 10, 1980, pIV-3
  55. ^ "The Nation", Los Angeles Times, July 10, 1980, p2
  56. ^ "Heat wave emergency in Missouri", Akron (O.) Beacon Journal, July 14, 1980, p1
  57. ^ Morris B. Abram, et al., Protecting Human Subjects: The Adequacy and Uniformity of Federal Rules and Policies, and their Implementation, for the Protection of Human Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research (President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1981) p.182, n17
  58. ^ "Pioneer Genetic Implants Revealed"], Dr. Martin J. Cline, Los Angeles Times, October 8, 1980, p. 1
  59. ^ "Only electing king installed in Malaysia", San Bernardino County (CA) News, July 11, 1980, p2
  60. ^ "Willie Is a Man With Many Degrees", Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1980, p2
  61. ^ "Atlantan Survives Heatstroke At 120 Degrees", Atlanta Constitution, July 24, 1980, p1-C
  62. ^ "New FM station is set to rock 'n roll", by John Teerds, The Age (Melbourne), July 10, 1980, p1
  63. ^ What Does It Mean? FM Commercial Radio", in "Stereo Topics", "The Age Green Guide" section, by Alex Encel, in The Age (Melbourne), July 10, 1980, p35
  64. ^ "FM with ads", The Age (Melbourne), July 11, 1980, p5
  65. ^ "Ailing U.S. Hostage Released by Iran", Los Angeles Times, July 11, 1980, p1
  66. ^ "Europe's longest tunnel links Italy and France", Louisville (KY) Courier-Journal, July 13, 1980, p3
  67. ^ "Name the Play: TV Makes Arm-Chair Quarterbacks Into Coaches", Miami Herald, July 11, 1980, pF-1
  68. ^ "5,000 coaches— Armchair quarterbacks call 'em through computer in Columbus", by Sheldon Oeker, Akron (O.) Beacon Journal, July 14, 1980, pA-1
  69. ^ "Dad plans return to Ukraine, but son, 12, fights to stay here", by Monica Langley, Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1980, p1
  70. ^ "Whatever Became of the that Soviet Kid Who Sued His Folks to Stay Here?", by Charles Leroux, Chicago Tribune, July 2, 1999
  71. ^ a b "World News", Los Angeles Times, July 16, 1980, p1
  72. ^ "Carter's Brother Forced to Register as Agent for Libya", Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1980, p1
  73. ^ attribution: Bernard Marti
  74. ^ Le monde du Minitel se paye Le Monde (The world of Minitel pays for 'Le Monde'), by Michel Puech, Mediapart, June 20, 2010
  75. ^ "Reagan Picks Bush as Running Mate— Fails in Day-Long Effort to Persuade Ford to Run", Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1980, p1
  76. ^ "Reagan-Ford Bush!", Ocala (FL) Star-Banner, July 17, 1980, p1
  77. ^ a b "Almost took VP spot, but time ran out: Ford", by Douglas Frantz, Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1980, p1
  78. ^ "A Unique Idea— and How it Failed", by Richard Bergholz, Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1980, p1
  79. ^ Courier-Journal (Louisville KY), July 17, 1980, p1
  80. ^ "Olympic Boycott Games" GBathletics.com
  81. ^ "Bell Meet Champs Sound Off", Philadelphia Daily News, July 18, 1980, p90
  82. ^ "It's just not the Olympics", by Frank Dolson, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 18, 1980, pC-1
  83. ^ "Suzuki, Japanese Premier, Names Cabinet", Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1980, p7
  84. ^ "General Sworn In as Bolivian Leader; U.S. Recalls Envoy, Los Angeles Times, July 19, 1980, p3
  85. ^ "Reagan, GOP begin 'crusade to make America great again'", Baltimore Evening Sun, July 18, 1980, p1
  86. ^ "The Nation", Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1980, p2
  87. ^ "Titanic— Oh, they'll be glad when the great ship is found", Baltimore Evening Sun, July 18, 1980, p9
  88. ^ "Houvion Makes Mark, 18-11 3/4 in Pole Vault", Los Angeles Times, July 18, 1980, pIII-1
  89. ^ "India is 6th to join space club", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), July 19, 1980, p8
  90. ^ "New Botswana chief accepted", Boston Globe, July 19, 1980, p4
  91. ^ "Gunmen in Paris Try to Kill Iran's Deposed Premier, Los Angeles Times, July 19, 1980, p1
  92. ^ "July 18, 1980: Assassination attempt on Bakhtiar fails", Gulf News, July 17, 2015
  93. ^ attribution: Marcin Szala
  94. ^ "Moscow Olympic Games Open— 103,000 See Pageant, Parade of 81 Nations Taking Part in Events", Los Angeles Times, July 20, 1980, p1
  95. ^ "Committee President Blasts Puerto Rico", Salisbury (MD) Daily Times, July 20, 1980, pC3
  96. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, July 20, 1980, p2
  97. ^ "Gagne wins wrestling title", Minneapolis Star-Tribune, July 20, 1980, p6C
  98. ^ http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2010104993 [bare URL]
  99. ^ a b "World News", Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1980, p2
  100. ^ "Iran Parliament Opens, Split by Faction Feuds", Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1980, p1
  101. ^ "Soviets Expel Three Feminists", Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1980, p2
  102. ^ "Registration for Draft Off to a Quiet Start", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, p1
  103. ^ "Actors' Strike Shuts Down TV and Movie Productions", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, p1
  104. ^ "German Warship Curbs Lifted", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, p2
  105. ^ "Eli Lilly to Test Synthetic Insulin on Humans", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, pIV-1
  106. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, p2
  107. ^ "The Nation", Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1980, p2
  108. ^ "Heat Invades Northeast; Big Cities Conserve Water", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, p1
  109. ^ "Nadia Is Right on Beam With Perfect '10'", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, pIII-1
  110. ^ "Former Premier of Syria Slain in Paris", Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1980, p9
  111. ^ "AMA's New Ethics Code Allows Doctors to Advertise, Work With Chiropractors", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, p4
  112. ^ "Decision by FCC Could Increase Cable TV Shows", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, p1
  113. ^ "U.S. Fails to Win Ban on Commercial Whale Killing", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, p6
  114. ^ "Hunting of Killer Whales Partly Banned", Los Angeles Times, July 26, 1980, p3
  115. ^ "Soviet Swimmer Breaks Barrier in 1,500 Meters", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, pIII-1
  116. ^ "Khomeini Opponent Assassinated in U.S.—Ex-Embassy Aide Shot at Suburban Washington Home", Los Angeles Times, July 23, 1980, p1
  117. ^ "Postal Worker, 2nd Man Held in Iranian's Slaying, Los Angeles Times, July 24, 1980, p1
  118. ^ "D.C. Man Sought in Assassination of Iranian Exile", The Washington Post, July 24, 1980
  119. ^ "Turkish union leader killed by gunmen", The Guardian, July 23, 1980, p6
  120. ^ "Race car driver dies after crash", Montreal Gazette, July 23, 1980, p44
  121. ^ "World News", Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1980, p2
  122. ^ "Engineers Enter Reactor Building", The New York Times, August 16, 1980, pA1
  123. ^ "Technicians Find Control Device Intact in Damaged Nuclear Plant", The New York Times, August 16, 1980, pA6
  124. ^ "IRA Leader Ends Hunger Strike", Los Angeles Times, July 24, 1980, p2
  125. ^ "World News", Los Angeles Times, July 28, 1980, p2
  126. ^ "'Grateful Dead' pianist dies of car carsh injuries", San Francisco Examiner, July 24, 1980, pB9
  127. ^ "Women Violinist Slain at New York's Met— Body Discovered in Opera House Shaft After 12-Hour Search", Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1980, p4
  128. ^ "Stagehand, 21, Seized in Murder of Violinist At the Met on July 23", The New York Times, August 31, 1980, p1
  129. ^ "Confession Details Given As Opera Murder Trial Starts", by E. R. Shipp, The New York Times, April 28, 1981
  130. ^ "Rebel Island Greets Troops", Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1980, p1
  131. ^ "Pacific Isle's Rebel Chief Seen Defying Occupation", Los Angeles Times, July 26, 1980, p5
  132. ^ "Olympic History: Don't blink", Sacramento (CA) Bee, July 18, 2000, pD2
  133. ^ "Johannesburg municipal workers strike | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  134. ^ "Honduras Constituent Assembly Receives Control of Government", Miami Herald, July 22, 1980, p2
  135. ^ "Honduras ruler gets 'president' title', Chicago Tribune, July 27, 1980, p8
  136. ^ "Top German terrorist dies in road accident", by Siegfried Buschschuler in The Guardian (London), July 26, 1980, p1
  137. ^ "23 Boarding House Residents Die in Fire", Los Angeles Times, July 28, 1980, p4
  138. ^ a b "Shah of Iran Dies in Exile; Hostage Fate Still Clouded", by Don A. Schanche, Los Angeles Times, July 28, 1980, p1
  139. ^ "Iran reaction: 'The bloodsucker of the century has died at last'", Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg FL), July 28, 1980, p1
  140. ^ "Jewish Youth Killed in Attack by Arab", Los Angeles Times, July 28, 1980, p19
  141. ^ "Italian Impeachment Bid Fails", Los Angeles Times, July 27, 1980, p2
  142. ^ "Peru Ends 12 Years Of Military Rule", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 29, 1980, p2
  143. ^ "Trial may put don at scene of another crime", by David J. Krajicek, Daily News (New York), August 17, 1986, p3
  144. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, July 27, 1980, p2
  145. ^ Alfred Znamierowski, The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns (Hermes House, 2001) p167
  146. ^ "New Hebrides a New Nation", Los Angeles Times, July 30, 1980, p2
  147. ^ "Israel Enacts a Law Making All of Jerusalem the Capital", by Christopher S. Wren, The New York Times, July 31, 1980, p1
  148. ^ "World News", Los Angeles Times, July 30, 1980, p2
  149. ^ "An Upper-Case Pole Pole Vaults 18-11½— Kozakiewicz Breaks the World Record", Los Angeles Times, July 31, 1980, pIII-1
  150. ^ "Doctors Say J.R. Richard Suffered a Stroke", Los Angeles Times, August 1, 1980, pIII-1
  151. ^ "Iran Shoots 24 for Plot, Drugs and Other Offenses", The New York Times, August 1, 1980, pA5
  152. ^ "Prime Minister of Italy Wins Vote of Confidence", The New York Times, August 1, 1980, pA7
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