Nevalı Çori
Alternative name | Nevalı Çori (Turkish) Newala Çori (Kurdish) |
---|---|
Location | Hilvan, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey |
Region | Mesopotamia |
Coordinates | 37°31′6″N 38°36′20″E / 37.51833°N 38.60556°E |
History | |
Founded | 8400 BC |
Abandoned | 8100 BC |
Periods | Pre-Pottery Neolithic B |
Site notes | |
Condition | Submerged |
Nevalı Çori (
The settlement was located about 490 m above sea level, in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains, on both banks of the Kantara stream, a tributary of the Euphrates.
Excavation
The site was examined from 1983 to 1991 in the context of rescue
Archaeological chronology
Nevalı Çori could be placed within the local relative chronology on the basis of its
Common date
In terms of absolute dates, four radiocarbon dates have been determined for Nevalı Çori. Three are from Stratum II and date it with some certainty to the second half of the 9th millennium BC, which coincides with early dates from Çayönü and with Mureybet IVA and thus supports the relative chronology above. The fourth dates to the 10th millennium BC, which, if correct, would indicate the presence of an extremely early phase of PPNB at Nevalı Çori.[6]
Houses
The settlement had five architectural levels. The excavated architectural remains were of long rectangular houses containing two to three parallel flights of rooms, interpreted as mezzanines. These are adjacent to a similarly rectangular ante-structure, subdivided by wall projections, which should be seen as a residential space. This type of house is characterized by thick, multi-layered foundations made of large angular cobbles and boulders, the gaps filled with smaller stones so as to provide a relatively even surface to support the superstructure. These foundations are interrupted every 1-1.5m by underfloor channels, at right angles to the main axis of the houses, which were covered in stone slabs but open to the sides. They may have served the drainage, aeration or the cooling of the houses. 23 such structures were excavated, they are strikingly similar to structures from the so-called channeled subphase at Çayönü.
An area in the northwest part of the village appears to be of special importance. Here, a cult complex had been cut into the hillside. It had three subsequent architectural phases, the most recent belonging to Stratum III, the middle one to Stratum II and the oldest to Stratum I. The two more recent phases also possessed a
Soundings cut to examine the western side of the valley also revealed rectilinear architecture in 2-3 layers.
Sculpture and clay figurines
The local limestone was
Several hundred small
Bas relief
A
Burials
Some of the houses contained depositions of human skulls and incomplete skeletons.[8]
References
- ^ E., Pelda (5 February 2021). "Mal û warê me, bela serê me!". Xwebûn (in Kurdish). Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ C., Özçelik. "Kêmasîya ku li Girê Mirazan derketîye holê bêdewletbûna kurdan e". Le Monde diplomatique kurdî (in Kurdish). Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ Çakırtaş, Ş. "Bir başkalaşma hikayesi: Dicle-Fırat Havzası (3)". Independent Turkce (in Turkish). Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- S2CID 128549516.
- ^ The Archaeological Settlements of Turkey - TAY Project
- ^ Early Places Without Metals
- . Figure 13.
- ^ Hauptmann, H., Ein Kultgebäude in Nevalı Çori, in: M. Frangipane u.a. (Hrsg.), Between the Rivers and over the Mountains, Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri dedicata (Rome 1993), p. 57
Literature
- Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.): Die ältesten Monumente der Menschheit. Vor 12.000 Jahren in Anatolien, Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung im Badischen Landesmuseum vom 20. Januar bis zum 17. Juni 2007. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2072-8.
- MediaCultura (Hrsg.): Die ältesten Monumente der Menschheit. Vor 12.000 Jahren in Anatolien. DVD-ROM. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2090-2.
- Hauptmann, H. Nevalı Çori: Architektur, Anatolica 15, (1988) 99-110.
- Hauptmann, H. Nevalı Çori: Eine Siedlung des akeramischen Neolithikums am mittleren Euphrat, Nürnberger Blätter 8/9, (1991/92) 15–33.
- Hauptmann, H., Ein Kultgebäude in Nevalı Çori, in: M. Frangipane u.a. (Hrsg.), Between the Rivers and over the Mountains, Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri dedicata, (Rome 1993), 37–69.
- Hauptmann, H., Frühneolithische Steingebäude in Südwestasien. In: Karl W. Beinhauer et al., Studien zur Megalithik: Forschungsstand und ethnoarchäologische Perspektiven / The megalithic phenomenon: recent research and ethnoarchaeological approaches, Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 21, (Mannheim 1999).
- Morsch, M., Magic figurines? A view from Nevalı Çori, in: H.G.K. Gebel, Bo Dahl Hermansen and Charlott Hoffmann Jensen. (Hrsg.) Magic Practices and Ritual in the Near Eastern Neolithic, SENEPSE 8 (Berlin 2002).
- Schmidt, K., Nevalı Çori: Zum Typenspektrum der Silexindustrie und der übrigen Kleinfunde, Anatolica 15, (1988) 161–202.