Idaho: Difference between revisions
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The major rivers in Idaho are the [[Snake River]], the [[Clark Fork (river)|Clark Fork]]/[[Pend Oreille River]], the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]], and the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]]. Other significant rivers include the [[Coeur d'Alene River]], the [[Spokane River]], the [[Boise River]], and the [[Payette River]]. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], at the confluence of the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater]] and the [[Snake River]]s is the farthest inland [[seaport]] on the West Coast at 465 [[river mile]]s from the Pacific at [[Astoria, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |title=Port of Lewiston | publisher = US history |accessdate=July 30, 2010}}</ref> |
The major rivers in Idaho are the [[Snake River]], the [[Clark Fork (river)|Clark Fork]]/[[Pend Oreille River]], the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]], and the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]]. Other significant rivers include the [[Coeur d'Alene River]], the [[Spokane River]], the [[Boise River]], and the [[Payette River]]. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], at the confluence of the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater]] and the [[Snake River]]s is the farthest inland [[seaport]] on the West Coast at 465 [[river mile]]s from the Pacific at [[Astoria, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2812.html |title=Port of Lewiston | publisher = US history |accessdate=July 30, 2010}}</ref> |
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Idaho's highest point is [[Borah Peak]], {{convert|12662|ft|0|abbr=on}}, in the [[Lost River Range]] north of [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]]. Idaho's lowest point, {{convert|710|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, is in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], where the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] joins the [[Snake River]] and continues into [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. The [[Sawtooth Range (Idaho)|Sawtooth Range]] is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm | |
Idaho's highest point is [[Borah Peak]], {{convert|12662|ft|0|abbr=on}}, in the [[Lost River Range]] north of [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]]. Idaho's lowest point, {{convert|710|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, is in [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], where the [[Clearwater River (Idaho)|Clearwater River]] joins the [[Snake River]] and continues into [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. The [[Sawtooth Range (Idaho)|Sawtooth Range]] is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |title= Sawtooth Range |publisher= Idaho climbing guide |accessdate= July 30, 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075042/http://www.idahoaclimbingguide.com/id27.htm |archivedate= June 15, 2011 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the [[Bitterroot Range]], the [[White Cloud Mountains]], the [[Lost River Range]], the [[Clearwater Mountains]], and the [[Salmon River Mountains]]. |
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Idaho has two [[Time in the United States|time zones]], with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and [[Nevada]]. Southern Idaho, including the [[Boise metropolitan area]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], are in the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. A legislative error ({{usctc|15|6}} §264) theoretically placed this region in the [[Central Time Zone]], but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |id=264 |title=Part of Idaho in fourth zone |publisher=House of representatives |place=Washington, D.C., U.S. |work=U.S. Code |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125180343/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |archivedate=January 25, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Areas north of the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], including [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]], are in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area. |
Idaho has two [[Time in the United States|time zones]], with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and [[Nevada]]. Southern Idaho, including the [[Boise metropolitan area]], [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]], [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]], are in the [[Mountain Time Zone]]. A legislative error ({{usctc|15|6}} §264) theoretically placed this region in the [[Central Time Zone]], but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |id=264 |title=Part of Idaho in fourth zone |publisher=House of representatives |place=Washington, D.C., U.S. |work=U.S. Code |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125180343/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C6.txt |archivedate=January 25, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Areas north of the [[Salmon River (Idaho)|Salmon River]], including [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Moscow, Idaho|Moscow]], [[Lewiston, Idaho|Lewiston]], and [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]], are in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area. |
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Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the [[Pacific Northwest]] states during the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |year=1991 |title=In Mountain Shadows: a History of Idaho |location=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press}}</ref> Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only $.10 compared to $1.51 in 1919, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.<ref>{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=Randall |year=2004 |title=A political dynasty in North Idaho, 1933–1967 |publisher=University Press |isbn=0-7618-2842-7 |page=7}}</ref> |
Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the [[Pacific Northwest]] states during the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |year=1991 |title=In Mountain Shadows: a History of Idaho |location=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press}}</ref> Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only $.10 compared to $1.51 in 1919, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.<ref>{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=Randall |year=2004 |title=A political dynasty in North Idaho, 1933–1967 |publisher=University Press |isbn=0-7618-2842-7 |page=7}}</ref> |
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In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ieda.biz/white.html |title=The Power of Idaho |type=whitepaper |year=2004 |place=ID |publisher=Economic Development Association |accessdate=October 7, 2007}}</ref> |
In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ieda.biz/white.html |title=The Power of Idaho |type=whitepaper |year=2004 |place=ID |publisher=Economic Development Association |accessdate=October 7, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013194422/http://ieda.biz/white.html |archivedate=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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* 2.5% of two or more races. |
* 2.5% of two or more races. |
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11.2% of Idaho's population was of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] or Latino (they may be of any race).<ref>{{Citation|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|contribution=Idaho|title=QuickFacts|place=US|publisher=Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2013}}.</ref> As of 2011, 27.2% of Idaho's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white.<ref>{{cite news| publisher = Cleveland | url= http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html | title= Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|last=Exner|first=Rich|date=June 3, 2012|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]}}</ref> |
11.2% of Idaho's population was of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] or Latino (they may be of any race).<ref>{{Citation|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|contribution=Idaho|title=QuickFacts|place=US|publisher=Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68d4hcjQX?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html|archivedate=June 23, 2012|df=mdy-all}}.</ref> As of 2011, 27.2% of Idaho's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white.<ref>{{cite news| publisher = Cleveland | url= http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html | title= Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|last=Exner|first=Rich|date=June 3, 2012|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]}}</ref> |
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This made Idaho the sixth [[List of U.S. states by population growth rate|fastest-growing state]] after [[Arizona]], [[Nevada]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Utah]]. From 2004 to 2005, Idaho grew the third-fastest, surpassed only by Nevada and Arizona. |
This made Idaho the sixth [[List of U.S. states by population growth rate|fastest-growing state]] after [[Arizona]], [[Nevada]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Utah]]. From 2004 to 2005, Idaho grew the third-fastest, surpassed only by Nevada and Arizona. |
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[[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], about {{convert |20|mi|-1}} west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]] and [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]].<!--, and has experienced particularly strong growth in recent years.--> Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010.<!--According to census estimates, Nampa has grown 22.1% to nearly 65,000 residents between 2000 and 2003. As of 2007, the population in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]] was estimated at 84,000.--> Located between Nampa and Boise, [[Meridian, Idaho|Meridian]] also experienced high growth, from under 10,000 residents in 1990 to over 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html |title=Idaho | work = QuickFacts | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau |accessdate = July 30, 2010}}</ref> |
[[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]], about {{convert |20|mi|-1}} west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing [[Pocatello, Idaho|Pocatello]] and [[Idaho Falls, Idaho|Idaho Falls]].<!--, and has experienced particularly strong growth in recent years.--> Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010.<!--According to census estimates, Nampa has grown 22.1% to nearly 65,000 residents between 2000 and 2003. As of 2007, the population in [[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]] was estimated at 84,000.--> Located between Nampa and Boise, [[Meridian, Idaho|Meridian]] also experienced high growth, from under 10,000 residents in 1990 to over 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in [[Caldwell, Idaho|Caldwell]], [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]], and [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | title = Idaho | work = QuickFacts | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | accessdate = July 30, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/68d4hcjQX?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archivedate = June 23, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> |
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From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%). |
From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%). |
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In addition, Idaho also has the 6th fastest growing population in the United States with the population expected to increase by 31% from 2008 to 2030.<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance |year=2009 |url=http://www.energy.idaho.gov/idahostrategicenergyalliance/d/isea_faq.pdf |accessdate=June 2, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416044506/http://energy.idaho.gov/idahostrategicenergyalliance/d/isea_faq.pdf |archivedate=April 16, 2009 }}</ref> This projected increase in population will contribute to a 42% increase in demand by 2030, further straining Idaho's finite hydroelectric resources.<ref>{{cite web | title = FAQ | publisher = Idaho Energy Complex | year = 2009 | url = http://idahoenergycomplex.org/faq.htm | accessdate = June 2, 2007}}</ref> |
In addition, Idaho also has the 6th fastest growing population in the United States with the population expected to increase by 31% from 2008 to 2030.<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance |year=2009 |url=http://www.energy.idaho.gov/idahostrategicenergyalliance/d/isea_faq.pdf |accessdate=June 2, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416044506/http://energy.idaho.gov/idahostrategicenergyalliance/d/isea_faq.pdf |archivedate=April 16, 2009 }}</ref> This projected increase in population will contribute to a 42% increase in demand by 2030, further straining Idaho's finite hydroelectric resources.<ref>{{cite web | title = FAQ | publisher = Idaho Energy Complex | year = 2009 | url = http://idahoenergycomplex.org/faq.htm | accessdate = June 2, 2007}}</ref> |
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Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from [[Solar power in Idaho|solar power]] using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of [[concentrated solar power]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | title = GIS | contribution = Renewable Energy Technical Potential | publisher = NREL}}.</ref> |
Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from [[Solar power in Idaho|solar power]] using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of [[concentrated solar power]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | title = GIS | contribution = Renewable Energy Technical Potential | publisher = NREL | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115931/http://www.nrel.gov/gis/re_potential.html | archivedate = September 15, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}.</ref> |
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! colspan=13 | Idaho Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/IREC-Solar-Market-Trends-Report-June-2011-web.pdf | title = U.S. Solar Market Trends 2010| last = Sherwood | first = Lawrence 'Larry' |publisher=Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)|date=June 2011 | format = PDF | accessdate = June 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| format = PDF | url = http://www.irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/IRECSolarMarketTrends-2012-web.pdf | title= U.S. Solar Market Trends 2011 | last =Sherwood | first = Lawrence 'Larry' |publisher=Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)|date=August 2012|accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref> |
! colspan=13 | Idaho Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/IREC-Solar-Market-Trends-Report-June-2011-web.pdf | title = U.S. Solar Market Trends 2010| last = Sherwood | first = Lawrence 'Larry' |publisher=Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)|date=June 2011 | format = PDF | accessdate = June 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | format = PDF | url = http://www.irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/IRECSolarMarketTrends-2012-web.pdf | title = U.S. Solar Market Trends 2011 | last = Sherwood | first = Lawrence 'Larry' | publisher = Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) | date = August 2012 | accessdate = August 16, 2012 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120906231846/http://www.irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/IRECSolarMarketTrends-2012-web.pdf | archivedate = September 6, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> |
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* {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]]}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]]}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archivedate = June 20, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association}} – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. |
* {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association}} – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&StateName=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&StateName=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/68d4hcjQX?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archivedate = June 23, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho}}. |
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* {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. |
* {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. |
Revision as of 10:14, 11 November 2017
Idaho | |
---|---|
Brad Little (R) | |
Legislature | Idaho Legislature |
• Upper house | Senate |
• Lower house | House of Representatives |
U.S. senators | Mike Crapo (R) Jim Risch (R) |
U.S. House delegation | 1–Raúl Labrador (R) 2–Mike Simpson (R) (list) |
Population | |
• Total | 1,683,140 (2,016 est.)[1] |
• Density | 20.1/sq mi (7.76/km2) |
• Median household income | $51,624[2] |
• Income rank | 36th |
Language | |
• Official language | English |
Latitude | 42° N to 49° N |
Longitude | 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W |
Idaho (
Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited solely by Native American peoples, some of which still live in the area. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom. It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846, but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory. Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, becoming the 43rd state.
Forming part of the
Industries significant for the state economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism. A number of science and technology firms are either headquartered in Idaho or have factories there, and the state also contains the
Etymology
The exact origin of the name remains a mystery.
However, the name "Idaho" did not fall into obscurity. The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called Idaho County was created in eastern Washington Territory. The county was named after a steamship named Idaho, which was launched on the Columbia River in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing's claim was revealed. Regardless, a portion of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create Idaho Territory in 1863.[11]
Despite this lack of evidence for the origin of the name, many textbooks well into the 20th century repeated as fact Willing's account the name "Idaho" derived from the Shoshone term "ee-da-how". A 1956 Idaho history textbook says:
"Idaho" is a
Shoshoni Indian exclamation. The word consists of three parts. The first is "Ee", which in English conveys the idea of "coming down". The second is "dah" which is the Shoshoni stem or root for both "sun" and "mountain". The third syllable, "how", denotes the exclamation and stands for the same thing in Shoshoni that the exclamation mark (!) does in the English language. The Shoshoni word is "Ee-dah-how", and the Indian thought thus conveyed when translated into English means, "Behold! the sun coming down the mountain.[12]
An alternative etymology attributes the name to the Plains Apache word "ídaahę́" (enemy) that was used in reference to The Comanche.[13]
Geography
Idaho borders six US states and one Canadian province. The states of Washington and Oregon are to the west, Nevada and Utah are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north.
The landscape is rugged with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,000 ha), the
The major rivers in Idaho are the
Idaho's highest point is Borah Peak, 12,662 ft (3,859 m), in the Lost River Range north of Mackay. Idaho's lowest point, 710 ft (216 m), is in Lewiston, where the Clearwater River joins the Snake River and continues into Washington. The Sawtooth Range is often considered Idaho's most famous mountain range.[15] Other mountain ranges in Idaho include the Bitterroot Range, the White Cloud Mountains, the Lost River Range, the Clearwater Mountains, and the Salmon River Mountains.
Idaho has two time zones, with the dividing line approximately midway between Canada and Nevada. Southern Idaho, including the Boise metropolitan area, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, and Twin Falls, are in the Mountain Time Zone. A legislative error (15 U.S.C. ch. 6 §264) theoretically placed this region in the Central Time Zone, but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment.[16] Areas north of the Salmon River, including Coeur d'Alene, Moscow, Lewiston, and Sandpoint, are in the Pacific Time Zone, which contains less than a quarter of the state's population and land area.
Climate
Idaho's
Idaho can be hot, although extended periods over 98 °F (37 °C) for the maximum temperature are rare, except for the lowest point in elevation, Lewiston, which correspondingly sees little snow. Hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since, for most of the state, the highest diurnal difference in temperature is often in the summer.[citation needed] Winters can be cold, although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual. Idaho's all-time highest temperature of 118 °F (48 °C) was recorded at Orofino on July 28, 1934; the all-time lowest temperature of −60 °F (−51 °C) was recorded at Island Park Dam on January 18, 1943.
Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Idaho cities. (°F) | ||||||||||||
City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Boise | 38/24 | 45/27 | 55/33 | 62/38 | 72/46 | 81/53 | 91/59 | 90/59 | 79/50 | 65/40 | 48/31 | 38/23 |
Lewiston | 42/30 | 47/31 | 55/36 | 62/41 | 71/47 | 79/54 | 89/60 | 89/60 | 78/51 | 63/41 | 48/34 | 40/28 |
Pocatello | 33/16 | 38/19 | 49/27 | 59/33 | 68/40 | 78/46 | 88/52 | 88/51 | 76/42 | 62/33 | 45/24 | 33/16 |
[18] |
Lakes/rivers
History
Humans may have been present in the Idaho area as long as 14,500 years ago. Excavations at
An early presence of French-Canadian trappers is visible in names and
Idaho, as part of the Oregon Country, was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain until the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction in 1846. From 1843 to 1849, present-day Idaho was under the de facto jurisdiction of the Provisional Government of Oregon. When Oregon became a state, what is now Idaho was in what remained of the original Oregon Territory not part of the new state, and designated as the Washington Territory.
Between then and the creation of the
After some tribulation as a territory, including the chaotic transfer of the territorial capital from
Idaho was one of the hardest hit of the Pacific Northwest states during the Great Depression.[27] Prices plummeted for Idaho's major crops: in 1932 a bushel of potatoes brought only $.10 compared to $1.51 in 1919, while Idaho farmers saw their annual income of $686 in 1929 drop to $250 by 1932.[28]
In recent years, Idaho has expanded its commercial base as a tourism and agricultural state to include science and technology industries. Science and technology have become the largest single economic center (over 25% of the state's total revenue) within the state and are greater than agriculture, forestry and mining combined.[29]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 14,999 | — | |
1880 | 32,610 | 117.4% | |
1890 | 88,548 | 171.5% | |
1900 | 161,772 | 82.7% | |
1910 | 325,594 | 101.3% | |
1920 | 431,866 | 32.6% | |
1930 | 445,032 | 3.0% | |
1940 | 524,873 | 17.9% | |
1950 | 588,637 | 12.1% | |
1960 | 667,191 | 13.3% | |
1970 | 712,567 | 6.8% | |
1980 | 943,935 | 32.5% | |
1990 | 1,006,749 | 6.7% | |
2000 | 1,293,953 | 28.5% | |
2010 | 1,567,582 | 21.1% | |
2016 (est.) | 1,683,140 | 7.4% | |
Source: 1910–2010[30] 2016 estimate[31] |
The
At the 2010 Census,
- 89.1% of the population was White American
- 0.6% Black or African American
- 1.4% American Indian and Alaska Native
- 1.2% Asian American
- 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
- 2.5% of two or more races.
11.2% of Idaho's population was of Hispanic or Latino (they may be of any race).[32] As of 2011, 27.2% of Idaho's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white.[33]
Racial composition | 1970[34] | 1990[34] | 2000[35] | 2010[36] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White |
98.1% | 94.4% | 90.1% | 89.1% |
Native | 0.9% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% |
Asian |
0.5% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.2% |
Black |
0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% |
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander |
– | – | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Other race |
0.2% | 3.0% | 4.2% | 5.1% |
Two or more races |
– | – | 2.0% | 2.5% |
Idaho had an estimated population of 1,654,930 in 2015, which was an increase of 20,466, from the prior year and an increase of 87,348, or 5.57%, since 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 58,884 people (that is, 111,131 births minus 52,247 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 75,795 people into the state. There are large numbers of Americans of English and German ancestry in Idaho. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 14,522 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 61,273 people.
This made Idaho the sixth
. From 2004 to 2005, Idaho grew the third-fastest, surpassed only by Nevada and Arizona.Nampa, about 20 miles (30 km) west of downtown Boise, became the state's second largest city in the late 1990s, passing Pocatello and Idaho Falls. Nampa's population was under 29,000 in 1990 and grew to over 81,000 by 2010. Located between Nampa and Boise, Meridian also experienced high growth, from under 10,000 residents in 1990 to over 75,000 in 2010 and is now Idaho's third largest city. Growth of 5% or more over the same period has also been observed in Caldwell, Coeur d'Alene, Post Falls, and Twin Falls.[37]
From 1990 to 2010, Idaho's population increased by over 560,000 (55%).
The Boise Metropolitan Area (officially known as the Boise City-Nampa, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area) is Idaho's largest metropolitan area. Other metropolitan areas in order of size are Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Falls, Pocatello and Lewiston.
As of 2006, six official
The most common reported ancestries in the state are:
Birth data
Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
Race
|
2013[38] | 2014[39] | 2015[40] |
---|---|---|---|
White: | 21,246 (94.9%) | 21,696 (94.8%) | 21,618 (94.7%) |
Non-Hispanic White | 17,951 (80.2%) | 18,188 (79.5%) | 18,087 (79.2%) |
Asian | 491 (2.2%) | 501 (2.2%) | 516 (2.3%) |
Native | 421 (1.9%) | 429 (1.9%) | 406 (1.8%) |
Black | 225 (1.0%) | 250 (1.1%) | 287 (1.2%) |
Hispanic (of any race) | 3,422 (15.3%) | 3,651 (16.0%) | 3,645 (16.0%) |
Total Idaho | 22,383 (100%) | 22,876 (100%) | 22,827 (100%) |
Religion
According to the Pew Research Center on Religion & Public Life, the self-identified religious affiliations of Idahoans over the age of 18 in 2008 and 2014 were:
Denomination | 2008[41] | 2014[42][43] |
---|---|---|
Christian , including:
|
81% | 67% |
* Evangelical Protestant
|
22% | 21% |
* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | 23% | 19% |
* Mainline Protestant | 16% | 16% |
* Catholic | 18% | 10% |
* Eastern Orthodox
|
< 0.5% | 1% |
* Historically Black Protestant | < 0.5% | < 1% |
* Jehovah's Witnesses | 1% | < 1% |
* Other Christian | < 0.5% | < 1% |
Unaffiliated, including: | 18% | 27% |
* Nothing in particular | n/d | 22% |
* Agnostic
|
n/d | 3% |
* Atheist
|
n/d | 2% |
Non-Christian faiths, including: | n/d | 4% |
* Muslim | < 0.5% | 1% |
* Jewish | < 0.5% | < 1% |
* Buddhist
|
< 0.5% | < 1% |
* Hindu
|
< 0.5% | < 1% |
* Other World religions | < 0.5% | < 1% |
* Other faiths ( Native American , etc.)
|
n/d | 2% |
Don't know/refused | < 0.5% | 1% |
According to the
Language
English is the state's predominant language. Minority languages include Spanish [1] and various Native American languages.
Economy
Idaho is an important agricultural state, producing nearly one-third of the
Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for
Locally, a variety of industries are important. Outdoor recreation is a common example ranging from numerous
Today, Idaho's largest industry is the science and technology sector. It accounts for over 25% of the state's revenue and over 70% of the state's exports. Idaho's industrial economy is growing, with high-tech products leading the way. Since the late 1970s,
A number of
The state personal income tax ranges from 1.6% to 7.8% in eight income brackets. Idahoans may apply for state tax credits for taxes paid to other states, as well as for donations to Idaho state educational entities and some nonprofit youth and rehabilitation facilities.
The state
The sales tax was introduced at 3% in 1965, easily approved by voters,[50] where it remained until 1983.[51]
In 2014, Idaho emerged as the second most small business friendly state, ranking behind Utah, based on a study drawing upon data from over 12,000 small business owners.[52]
Idaho has a state gambling lottery which contributed $333.5 million in payments to all Idaho public schools and Idaho higher education from 1990 to 2006.[53]
Energy
Idaho's energy landscape is favorable to the development of
Most of the energy consumed in Idaho is imported from other states. Imports account for more than 80% of total energy consumption, including all of Idaho's natural gas and petroleum supplies and more than half of its electricity. Of the electricity consumed in Idaho in 2005, 48% came from hydroelectricity, 42% was generated by burning coal and 9% was generated by burning natural gas. The remainder came from other renewable sources such as wind.[54]
The state's numerous river basins allow hydroelectric power plants to provide 556,000 MWh, which amounts to about three-fourths of Idaho's electricity generated in the state. Washington State provides most of the natural gas used in Idaho through one of the two major pipeline systems supplying the state. Although the state relies on out-of-state sources for its entire natural gas supply, it uses natural gas-fired plants to generate 127,000 MWh, or about ten percent of its output. Coal-fired generation and the state's small array of wind turbines supplies the remainder of the state's electricity output. The state produces 739,000 MWh but still needs to import half of its electricity from out-of-state to meet demand.[55]
While Idaho's 515 trillion
In addition, Idaho also has the 6th fastest growing population in the United States with the population expected to increase by 31% from 2008 to 2030.[56] This projected increase in population will contribute to a 42% increase in demand by 2030, further straining Idaho's finite hydroelectric resources.[57]
Idaho has an upper-boundary estimate of development potential to generate 44,320 GWh/year from 18,076 MW of wind power, and 7,467,000 GWh/year from solar power using 2,061,000 MW of photovoltaics (PV), including 3,224 MW of rooftop photovoltaics, and 1,267,000 MW of concentrated solar power.[58]
Idaho Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Capacity (MW) |
Total | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dec |
2009 | 147 | 313 | 21 | 18 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 19 | 21 | 33 | 34 | 38 |
2010 | 353 | 441 | 29 | 24 | 35 | 43 | 36 | 28 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 57 | 69 | 78 |
2011 | 618 | 1,308 | 90 | 120 | 132 | 140 | 120 | 112 | 83 | 78 | 71 | 118 | 145 | 105 |
2012 | 191 | 133 | 197 | 155 | 148 | |||||||||
Idaho Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)[62][63] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Capacity | Installed | % Growth | |||||||||
2010 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 100% | |||||||||
2011 | 0.4 | 0 | 0% |
Transportation
The
Highways
Idaho is among the few states in the nation without a major freeway linking its two largest metropolitan areas, Boise in the south and Coeur d'Alene in the north. US-95 links the two ends of the state, but like many other highways in Idaho, it is badly in need of repair and upgrade. In 2007, the Idaho Transportation Department stated the state's highway infrastructure faces a $200 million per year shortfall in maintenance and upgrades. I-84 is the main highway linking the southeast and southwest portions of the state, along with I-86 and I-15. Major federal aid highways in Idaho:
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Type | Family | Handles wiki
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Responsive/ Mobile suited |
Start template | Column divider | End template |
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"columns-start" | Yes | Yes | {{columns-start}} | {{column}} | {{columns-end}} | |
Columns | "div col" | Yes | Yes | {{div col}} | – | {{div col end}} |
"columns-list" | No | Yes | {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) | – | – | |
Flexbox | "flex columns" | No | Yes | {{flex columns}} | – | – |
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Airports
Major airports include the
Railroads
Idaho is served by three transcontinental railroads. The
The Union Pacific Railroad also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, Wyoming, and Ogden, Utah and serves Boise, Nampa, Twin Falls, and Pocatello.
Ports
The Port of Lewiston is the farthest inland Pacific port on the west coast. A series of dams and locks on the Snake River and Columbia River facilitate barge travel from Lewiston to Portland, where goods are loaded on ocean-going vessels.
Law and government
State constitution
The constitution of Idaho is roughly modeled on the national constitution with several additions. The constitution defines the form and functions of the state government, and may be amended through
Idaho Code and Statutes
All of Idaho's state laws are contained in the Idaho Code and Statutes. The code is amended through the legislature with the approval of the governor. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.[66]
State government
The constitution of Idaho provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a
Since 1946, statewide elected constitutional officers have been elected to four-year terms. They include:
Last contested in 1966, Inspector of Mines was an original elected constitutional office. Afterward it was an appointed position and ultimately done away with entirely in 1974.
Idaho's government has an alcohol monopoly.
Executive branch
The governor of Idaho serves a four-year term, and is elected during what is nationally referred to as midterm elections. As such, the governor is not elected in the same election year as the president of the United States. The current governor is
Legislative branch
Idaho's legislature is part-time. However, the session may be extended if necessary, and often is. Because of this, Idaho's legislators are considered "citizen legislators", meaning their position as a legislator is not their main occupation.
Terms for both the Senate and House of Representatives are two years. Legislative elections occur every even numbered year.
The Idaho Legislature has been continuously controlled by the Republican Party since the late 1950s, although Democratic legislators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, Blaine County and the northern Panhandle.
See also List of Idaho senators and representatives
Judicial branch
The highest court in Idaho is the Idaho Supreme Court. There is also an intermediate appellate court, the Idaho Court of Appeals, which hears cases assigned to it from the Supreme Court. The state's District Courts serve seven judicial districts.[67]
Counties
Idaho is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1919 there are 44 counties in the state, ranging in size from 410 to 8,502 square miles (1,060 to 22,020 km2).
County | County seat | License Plate Code |
Year founded |
Population (2008 est.) |
Population Percentage |
Area (sq. mi.) |
Area % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ada | Boise | 1A | 1864 | 380,920 | 25.00 % | 1 060 | 1.21 % |
Adams | Council | 2A | 1911 | 3,499 | 0.23 % | 1,370 | 1.57 % |
Bannock | Pocatello | 1B | 1893 | 80,812 | 05.30 % | 1,147 | 1.31 % |
Bear Lake | Paris | 2B | 1893 | 5,798 | 00.38 % | 1,049 | 1.20 % |
Benewah | St. Maries | 3B | 1915 | 9,352 | 00.61 % | 784 | 0.90 % |
Bingham | Blackfoot | 4B | 1885 | 43,903 | 02.88 % | 2,120 | 2.42 % |
Blaine | Hailey | 5B | 1895 | 21,731 | 01.43 % | 2,661 | 3.04 % |
Boise | Idaho City | 6B | 1864 | 7,504 | 00.49 % | 1,907 | 2.18 % |
Bonner | Sandpoint | 7B | 1907 | 41,168 | 02.70 % | 1,920 | 2.19 % |
Bonneville | Idaho Falls | 8B | 1911 | 99,135 | 06.51 % | 1,901 | 2.17 % |
Boundary | Bonners Ferry | 9B | 1915 | 10,962 | 00.72 % | 1,278 | 1.46 % |
Butte | Arco | 10B | 1917 | 2,751 | 00.18 % | 2,234 | 2.55 % |
Camas | Fairfield | 1C | 1917 | 1,126 | 00.07 % | 1,079 | 1.23 % |
Canyon | Caldwell | 2C | 1891 | 183,939 | 12.07 % | 604 | 0.69 % |
Caribou | Soda Springs | 3C | 1919 | 6,826 | 00.45 % | 1,799 | 2.06 % |
Cassia | Burley | 4C | 1879 | 21,348 | 01.40 % | 2,580 | 2.95 % |
Clark | Dubois | 5C | 1919 | 910 | 00.06 % | 1,765 | 2.02 % |
Clearwater | Orofino | 6C | 1911 | 8,176 | 00.54 % | 2,488 | 2.84 % |
Custer | Challis | 7C | 1881 | 4,254 | 00.28 % | 4,937 | 5.64 % |
Elmore | Mountain Home | E | 1889 | 28,997 | 01.90 % | 3,101 | 3.54 % |
Franklin | Preston | 1F | 1913 | 12,454 | 00.82 % | 668 | 0.76 % |
Fremont | St. Anthony | 2F | 1893 | 12,551 | 00.82 % | 1,896 | 2.17 % |
Gem | Emmett | 1G | 1915 | 16,513 | 01.08 % | 566 | 0.65 % |
Gooding | Gooding | 2G | 1913 | 14,295 | 00.94 % | 734 | 0.84 % |
Idaho | Grangeville | I | 1861/1864 | 15,448 | 01.01 % | 8,502 | 9.71 % |
Jefferson | Rigby | 1J | 1913 | 23,860 | 01.57 % | 1,106 | 1.26 % |
Jerome | Jerome | 2J | 1919 | 20,468 | 01.34 % | 602 | 0.69 % |
Kootenai | Coeur d'Alene | K | 1864 | 137,475 | 09.02 % | 1,316 | 1.50 % |
Latah | Moscow | 1L | 1888 | 35,906 | 02.36 % | 1,077 | 1.23 % |
Lemhi | Salmon | 2L | 1869 | 7,808 | 00.51 % | 4,570 | 5.22 % |
Lewis | Nezperce | 3L | 1911 | 3,594 | 00.24 % | 480 | 0.55 % |
Lincoln | Shoshone | 4L | 1895 | 4,503 | 00.30 % | 1,206 | 1.38 % |
Madison | Rexburg | 1M | 1914 | 37,456 | 02.46 % | 473 | 0.54 % |
Minidoka | Rupert | 2M | 1913 | 18,645 | 01.22 % | 763 | 0.87 % |
Nez Perce | Lewiston | N | 1861/1864 | 38,975 | 02.56 % | 856 | 0.98 % |
Oneida | Malad City | 1O | 1864 | 4,130 | 00.27 % | 1,202 | 1.37 % |
Owyhee | Murphy | 2O | 1863 | 10,877 | 00.71 % | 7,697 | 8.79 % |
Payette | Payette | 1P | 1917 | 22,966 | 01.51 % | 410 | 0.47 % |
Power | American Falls | 2P | 1913 | 7,683 | 00.50 % | 1,443 | 1.65 % |
Shoshone | Wallace | S | 1861/64 | 12,913 | 0.85 % | 2 636 | 3.01 % |
Teton | Driggs | 1T | 1915 | 8,833 | 0.58 % | 451 | 0.52 % |
Twin Falls | Twin Falls | 2T | 1907 | 74,284 | 4.87 % | 1 928 | 2.20 % |
Valley | Cascade | V | 1917 | 8,862 | 0.58 % | 3 734 | 4.27 % |
Washington | Weiser | W | 1879 | 10,206 | 0.67 % | 1 474 | 1.68 % |
Total Counties: 44. Total 2008 Population Est.: 1 523 816. Total Area: 87,530 square miles (226,700 km2).
Three counties were first designated as such by the Washington Territorial Legislature in 1861;[68] they were subsequently redesignated as Idaho counties in 1864. The 1861 Nez Percé county has since been broken up into Nez Percé, Lewis, Boundary, Benewah, Latah, Kootenai, and Clearwater counties.
Idaho license plates begin with a county designation based on the first letter of the county's name. Where a letter is at the beginning of more than one name, a number accompanies precedingly in alphabetical order. This reflects an anomalous coincidental situation wherein 10 counties begin with B, seven with C and four with L, which is 21 of the 44 counties.
Politics
Year | Republican | Democratic |
---|---|---|
2016
|
59.27% 410,269 | 27.50% 190,383 |
2012
|
64.53% 420,390 | 32.62% 212,699 |
2008
|
61.52% 403,012 | 36.09% 236,440 |
2004
|
68.38% 409,235 | 30.26% 181,098 |
2000
|
67.17% 336,937 | 27.64% 138,637 |
1996
|
52.18% 256,595 | 33.65% 165,443 |
1992
|
42.03% 202,645 | 28.42% 137,013 |
1988
|
62.08% 253,881 | 36.01% 147,272 |
1984
|
72.36% 297,523 | 26.39% 108,510 |
1980
|
66.46% 290,699 | 25.19% 110,192 |
1976
|
59.88% 204,151 | 37.12% 126,549 |
1972
|
64.24% 199,384 | 26.04% 80,826 |
1968
|
56.79% 165,369 | 30.66% 89,273 |
1964
|
49.08% 143,557 | 50.92% 148,920 |
1960
|
53.78% 161,597 | 46.22% 138,853 |
After the
In 1864, Clinton DeWitt Smith removed the territorial seal and the state constitution from a locked safe, and took them to Boise. This effectively moved the capital from where they were stored (Lewiston, Idaho) to the current capital Boise, Idaho.[69]
Since statehood, the Republican Party has usually been the dominant party in Idaho. At one time, Idaho had two Democratic parties, one being the mainstream and the other called the Anti-Mormon Democrats, lasting into the early 20th century. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the
Idaho Congressional delegations have also been generally Republican since statehood. Several Idaho Democrats have had electoral success in the House over the years, but the Senate delegation has been a Republican stronghold for decades. Several Idaho Republicans, including current Senator Mike Crapo, have won reelection to the Senate, but only Frank Church has won reelection as a Democrat. Church was the last Idaho Democrat to win a U.S. Senate race, in 1974. Walt Minnick's 2008 win in the First Congressional District was the state's first Democratic Congressional victory in 16 years.
In modern times, Idaho has been a reliably Republican state in presidential politics as well. It has not supported a Democrat for
In the 2006 elections, Republicans, led by gubernatorial candidate
Republicans lost one of the House seats in 2008 to Minnick, but Republican
Cities and towns
Population > 100,000 (urbanized area)
- Boise – state capital
Population > 50,000 (urbanized area)
- Idaho Falls – location of the main offices of the Idaho National Laboratory
- Nampa – home of Northwest Nazarene University
- Pocatello – home of Idaho State University
- Meridian – suburb of Boise, fastest growing city in Idaho
Population > 30,000 (urbanized area)
- Caldwell – home of the College of Idaho
- Coeur d'Alene – home of North Idaho College, major tourist hub
- Lewis-Clark State College, inland port
- Twin Falls – home of College of Southern Idaho, BASE jumping
Population > 10,000 (urbanized area)
Smaller towns and cities
Protected areas
National parks, reserves, monuments and historic sites
National recreation areas
National wildlife refuges and Wilderness Areas
National conservation areas
State parks
Education
Colleges and universities
The Idaho State Board of Education oversees three comprehensive universities. The
Idaho has four regional community colleges:
Private institutions in Idaho are
Sports
Central Idaho is home to one of North America's oldest
Club | Sport | League |
---|---|---|
Boise Hawks | Baseball | (Class A)
|
Boise State Broncos | NCAA | Div I FBS – MWC
|
Idaho Vandals | NCAA | Div I FBS – Sun Belt
|
Idaho State Bengals | NCAA | Div I FCS – Big Sky
|
Idaho Falls Chukars | Baseball | (Rookie)
|
Idaho Steelheads | Ice hockey
|
ECHL |
The
High school sports are overseen by the Idaho High School Activities Association (IHSAA).
In 2016, Meridian's Michael Slagowski ran 800 meters in 1:48.70. That is one of the 35 fastest 800 meter times ever run by a high school boy in the United States.[75] Weeks later, he would become only the ninth high school boy to complete a mile in under 4 minutes, running 3:59.53.
Official state emblems
- State amphibian: Idaho Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus)[76]
- State bird: mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
- State dance: square dance
- State fish: cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)
- State flower: syringa (Philadelphus lewisii)
- State fossil: Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens)
- State fruit: huckleberry
- State gem: star garnet
- State horse: Appaloosa
- State motto: Esto perpetua ("Let it be perpetual")[77]
- State insect: monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
- State raptor: peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)
- State song: "Here We Have Idaho"
- State tree: western white pine (Pinus monticola)
- State vegetable: potato
In popular culture
River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves starred in the movie My Own Private Idaho, portions of which take place in Idaho.[78][79]
The 2004 cult film Napoleon Dynamite takes place in Preston, Idaho. The director and his wife, Jared and Jerusha Hess, attended Preston High School.[citation needed]
Judy Garland performed the elaborate song-and-dance routine "Born in a Trunk in the Princess Theater in Pocatello, Idaho" in the 1954 version of the film A Star is Born.[80]
The 1988 film Moving starring Richard Pryor has the main character take a promotion in Idaho.[81]
2015 Tv series The Grinder is set in Boise, Idaho, although it was not filmed there.[82]
See also
References
- U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- ^ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ "Beauty Reset". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "Western States Data Public Land Acreage". Wildlandfire.com. November 13, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ "USDA Forest Service – Comment Form". Fs.fed.us. April 1, 2005. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ Rees, John E (1928) [1868]. "Idaho – its meaning, origin and application". Internet Archive. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ Idaho. MSN. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
:|work=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Did Idaho Get Its Name As a Result of a Hoax?". Museum of hoaxes. April 25, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ "Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863", Idaho Museum of Natural History (PDF), ISU.
- ^ Barber; Martin (1956). Idaho in the Pacific Northwest. Caxton Printers; Library of Congress. 55-5192.
- ^ "Idaho", Online Etymology Dictionary (dictionary).
- ^ "Port of Lewiston". US history. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
- ^ "Sawtooth Range". Idaho climbing guide. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Part of Idaho in fourth zone". U.S. Code. Washington, D.C., U.S.: House of representatives. 264. Archived from the original on January 25, 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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The transportation department also oversees federal grants to 15 rural and urban public transportation systems, provides state rail planning and rail-project development and supports bicycle and pedestrian projects.
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{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: others (link)
External links
- State of Idaho government.
- Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress
- Idaho at Curlie
- Energy Profile for Idaho, US: DoE.
- Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation.
- "Idaho Newspapers", US newspapers, archived from the original on June 20, 2012
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help). - Idaho State Databases (wiki), Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies.
- Idaho State Facts, USDA.
- Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience (teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan), National Park Service.
- The History of Idaho, State government.
- "States", Quick facts, US: Census Bureau, archived from the original on June 23, 2012
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help). - Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho, USGS.
- Visit Idaho (official state tourism website).
- Geographic data related to Idaho at OpenStreetMap