Anarchism in Andorra

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Anarchism in Andorra peaked during the 1930s, when anarchist ideas were at the forefront of revolutionary politics in the

Catalan countries
.

History

During the time of the

bishop of La Seu d'Urgell, Justí Guitart i Vilardebó. The same situation was repeated as during the French Revolution
. Spain did not conceive that one of its citizens had the sovereignty of another state. The Spanish and Catalan press began to criticize the role of co-prince, exclaiming that it was possible that the Andorran people had no sovereignty and would be subject to two feudal princes.

From

universal male suffrage and the implementation of civil liberties
.

The Spanish republic denied the bishop the right to be co-prince of Andorra, with annexationist intentions behind it. The

Aran Valley when he learned of the military coup. On the night of his escape, a group of anarchists went to wake him up by standing under the window where he was staying to sing the Internationale with their fists raised.[1] Before leaving, he left the episcopal delegation in the hands of Miquel Mateu. Once in San Remo, the nationalists convinced him to sign the collective letter of the bishops of 1937. It was a manifesto in which the Catholic Church supported fascism.[1]

Refugees and border control

With the outbreak of the

Andorra–Catalunya border, where they began to take control of smuggling operations. Puigcerdà was also the border with the second-most escapes.[1]

FHASA workers and Andorrans before the war

Catalunya while the higher ones followed the French temperament. The constant movement of people through Andorra made it impossible to take a neutral position and its people opted for one side or the other. In Sant Julià the border was blocked during the war to prevent anarchists from entering the country. Border control was so strict that even a valid pass or passport did not guarantee escape or entry into Andorra. The Andorran youth largely sympathized with the republican cause and wanted to proclaim an Independent Republic of Andorra. The older generations, on the other hand, were largely followers of fascism and hoped that it would establish "order" in Andorra. There were also Andorrans who helped the refugees on both sides by giving them food and sleep.[1]

The two sides often settled their differences by shooting at each other in the mountains, which provided anonymity from the Andorran authorities. Within the country republicans and nationalists were waging small-scale warfare with real weapons. An improvised hospital had to be set up at FHASA to manage the arrival of all those refugees who had been shot during their entrance into Andorra.

The intervention of the gendarmerie

According to the Andorran authorities, the group that caused the most instability was the FHASA workers, who gathered weapons for a republican revolution in the country. The plan was to take advantage of the fact that during the winter the port on the French side was blocked. But the attempt failed after the General Council approved French intervention by a majority. Although he did not intervene in Spain, the French co-prince

Pas de la Casa. Despite this, General René Baulard once again occupied the country.[1]

Lists of anarchist and nationalist in Andorra were drawn up. After the occupation, many anarchists had to ask the gendarmerie for permission to stay.

Workers' Party of Marxist Unification, helped to organize the Andorran escape network.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Soriano 2005.
  2. ^ Rubió i Coromina 2015, pp. 385.
  3. ^ Badia i Batalla 1997, pp. 171–221.
  4. ^ a b Porta & Cebrián 2009.
  5. ^ Llahí i Segalàs 2012, p. 85-87.
  6. ^ Melich Gutiérrez, Enric; Camacho Escamez, Diego (21 July 2012). "Entrevista a Enric Melich Gutiérrez, maquis de la resistència francesa, passador de jueus i clandestins, activista anarquista, llibreter i sindicalista". En contra: els Poders i els seus servidors. Entrevistes Catalunya i altres (in Catalan). VilaWeb. Retrieved 25 July 2021.

Bibliography