Hualca Hualca

Coordinates: 15°43′14.15″S 071°51′19.80″W / 15.7205972°S 71.8555000°W / -15.7205972; -71.8555000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the mountain in the Apurímac Region, Peru, see Wallqa Wallqa (Apurímac).
Hualca Hualca
Highest point
Elevation6,025 m (19,767 ft)[1]
Prominence692 m (2,270 ft)
Parent peakAmpato
Coordinates15°43′14.15″S 071°51′19.80″W / 15.7205972°S 71.8555000°W / -15.7205972; -71.8555000[2]
Geography
Hualca Hualca is located in Peru
Hualca Hualca
Hualca Hualca
Location of Hualca Hualca in Peru.
Location
Central Volcanic Zone
Last eruptionUnknown
Climbing
First ascent6 April 1966 - Richard R. Culbert (Canada)[3][4]

Hualca Hualca

Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru. It has a height of 6,025 metres (19,767 ft).[1][6][a][b] It is located at the Peruvian province of Caylloma.[1]

Geography and geomorphology

Hualca Hualca is part of the

Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic belt which occurs where the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South America Plate. Volcanoes in Peru that are part of the Central Volcanic Zone include Ampato, Casiri, Chachani, Coropuna, El Misti, Huaynaputina, Pichu Pichu, Sabancaya, Sara Sara, Solimana, Ticsani, Tutupaca, Ubinas and Yucamane.[14]

Hualca Hualca seen from the north on the approach trek

Hualca Hualca forms a volcanic complex with the two southerly volcanoes

sphene. The magma probably originated through mixing processes, similar to Sabancaya.[5]

Sector collapse

The northern flank of Hualca Hualca underwent a large sector collapse between 1.36 and 0.61 million years ago,

lava flows which then formed volcanic dams in the Colca Valley.[19] Lava domes and pyroclastic flows also originated within the collapse scar.[5] Earthquakes and hydrothermal alteration probably caused the onset of the collapse event.[18]

Glaciation

The volcano was glaciated during the

irrigated agriculture there; the mountain is worshipped by local inhabitants, who according to reports in 1586 believed that their ancestors come from it.[22]

Recent activity

Hualca Hualca is considered to be an extinct volcano;

hydrothermal system at Hualca Hualca increased beginning in 2016, an increase linked to eruptions of Sabancaya and earthquakes.[25]

Climbing and first ascent

Hualca Hualca can be climbed in a few days from the village of Pinchollo by the north side.

Incans, such as coca leaves and a puma skin, was found near the summit. Some reports show Piero Ghiglione and P. Chavez reaching the summit on 23 August 1950, however this was a secondary summit.[1]

See also

Notes

  1. ALOS 5,977 metres (19,610 ft)[11] and TanDEM-X 6,031 metres (19,787 ft).[12]
  2. parent peak is Ampato and the Topographic isolation is 11.3 kilometres (7.0 mi).<[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Hualca Hualca". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Nevado Hualca Hualca". GEOnet Names Server. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  3. ^ "AAJ". AAJ: 202. 1968.
  4. ^ Evelio Echevarría (1971). "AAJ". AAJ: 379.
  5. ^
    Bibcode:2005AGUFM.V53B1552B
    .
  6. ^ a b Peru 1:100 000, Chivay (32-s). IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional – Perú). as Nevado Hualca Hualca
  7. ^ Radio San Gabriel, "Instituto Radiofonico de Promoción Aymara" (IRPA) 1993, Republicado por Instituto de las Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLLA-A) 2011, Transcripción del Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, P. Ludovico Bertonio 1612 (Spanish-Aymara-Aymara-Spanish dictionary)
  8. ^ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007). Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua (PDF). La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
  9. ^ USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. ^ a b "ASTER GDEM Project". ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  11. ^ "ALOS GDEM Project". Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  12. ^ TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  14. ^
    S2CID 129294486
    .
  15. S2CID 128592747
    .
  16. ^
    S2CID 130282743
    .
  17. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2012.06.016
    .
  18. ^
    doi:10.1080/17445647.2016.1142479
    .
  19. S2CID 140559785
    .
  20. Bibcode:2015EGUGA..1712930A
    .
  21. Bibcode:2015EGUGA..1713492A
    .
  22. ISSN 1470-9856
    .
  23. S2CID 4342717
    .
  24. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:svawsr>2.0.co;2
    .
  25. S2CID 218797689
    .
  26. ISBN 978-0-9536087-6-8
    .
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