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Introduction

Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania

Lithuania (/ˌlɪθjuˈeɪniə/ ^ⓘ LITH-yoo-AYN-ee-ə; Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika [lʲɪɛtʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ]), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. It borders Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km² (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.86 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Lithuanians belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian, one of only a few living members of the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family, which is also the most widely spoken language of the branch.

For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various

reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944. Lithuanian armed resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when it proclaimed the restoration of its independence

.

Lithuania is a developed country with a high income, advanced economy, ranking 35th in the Human Development Index. Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the eurozone, the Nordic Investment Bank, the Schengen Agreement, NATO, and OECD. It also participates in the Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) regional co-operation format. (Full article...)

Selected pictures

Image 1Population of Lithuania 1915–2014 (from Lithuania)
Image 2Lithuanian cemetery at All Souls night (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 3Vilnius University, one of the oldest universities in the region. It was established by Stephen Báthory, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, in 1579. (from Lithuania)
Image 4 Mažeikiai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 5 Kaunas (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 6Commemoration of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania in the historical Seimas hall where it was originally signed in 1990. The ceremony is attended by the Lithuanian President, Prime Minister, Chairman of the Seimas and other high-ranking officials. (from Lithuania)
Image 7 Palanga (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 8 Telšiai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 9The white stork is the national bird of Lithuania, which has the highest-density stork population in Europe. (from Lithuania)
Image 10 Radviliškis (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 11 Ukmergė (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 12Lithuania has longlasting beer brewing traditions. (from Lithuania)
Image 131960 postage stamp depicting Lithuanians in
traditional clothing (from Culture of Lithuania
)

Image 14Site of the
German Nazis and their collaborators executed up to 100,000 people of various nationalities. About 70,000 of them were Jews. (from Lithuania
)

Image 15Lithuanian armoured train Gediminas 3, used in Lithuanian Wars of Independence and Lithuanian soldiers (from Lithuania)
Image 16Yellow, green, and red horizontally shape the flag of Lithuania (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 17Statutes of Lithuania were the central piece of Lithuanian law in 1529–1795. (from Lithuania)
Image 18A proportional representation of Lithuania's exports, 2019 (from Lithuania)
Image 19Vilnius Cathedral by Laurynas Gucevičius (from Lithuania)
Image 20A Lithuanian folklore band Kūlgrinda performing in Vilnius (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 21 Alytus (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 22
scythemen during the 1831 uprising (from Lithuania
)

Image 23Kaunas Clinics, a medical institution in Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 24Lithuania's name in writing (Litua, on line 7), 1009 (from Lithuania)
Image 25Hill of Crosses near Šiauliai (from Lithuania)
Image 26Rock band Antis, which under firm censorship actively mocked the Soviet Union regime by using metaphors in their lyrics, during an Anti-Sovietism, Anti-communism concert in 1987 (from Lithuania)
Image 27 Panevėžys (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 28Monument in Naujoji Vilnia in memory of the Soviet deportations from Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 29Lithuanian Army soldiers marching with their
dress uniforms in Vilnius. An officer stands out with a sword. (from Lithuania
)

Image 30Real GDP per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 31 Šiauliai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 32Lithuanian dark rye bread (from Lithuania)
Image 33Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in Vilnius, marked 6, in 1600 (from Lithuania)
Image 34Cepelinai, a potato-based dumpling dish characteristic of Lithuanian cuisine with meat, curd or mushrooms (from Lithuania)
Image 35 Elektrėnai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 36Changes in the territory of Lithuania from the 13th to 15th century. At its peak, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. Lithuania's strength was its toleration of various cultures and religions. (from Lithuania)
Image 37A1 motorway near Kaunas (from Lithuania)
Image 38
Grand Dukes and capital city of the medieval state (from Lithuania
)

Image 39Baltic amber was once a valuable trade resource. It was transported from the region of modern-day Lithuania to the Roman Empire and Egypt through the Amber Road. (from Lithuania)
Image 40Romuva Cinema, the oldest still operational cinema in Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 41 Kretinga (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 42Lithuania was recently a member of the United Nations Security Council. Its representatives are on the right side. (from Lithuania)
Image 43Physical map and geomorphological subdivision of Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 44A ceremony of Lithuanian modern pagans. (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 45Lithuanian police cruiser in Gediminas Avenue, Vilnius (from Lithuania)
Image 46Lithuanian counties by GDP per capita, 2022 (from Lithuania)
Image 47The title page of Radivilias (1592, Vilnius). The poem celebrating commander Mikalojus Radvila Rudasis (1512–1584) and recounts the famous victory of Lithuanian Armed Forces over Moscow troops (1564). (from Lithuania)
Image 48Lithuanian basketball clubs Žalgiris and Šiauliai playing a match (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 49The first Lithuanian printed book, Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas (1547, Königsberg) (from Lithuania)
Image 50
Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange, located in K29 business centre in Konstitucijos Avenue, Vilnius (from Lithuania
)

Image 51Mineral water spring in Birštonas (from Lithuania)
Image 52
Simple Words of Catechism by Martynas Mažvydas was the first Lithuanian book and was published in 1547. (from Culture of Lithuania
)

Image 53Druskininkai is a popular spa town. (from Lithuania)
Image 54Bishop Motiejus Valančius resisted Russification. He urged protest against the closing of Catholic churches and organised book printing in Lithuanian in Lithuania Minor. (from Lithuania)
Image 55
FIBA Rankings. (from Lithuania
)

Image 56Population density of Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 57The Picture Gallery in Vilnius' Chodkiewicz Palace (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 58Lyduvėnai Bridge, the highest (42 m.) and the longest (599 m.) railway bridge in the Baltics (from Lithuania)
Image 59
interbellum Lithuania (1919–1920, 1926–1940). (from Lithuania
)

Image 60 Šilutė (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 61On
war crimes. (from Lithuania
)

Image 62 Plungė (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 63Lithuanian artist
avant-garde cinema (from Culture of Lithuania
)

Image 64 Klaipėda (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 65The original 20 members of the Council of Lithuania after signing the Act of Independence of Lithuania, 16 February 1918 (from Lithuania)
Image 66Kings' Fairy Tale (1908–1909) by Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (from Lithuania)
Image 67Gryčia (traditional dwelling house, built in the 19th century) (from Lithuania)
Image 68The earliest known Lithuanian glosses (between 1520 and 1530) written in the margins of Johann Herolt book Liber Discipuli de eruditione Christifidelium. Words: teprÿdav[ſ]ʒÿ (let it strike), vbagÿſte (indigence). (from Lithuania)
Image 69Opera performance Sun & Sea (Marina) at 2019 Venice Biennale (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 70Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 71 Jonava (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 72Lithuania's GDP per capita compared to rest of the world (2022) (from Lithuania)
Image 73 Gargždai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 74 Utena (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 75Biržai Castle (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 76Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant (from Lithuania)
Image 77 Tauragė (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 78
Violeta Urmanavičiūtė, a Lithuanian soprano singer. (from Culture of Lithuania
)

Image 79An
Anti-Soviet rally in Vingis Park of about 250,000 people. Sąjūdis was a movement which led to the restoration of an Independent State of Lithuania. (from Lithuania
)

Image 80Seimas — Parliament of Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 81FSRU Independence in port of Klaipėda (from Lithuania)
Image 82Telia (skyscraper with the old Teo LT logo) and Huawei headquarters in Vilnius (from Lithuania)
Image 83Major highways in Lithuania (from Lithuania)
Image 84The Baltic Way was a mass anti-Soviet demonstration where approx. 25% of the population of the Baltic states participated. (from Lithuania)
Image 85Stamp dedicated to Lithuania's presidency of the European Union. Post of Lithuania, 2013. (from Lithuania)
Image 86Painter and composer M.K. Čiurlionis (from Lithuania)
Image 87Lithuanian Army soldiers with their NATO allies during Iron Sword 2014 (from Lithuania)
Image 88Lituanica above New York in 1933. The transatlantic flight was one of the most precise in aviation history. It equaled, and in some aspects surpassed, Charles Lindbergh's classic flight. (from Lithuania)
Image 89 Visaginas (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 90Cepelinai served with sour cream (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 91 Marijampolė (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 92The victory of the
Muscovites at the Battle of Orsha in 1514 (from Lithuania
)

Image 93Vilnius University Life Sciences Center in the Sunrise Valley (from Lithuania)
Image 94
Vytautas the Great in the centre (from Lithuania
)

Image 95Marijampolė railway station, completed in 1924 (from Lithuania)
Image 96 Druskininkai (from List of cities in Lithuania)
Image 97Soldiers of the Red Army enter the territory of Lithuania during the first Soviet occupation in 1940. (from Lithuania)
Image 98Lithuanian resistance fighters. The armed resistance was 50,000 strong at its peak. (from Lithuania)
Image 99The Great Courtyard of Vilnius University and the Church of St. Johns (from Culture of Lithuania)
Image 100 Kėdainiai (from List of cities in Lithuania)

Selected county

Image 1

capital is Telšiai. There are Lithuanians (98.7%), Latvians (0.1%), Russians (0.9%), and others (0.3%). On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Telšiai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 2

Location of Tauragė County

Tauragė County (Lithuanian: Tauragės apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the west of the country, and its capital is Tauragė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Tauragė County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...)
Image 3

ethnographic region of Dzūkija. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Alytus County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 4

capital is Panevėžys. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Panevėžys County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 5

capital is Šiauliai. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Šiauliai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 6

capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished. (Full article...
)

Image 7

Utena, which is 95 km (59 mi) from Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished. Since that date, Utena County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 8

capital is Klaipėda. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Klaipėda County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Image 9

Vilnius skyline

Vilnius County (Lithuanian: Vilniaus apskritis) is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius and is also known as Capital Region or Sostinės regionas by the Lithuanian statistics department and Eurostat. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...)
Image 10

capital is the town Marijampolė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Marijampolė County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. (Full article...
)

Selected municipality

Image 1

Anykščiai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 2

Sūduva Heights

Vilkaviškis District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. Its administrative center is Vilkaviškis. (Full article...)
Image 3

Location of Šiauliai district municipality within Lithuania

Šiauliai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 4

Ignalina District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 5

Migoniai mound

Pasvalys District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 6

Tumulus

Pagėgiai Municipality (Lithuanian: Pagėgių savivaldybė) is a municipality in Tauragė County, Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 7
Eurobasket 2011 group matches. (Full article...
)

Image 8

Šalčininkai Manor

Šalčininkai District Municipality (Lithuanian: Šalčininkų rajono savivaldybė) is one of 60 district municipalities in Lithuania. The municipality is part of the Vilnius County and is located in southeastern Lithuania, next to the Belarus–Lithuania border. The south-eastern border of the municipality with Belarus includes a distinctive salient of Lithuanian territory, known as the Dieveniškės appendix, almost completely surrounded by Belarus.

Šalčininkai is the largest town and the administrative center of the district with its newly built quarters, while the second largest town is Eišiškės, a more historical town, which was the center of the district and the largest town before 1972. (Full article...)
Image 9

Wetlands and Leciškiai lake

Marijampolė Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.

Marijampolė has a City Council with 27 members. The members of the City Council represent different Lithuanian political parties. (Full article...)
Image 10

town twinning association Douzelage from 2008 to 2018. (Full article...
)

Image 11

Kupa is a river flowing through Kupiškis

Kupiškis District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...
)

Image 12
dunes. (Full article...
)

Image 13

Aristava

Kėdainiai District Municipality (Lithuanian: Kėdainių rajono savivaldybė) is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania, located in the central part of the country. (Full article...)
Image 14

Kalvarija Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. (Full article...)
Image 15

Burbiškiai mound

Telšiai District Municipality (Lithuanian: Telšių rajono savivaldybė, Samogitian: Telšiū rajuona savivaldībė) is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania, containing the city of Telšiai. (Full article...)

Selected World Heritage Site

Image 1

Jogaila in 1387 on the Magdeburg rights the oldest part of the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius, it had been developed over the course of many centuries, and has been shaped by the city's history and a constantly changing cultural influence. It is a place where some of Europe's greatest architectural styles—gothic, renaissance, baroque and neoclassical—stand side by side and complement each other. There are many Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox churches, residential houses, cultural and architectural monuments, museums in the Old Town.

Pilies Street is the Old Town's main artery and the hub of cafe and street market life. The main street of Vilnius, Gediminas Avenue, is partially located in the Old Town. The central squares in the Old Town are the Cathedral Square and the Town Hall Square. (Full article...
)

Image 2

exact size and shape of the earth. At that time, the chain passed merely through three countries: Norway, Sweden and the Russian Empire. The Arc's first point is located in Tartu Observatory in Estonia, where Struve conducted much of his research. Measurement of the triangulation chain comprises 258 main triangles and 265 geodetic vertices. The northernmost point is located near Hammerfest in Norway and the southernmost point near the Black Sea in Ukraine. (Full article...
)

Image 3

Širvintos district municipality located in southeast Lithuania. A Lithuanian state cultural reserve was established in Kernavė in 1989. In 2004 Kernavė Archaeological Site was included into UNESCO world heritage list. (Full article...
)

Image 4

UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Lithuania and Russia. Its southern portion lies within Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, and its northern within southwestern Klaipėda County of Lithuania. (Full article...
)

Selected history article

Image 1
The central parliament and local assemblies, but from 1573 led by elected kings. The formal rule of the nobility, which was a much greater proportion of the population than in other European countries, constituted a sophisticated early democratic system, in contrast to the absolute monarchies prevalent at that time in the rest of Europe.^[a]
The Polish–Lithuanian Union had become an influential player in Europe and a significant cultural entity. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a huge state in central-eastern Europe, with an area approaching one million square kilometers. (Full article...
)

Image 2
Dnieper rivers to Italy, Greece, the Black Sea, Syria and Egypt over a period of thousands of years. (Full article...
)

Image 3
Neman River (present-day northern Poland, southern Lithuania, western Belarus and Kaliningrad Oblast). In the north, the Neman culture bordered the Kunda culture during the Mesolithic and the Narva culture during the Neolithic. (Full article...
)

Image 4

fellow travelers arranged rigged elections with falsified results. Shortly thereafter, the newly elected "people's assemblies" passed resolutions requesting admission into the Soviet Union. In June 1941 the new Soviet governments carried out mass deportations of "enemies of the people". Consequently, at first many Balts greeted the Germans as liberators when they occupied the area a week later. (Full article...
)

Image 5
The Kunda culture, which originated from the Swiderian culture, comprised Mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities of the Baltic forest zone extending eastwards through Latvia into northern Russia, dating to the period 8500–5000 BC according to calibrated radiocarbon dating. It is named after the Estonian town of Kunda, about 110 kilometres (70 mi) east of Tallinn along the Gulf of Finland, near where the first extensively studied settlement was discovered on Lammasmäe Hill and in the surrounding peat bog. The oldest known settlement of the Kunda culture in Estonia is Pulli. The Kunda culture was succeeded by the Narva culture, who used pottery and showed some traces of food production. (Full article...)

Image 6

Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and link up with the German Revolution. By the end of December 1918 Soviet forces reached Lithuanian borders. Largely unopposed, they occupied one town after another and by the end of January 1919 controlled about two thirds of the Lithuanian territory. In February, the Soviet advance was stopped by Lithuanian and German volunteers, who prevented the Soviets from capturing Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania. From April 1919, the Lithuanian war went parallel with the Polish–Soviet War. Poland had territorial claims over Lithuania, especially the Vilnius Region; these tensions spilt over into the Polish–Lithuanian War.

British-Polish historian Norman Davies summarized the situation: "the German army was supporting the Lithuanian nationalists, the Soviets were supporting the Lithuanian communists and the Polish Army was fighting them all." In mid-May, the Lithuanian army, now commanded by General Silvestras Žukauskas, began an offensive against the Soviets in Northeastern Lithuania. By mid-June, the Lithuanians reached the Latvian border and cornered the Soviets among lakes and hills near Zarasai, where the Soviets held out until the end of August 1919. The Soviets and Lithuanians, separated by the Daugava River, maintained their fronts until the Battle of Daugavpils in January 1920. As early as September 1919, the Soviets offered to negotiate a peace treaty, but talks began only in May 1920. The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty was signed on July 12, 1920. Soviet Russia fully recognized independent Lithuania. (Full article...
)

Image 7
The history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764) covers a period in the history of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the time their joint state became the theater of wars and invasions fought on a great scale in the middle of the 17th century, to the time just before the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

From the 17th century, the nobles' democracy, experienced devastating wars and fell into internal disorder and then anarchy, and as a result declined. The once powerful Commonwealth had become vulnerable to internal warfare and foreign intervention. In 1648 the Cossack Khmelnytsky Uprising engulfed the south and east of the vast Polish–Lithuanian state, and was soon followed by a Swedish invasion, which raged through core Polish lands. Warfare with the Cossacks and Russia left Ukraine divided; the eastern part, lost by the Commonwealth, became a dependency of the Tsardom of Russia. John III Sobieski, who fought protracted wars against the Ottoman Empire, revived the Commonwealth's military might once more. In one decisive engagement he helped in 1683 to deliver Vienna from a Turkish onslaught. (Full article...)

Image 8

Grand Duchy of Moscow. Poland's and Lithuania's territorial expansion included the far north region of Livonia. (Full article...
)

Image 9
Jogaila of Lithuania, who was crowned jure uxoris King of Poland. Their descendant, Sigismund II Augustus, enforced the merger to strengthen frontiers of his dominion and maintain unity as he remained childless. His death in 1572 marked the end of the Jagiellonian dynasty and introduced an elective monarchy, whereupon members of domestic noble families or external dynasties were elected to the throne for life. (Full article...
)

Image 10
Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija, which by 1440, became the largest European state controlling an area from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south.

The grand duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other neighbouring states, including what is now Belarus, Lithuania, most of Ukraine as well as parts of Latvia, Moldova, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multi-ethnic and multiconfessional state, with great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage. (Full article...
)

Image 11
parishes established in pagan Baltic lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania subsequent to the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387. Lithuania proper (Lithuania Propria) was always distinguished from the Ruthenian lands since the Lithuanians differed from the Ruthenians in their language and faith (Paganism in the beginning and Catholicism since 1387). The term in Latin was widely used during the Middle Ages and can be found in numerous historical maps until World War I.

Lithuania proper is sometimes also called Lithuania Major, particularly in contrast with Lithuania Minor. (Full article...
)

Image 12
Latin: Annales Quedlinburgenses, written between 1008 and 1030) in a 9 March 1009 story of Saint Bruno . The Chronicle recorded in the form Litua (in the phrase "in confinio Rusciæ et Lituæ a paganis capite plexus"). Although it is clear the name originated from a Baltic language, scholars still debate the meaning of the word. (Full article...
)

Image 13
Charles X Gustav in accordance with the Union of Kėdainiai. It de jure existed from 1655 until 1657 when it was terminated and fully reincorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. (Full article...
)

Image 14

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years. The partitions were conducted by the Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures and annexations.

The First Partition was decided on August 5, 1772, after the Bar Confederation lost the war with Russia. The Second Partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792 when Russian and Prussian troops entered the Commonwealth and the partition treaty was signed during the Grodno Sejm on January 23, 1793 (without Austria). The Third Partition took place on October 24, 1795, in reaction to the unsuccessful Polish Kościuszko Uprising the previous year. With this partition, the Commonwealth ceased to exist. (Full article...)

Image 15
Republic of Lithuania, with the exception of minor adjustments to its border with Belarus.

During World War II, the previously independent Republic of Lithuania was occupied by the Red Army on 16 June 1940, in conformity with the terms of the 23 August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and established as a puppet state on 21 July. Between 1941 and 1944, the German invasion of the Soviet Union caused its de facto dissolution. However, with the retreat of the Germans in 1944–1945, Soviet hegemony was re-established and continued for forty-five years. As a result, many Western countries continued to recognize Lithuania as an independent, sovereign de jure state subject to international law, represented by the legations appointed by the pre-1940 Baltic states, which functioned in various places through the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service. (Full article...
)

Selected politics article

Image 1

Coat of arms used by Seimas

The Speaker of the Seimas (Lithuanian: Seimo pirmininkas, literally translated as Chairman of the Seimas) is the presiding officer of the Seimas, the parliament of Lithuania. The speaker and deputy speakers are elected by the members of the Seimas during the session. (Full article...)

Image 2

Member of the Seimas for the Antakalnis constituency since 2016 and was Minister of Finance in the second Kubilius cabinet from 2009 until 2012. Šimonytė was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election, but lost in the second round runoff to Gitanas Nausėda. She has been a member of Homeland Union since 2022, having previously been an independent politician. (Full article...
)

Image 3

Gitanas Nausėda (born 19 May 1964) is a Lithuanian politician, economist and banker who is serving as the ninth and current president of Lithuania since 2019. He was previously director of monetary policy at the Bank of Lithuania from 1996 to 2000 and chief economist to the chairman of SEB bankas from 2008 to 2018. (Full article...)

Image 4

The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas), or simply the Seimas (Lithuanian: [sɛɪˑmɐs]), is the unicameral legislative body of the Republic of Lithuania. The Seimas constitutes the legislative branch of government in Lithuania, enacting laws and amendments to the Constitution, passing the budget, confirming the Prime Minister and the Government and controlling their activities. (Full article...)

Image 5
delegation from Lithuania to the European Parliament in 2014. It was part of the wider 2014 European election. (Full article...
)

Image 6

Presidential elections were held in Lithuania on 17 May 2009. A run-off would have been held on 7 June 2009, but was not necessary as Dalia Grybauskaitė was elected with 69 percent of the vote, with voter turnout just over the 50% threshold for the result to be validated. This is the largest margin of victory in a direct presidential election in Lithuania. Grybauskaitė took office on 12 July as the country's first female president. (Full article...)

Image 7
This article lists political parties in Lithuania.
Lithuania has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. As of March 2024^[update], there are 22 active political parties, one inactive political party, and three political parties that are in the process of disestablishment registered with the Ministry of Justice. (Full article...)

Image 8

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausiasis Teismas) is the only court of cassation in the Lithuania for reviewing effective judgements and rulings passed by the courts hearing criminal cases at the first and appeal instances as well as decisions and rulings in civil cases passed by the courts of appeals. It is the highest court of cassation, but it cannot interpret the constitution, since that is under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania. (Full article...)

Image 9

Campus of Lithuanian Seimas

Seimas Palace (Lithuanian: Seimo rūmai) is the seat of the Seimas, the Lithuanian parliament. It is located in Lithuania's capital Vilnius. (Full article...)

Image 10
Taxes in
social security contributions are collected in a social security fund, outside the national budget. Taxes in Lithuania are administered by the State Tax Inspectorate, the Customs Department and the State Social Insurance Fund Board. In 2019, the total government revenue in Lithuania was 30.3% of GDP. (Full article...
)

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Coat of arms of Lithuania

The prime minister of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Ministras Pirmininkas; lit. "Minister-president") is the head of the government of Lithuania. The prime minister is Lithuania's head of government and is appointed by the president with the assent of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of prime minister was established in 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25 November 1992. (Full article...)

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Presidential coat of arms

The president of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas) is the head of state of Lithuania. The president directs and appoints the executive branch of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, represents the nation internationally and is the commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The president is directly elected by the citizens of Lithuania for a five-year term, with the office holder limited to serving two terms consecutively. The current president is Gitanas Nausėda who assumed office on July 12, 2019. (Full article...)

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The territory of
elderates (Lithuanian: singular seniūnija, plural seniūnijos). This division was created in 1994 and slightly modified in 2000. (Full article...
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There have been twelve referendums in Lithuania since it declared independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990. Because of strict requirements, only four referendums have been successful. Older Lithuanian laws required that more than half of all registered voters (not half of voters who participate) would vote in support of a proposal for it to become a binding obligation to the government. In 2002, this requirement was lowered to one third of all registered voters. (Full article...)

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administrative divisions. The first-level division consists of 10 counties (Lithuanian: singular – apskritis, plural – apskritys). These are sub-divided into 60 municipalities (Lithuanian: plural – savivaldybės, singular – savivaldybė), which in turn are further sub-divided into over 500 smaller groups, known as elderships (Lithuanian: plural – seniūnijos, singular – seniūnija). (Full article...
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Selected biography

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Gediminas Vagnorius (born 10 June 1957) is a Lithuanian politician and signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Prime Minister of Lithuania, heading the government between 1991 and 1992, and again from 1996 until 1999.

After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, its temporary currency, the Lithuanian talonas, was popularly known as vagnorkė or vagnorėlis after Vagnorius' name. (Full article...)

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Daniel Prenn (left) and Hans Moldenhauer

Daniel Prenn (7 September 1904 – 3 September 1991) was a Russian Empire-born German, Polish, and British tennis player who was Jewish. He was ranked the world No. 6 for 1932 by A. Wallis Myers, and the European No. 1 by "American Lawn Tennis" magazine. He was ranked world No. 8 in 1929 (Bill Tilden), world No. 7 in 1934 (American Lawn Tennis), and was ranked No. 1 in Germany for the four years from 1928 to 1932. He was a runner-up for the mixed doubles title of Wimbledon in 1930. When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they barred him from playing because he was Jewish. He emigrated from Germany to England, and later became a successful businessman. (Full article...)

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International Master and Honorary Grandmaster by FIDE. (Full article...
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Daytime Emmy Award in 2007.

Francis also appeared in the soap operas Days of Our Lives from 1987 to 1989, All My Children from 1990 to 1992 and The Young and the Restless from 2011 to 2012. (Full article...
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Brazauskas in 2005

Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas ([ˈɐ̂ˑlʲɡʲɪrdɐs ˈmʲîːkoːɫɐs brɐˈzɐ̂ˑʊskɐs] ^ⓘ, 22 September 1932 – 26 June 2010) was a Lithuanian politician who served as the fourth president of Lithuania from 1993 to 1998. He also served as the prime minister of Lithuania from 2001 to 2006. Brazauskas was the first democratically elected president of post-Soviet Lithuania.

He also served as head of the Communist Party of Lithuania that broke with Moscow. (Full article...)

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Golden Globe Award and Critics' Choice Award. (Full article...
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Lithuanian partisan, armed resister of Soviet occupation and the chairman of the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters, Žemaitis was posthumously nominated and acknowledged as the head of state of Lithuania following the re-establishment of independence. (Full article...
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Mariel Leigh Zagunis (born March 3, 1985) is an American sabre fencer. She is a two-time Olympic champion in the individual sabre (2004 and 2008) and the first American to win a gold medal in Olympic fencing. She was Team USA flag bearer in the 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations. She has two Olympic bronze team medals (in 2008 and 2016) and is a five-time Olympian (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020). (Full article...)

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Igoris Morinas (born 21 February 1975) is a Lithuanian former international footballer. (Full article...)

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Lavrinovič with Lithuania in 2014

Kšyštof Lavrinovič (Polish: Krzysztof Ławrynowicz; born 1 November 1979) is a Lithuanian former professional basketball player. During his playing career, he played at the power forward and center positions. Lavrinovič was a two-time All-EuroLeague selection. (Full article...)

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Shatner in 2023

William Shatner OC (born March 22, 1931) is a Canadian actor. In a career spanning seven decades, he is best known for his portrayal of James T. Kirk in the Star Trek franchise, from his 1966 debut as the captain of the starship Enterprise in the second pilot of the first Star Trek television series to his final appearance as Captain Kirk in the seventh Star Trek feature film, Star Trek Generations (1994).

Shatner began his screen acting career in Canadian films and television productions before moving into guest-starring roles in various U.S. television shows. He appeared as James Kirk in all the episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series, 21 of the 22 episodes of Star Trek: The Animated Series, and the first seven Star Trek movies. He has written a series of books chronicling his experiences before, during and after his time in a Starfleet uniform. He has also co-written several novels set in the Star Trek universe and a series of science fiction novels, the TekWar sequence, that were adapted for television. Outside Star Trek, Shatner played the eponymous veteran police sergeant in T. J. Hooker (1982–1986), hosted the reality-based television series Rescue 911 (1989–1996), guest starred on the detective series Columbo, and acted in the comedy film Miss Congeniality (2000). (Full article...)

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Edward Stephen Waitkus (September 4, 1919 – September 16, 1972) was a Lithuanian American professional baseball player who played as a first baseman. He played a total of 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), before and after serving in World War II (1941 and 1946–1955). He played for the Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies in the National League and for the Baltimore Orioles of the American League. He was elected to the National League All-Star team twice (1948 and 1949). (Full article...)

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Juozas Grušas (November 16, 1901, Žadžiūnai-Kalniškiai, Kovno Governorate – May 21, 1986, Kaunas) was a Lithuanian writer, editor, dramatist and playwright. (Full article...)

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