Homeland Union
Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats Tėvynės sąjunga – Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai | |
---|---|
European People's Party | |
Colours | Turquoise (parliamentary group; since 2020)[9] |
Seimas | 50 / 141 |
European Parliament | 4 / 11 |
Municipal councils | 279 / 1,461 |
Mayors | 5 / 60 |
Website | |
https://tsajunga.lt/ | |
The Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (Lithuanian: Tėvynės sąjunga – Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai, abbr. TS–LKD), also colloquially known as the Conservatives, is a centre-right[6][7][8] political party in Lithuania. It has 18,000 members and 50 of 141 seats in the Seimas. Its current leader is Gabrielius Landsbergis, who replaced Andrius Kubilius in 2015. It is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the International Democracy Union (IDU).
Since 1996, the party has included the western house martin in its various logos over the years.[10][11]
Platform
It is the main centre-right party and has been traditionally allied to other centre-right or liberal parties such as the Liberals' Movement, Freedom Party, Liberal and Centre Union or the National Resurrection Party with which they are usually grouped together[12][13][14] and formed coalitions in the past.
The Homeland Union is
After the election of Gabrielius Landsbergis as leader of the party in 2015 (especially after 2017), the Homeland Union started to describe itself as the country's people's party (Lithuanian: žmonių partija) and moved more to a centrist direction, rebranding itself as a European moderate party, while still maintaining centre-right profile (especially on economics).
History
Establishment, expansion, the first government and splits (1993–2000)
It was founded in May 1993 by the right wing of the
In December 1993, party's youth wing, Young Conservative League, was formed. In February 1994, the Homeland Union formed its own parliamentary group in Seimas.[21] Later that year, the Homeland Union established its branches in all of Lithuania. In the 1995 municipal election, in which the party stood for the first time, it got 28.76% of the vote and returned 428 councillors. In the 1996 national elections, it secured 31.3% of the vote and returned 70 deputies to the Seimas. After these elections, the party formed coalition government with the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party (and received support from the Lithuanian Centre Union).[22]
After
In 1999, conflicts started between the President Valdas Adamkus and the Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius (who also was the party's Board chairman), that involved party's leader Vytautas Landsbergis. Crisis (and resignation of Vagnorius) sped up reorganisation of party structures. Most important of them was the merger of the Political Council and the Board, which produced centralized leadership. In 2000, Gediminas Vagnorius' supporters split and new party called the Union of Moderate Conservatives was formed.[23]
Yet another split was caused by the resignation of Rolandas Paksas (he replaced Gediminas Vagnorius as the Prime Minister and party's Board chairman), although most of the Rolandas Paksas' supporters moved to the Liberal Union of Lithuania in 1999 and 2000.
Back in opposition, consolidation and the second government (2000–2012)
In 2000, the Homeland Union was reduced to 8.6% and 9 deputies.[23] In 2001, idea of merge of all right wing parties was proposed by the Homeland People's Party. This proposal was accepted by the Homeland Union. In 2003 and 2004, it merged with the Right Union of Lithuania (which by itself was founded by former members of the Homeland Union and various minor parties) and the Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees respectively.[24][25] At the same time, the party attracted members from Lithuanian Social Democracy 2000 (e.g. Rimantas Jonas Dagys) and Modern Christian-Democratic Union (e. g. Egidijus Vareikis).
In May 2003, a new leader was elected,
After Lithuania's admission to the
Until the merger with the Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees and the Right Union of Lithuania, it was known just as the Homeland Union (Lithuanian Conservatives). Prior to 2008 it was known as the Homeland Union (Conservatives, Political Prisoners and the Exiled, Christian Democrats) or TS. The last change of the name was a result of the merger with the Lithuanian Nationalist Union on 11 March 2008, and the Lithuanian Christian Democrats on 17 May 2008, after which the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats became Lithuania's largest party with more than 18,000 members. After these two mergers, youth wings of these parties (Young Nationalists Organisation and Young Christian Democrats) became the Homeland Union's youth wings.
During 2006 to 2008, the Homeland Union supported the Statesmen (Lithuanian: "valstybininkai") conspiracy theory, which claims that that a deep state in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Security Department of Lithuania (VSD) seeks to take control of the country.[27] According to Antanas Valionis, the party interpreted state security investigations into previous unexplained incidents, such as the Bražuolė bridge bombing in 1994 and the bombing of the editorial office of Lietuvos rytas in 1995, as a conspiracy against them.[28]
At the
In 2010, party's deputy chairman Vidmantas Žiemelis resigned from the party and joined Christian Party. It (along with the split in the National Resurrection Party parliamentary group) caused Kubilius–led government to become a minority one.
In June 2011, the
Opposition and the third government (from 2012)
Support for the party decreased in the 2012 parliamentary election, and it was excluded from the government.[31] It was credited to many unpopular decisions made during the time of government, and the unpopularity of the Andrius Kubilius.[32] In 2014 European Parliament election, the party managed to defeat by narrow margin their main competitors, the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. After 2015 municipal election, Andrius Kubilius resigned from party's leader position.
Between 2014 and 2016 the party was competing on the centre-right political wing with the Liberal Movement, but due to the so-called MG Baltic corruption scandal in May 2016, the Liberal Movement lost about half of its support.
After these elections, various pundits claimed that the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union could form coalition with the Homeland Union,
After Landsbergis
In 2018, Mantas Adomėnas's membership in the party was suspended due to relations of MG Baltic and Adomėnas himself. Later, Adomėnas left Homeland Union's parliamentary group and the party itself.[40][41] By autumn of 2018, the party held presidential primaries (the first party in Lithuania to do so), which were won by Ingrida Šimonytė. Šimonytė's performance in 2019 presidential election raised possibility about her nomination to the first place on party's list and as the future Prime Minister.[42]
In 2020, members of the Homeland Union, Rimantas Dagys and Egidijus Vareikis formed new party, the Christian Union.
In 2020 parliamentary election the party won the most seats (50) and agreed to form coalition with the Liberal Movement and the Freedom Party. In November 2020, Ingrida Šimonytė became the new Prime Minister of a Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats-led coalition.[43]
Popular support
During 1990s the party was strong in urban areas with
After 2008 merger with Lithuanian Christian Democrats, Homeland Union gained support from
Organisation
Factions
First faction to be established within the party was Christian Democrats' faction in 2003. Since then (mainly due to mergers with other parties) new factions were established.
The party currently is split into factions, which are based by former parties:
- Lithuanian Christian Democrats (Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats' by-law recognises this faction as a separate entity within the party). Notable members: Irena Degutienė, Paulius Saudargas.
- Political Prisoners and Deportees. Notable members: Gabrielius Landsbergis, Radvilė Morkūnaitė-Mikulėnienė.
- Nationalists
Electoral results
Seimas
Election | Votes[a] | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 409,585 | 31.3 (#1) | 70 / 141
|
70 | Coalition |
2000 | 126,850 | 8.6 (#5) | 9 / 141
|
61 | Opposition |
2004 | 176,409 | 14.8 (#2) | 25 / 141
|
16 | Opposition |
2008 | 243,823 | 19.7 (#1) | 45 / 141
|
20 | Coalition |
2012 | 206,590 | 15.0 (#2) | 33 / 141
|
12 | Opposition |
2016 | 276,275 | 22.6 (#2) | 31 / 141
|
2 | Opposition |
2020 | 292,124 | 25.8 (#1) | 50 / 141
|
19 | Coalition |
- ^ Proportional representation votes.
European Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 151,400 | 12.6 (#3) | 2 / 13
|
|
2009 | 147,756 | 26.2 (#1) | 4 / 12
|
2 |
2014 | 199,393 | 17.4 (#1) | 2 / 11
|
2 |
2019 | 248,736 | 19.7 (#1) | 3 / 11
|
1 |
Members of the parliament
References
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A.Valionis savo veikale samprotauja, esą „konservatorių kampaniją prieš vadinamuosius valstybininkus" galėjo paskatinti 2000–2006 metais vykusios verslo grupių kovos, ypač energetikos sektoriuje, taip pat VSD siekis ištirti tilto per Bražuolę susprogdinimo aplinkybes ir su tuo esą susijusią VSD karininko Juro Abromavičiaus žūtį. „Į vieną grandinę ėmė sietis J. Abromavičiaus nužudymas bei tilto per Bražuolės upę ir „Lietuvos ryto" redakcijos sprogdinimai. Konservatoriai, matyt, čia įžvelgė didžiulį pavojų savo partijai ir perėjo į puolimą", – rašo knygos autorius.
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