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Natisone Valley dialect
nedìško narèčje
Pronunciation	nɛˈdiːʃkɔ naˈɾɛt͡ʃjɛ
Native to	Venetian Slovenia)
Ethnicity	Slovenes
Language family	Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic South Slavic Western South Slavic Slovenian Littoral dialect group Natisone Valley dialect
Early forms	Northwestern Slovene dialect Western Slovene dialect Veneitian-Karst dialect plane
Dialects	Western microdialects Eastern microdialects
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
IETF	sl-nedis
Natisone Valley dialect

The Natisone Valley dialect (Natisone Valley: nedìško narèčje;

Natisone Valley dialect is pretty uniform. The easternmost microdialects are the most different, having sounds /ə/ and /ʎ/, which are unknown to other microdialects and /m/ is sometimes used instead of /n/ at the end of a word. The biggest differences between microdialects are reflexes for Alpine Slovene *t’, which has almost merged with *č in the west, merging into /t͡ʃ/, with the first one usually being more palatalized. In the east, however, *t’ is still distinct and even pronounced as /t͡s/ at the end of a word.^[11]

Accent

The Natisone Valley dialect has

The three diacritics are:[3]^[13]

• The grave ( ` ) indicates long vowel: à è ì ò ù (IPA /aː ɛː iː ɔː uː/).
• The acute ( ´ ) indicates short vowel: á é í ó ú (IPA /a ɛ i ɔ u/).
• The
  dot above
  ( ˙ ) indicates extra-short vowel: ȧ ė ȯ u̇ (IPA /ă ɛ̆ ɔ̆ ŭ/).

Additionally, there is also the caron ( ˇ ), which indicates a vowel can be either long or short.

Phonology

Phonology of Natisone Valley dialect is similar to that of Standard Slovene. Two major exceptions are presence of diphthongs and existence of palatal sounds. The dialect is not uniform, though, and differences exist between eastern and western microdialects.^[11]

Consonants

Natisone Valley dialect has 24 (in the east 25) distinct phonemes, in comparison to Standard Slovene 22. This is mostly due to the fact that it still has palatal /ɲ/, /ʎ/ and /tɕ/, which depalatalized in Standard Slovene, merging with already hard consonants.^[14]

• Palatal /ʎ/ exists only in eastern microdialects, in western microdialects, it merged with /j/.
• Consonants /dʒ/ and /g/ are rare and only found in loanwords.
• Similarly to /l/ in Standard Slovene, both /v/ and /l/ can morphologically conditioned turn into [u̯], e. g. tràva 'grass' → tràunik 'grassland'.
• Consonant /tɕ/ has an allophone [ts] at the end of a word and [tsj] between vowels in the east. In the west, difference between /tɕ/ and /tʃ/ is barely noticeable.

Vowels

Phonology of Natisone Valley dialect is similar to that of Standard Slovene, but it has a seven vowel^[15] (eastern microdialects eight vowel^[16]) system, two of those are diphthongs.

Morphology

Natisone Valley dialect still has neuter gender in singular, but it feminized in plural. It still has masculine and neuter o-stem declension, as well as feminine a-stem and i-stem declension. There is also masculine j-stem, as well as remains of feminine v-stem and neuter s-, t- and n-stem. These are mostly one word examples. It, however, has more archaic and pretty different declension patterns from Standard Slovene:^[17]

Infinitive lost the final -i, but has the same accent as long infinitive.

Vocabulary

There are many loanwords borrowed from

Orthography

Orthography is mainly based on western microdialects. It has 26 letters, 25 of them are the same as in Slovene alphabet and added is ⟨ǧ⟩ for sound /dʒ/, which is in Standard Slovene written with ⟨dž⟩.

The standard Slovene orthography, used in almost all situations, uses only the letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet plus ⟨č⟩, ⟨š⟩, ⟨ž⟩, and ⟨ǧ⟩^[19]:

The orthography thus underdifferentiates several phonemic distinctions:

• Stress, vowel length and tone are not distinguished, except with optional diacritics when it is necessary to distinguish between similar words with a different meaning.
• Consonant /g/ is not differentiated from its
  spirantized
  version, /ɣ/ and are both written as ⟨g⟩.
• Consonants /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡ɕ/ also are not differentiated, both being written as ⟨č⟩.
• Letter ⟨u⟩ is used to write syllabic /u/, as well as non-syllabic "false u" /u̯/.

Regulation

Natisone Valley dialect is unregulated, thus a fair degree of variation, both in pronunciation and in writing is common. Eastern microdialects are completely unstandardised, as most other Slovene dialects. In contrast, western microdialects have its own dictionary and grammar, written by Nino Špehonja in 2012.^[3][20] The dictionary still allows many variations in writing, and consequently pronunciation. Main reason for different spellings is akanye, which is more common in some microdialects and less in other, e. g. the word for 'bonfire' can either be written as kries or krias.

References