Harare
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (April 2023) |
Harare | |
---|---|
Capital city and province | |
UTC+2 (CAT) | |
Area code | 242 |
HDI (2018) | 0.645[4] Medium |
Dialling code 242 (or 0242 from within Zimbabwe) |
Harare (
The city was founded in 1890 by the Pioneer Column, a small military force of the British South Africa Company, and named Fort Salisbury after the British Prime Minister Lord Salisbury. Company administrators demarcated the city and ran it until Southern Rhodesia achieved responsible government in 1923. Salisbury was thereafter the seat of the Southern Rhodesian (later Rhodesian) government and, between 1953 and 1963, the capital of the Central African Federation. It retained the name Salisbury until 1982 when it was renamed Harare on the second anniversary of Zimbabwe's independence from the United Kingdom. The parliamentary wing was removed from Harare upon completion of the New Parliament of Zimbabwe in April 2022, meaning that Zimbabwe has two capital cities at the moment, Mount Hampden and Harare.[9]
Long the commercial capital of Zimbabwe, Harare has seen recent economic turbulence. It remains an important centre of commerce, government, finance, real estate, manufacturing, healthcare, design, education, art, culture, tourism, agriculture, mining and regional affairs.[10] Harare has the second-highest number of embassies in Southern Africa and serves as the location of the African headquarters of the World Health Organization, which it shares with Brazzaville.[11]
Harare has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the
History
The
The area at the time of the city's founding was poorly drained, and the earliest development was on sloping ground along the left bank of a stream that is now the course of a trunk road (Julius Nyerere Way). The first area to be fully drained was near the head of the stream and was named Causeway as a result. This area is now the site of many of the most important government buildings, including the Senate House and the Office of the Prime Minister, now renamed for the use of the President after the position was abolished in January 1988.[17]
Salisbury was the capital of the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia from 1923 and of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front government declared Rhodesia independent from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965, and proclaimed the Republic of Rhodesia in 1970. Subsequently, this became the short-lived state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia; it was not until 18 April 1980 that the country was internationally recognised as independent as the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Post-war period
In the immediate aftermath of the
The optimism and prosperity of this period proved to be short-lived, as the Federation collapsed, which hindered the city's prosperity.[18]
Post-independence years
The city initially boomed under a wave of optimism and investment that followed the country's independence in 1980. The name of the city was changed to Harare on 18 April 1982, the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence, taking its name from the village near Harare Kopje of the Shona chief Neharawa, whose nickname was "he who does not sleep".[19] Before independence, "Harare" was the name of the black residential area now known as Mbare.
Significant investment in education and healthcare produced a confident and growing middle class, evidenced by the rise of firms such as Econet Global and innovative design and architecture, exemplified by the Eastgate Centre. A notable symbol of this era in Harare's history is the New Reserve Bank Tower, one of the city's major landmarks.
However, by 1992, Harare began to experience an economic downturn and the government responded by enacting neoliberal reforms, which led to a boom in
Economic difficulties and hyperinflation (1999–2008)
In the early 21st century, Harare has been adversely affected by the political and economic crisis plaguing Zimbabwe, after the contested 2002 presidential election and 2005 parliamentary elections. The elected council was replaced by a government-appointed commission for alleged inefficiency. Still, essential services such as rubbish collection and street repairs rapidly worsened, and are now virtually non-existent in poorer parts of the city. In May 2006, Zimbabwean newspaper
Operation Murambatsvina
In May 2005, the Zimbabwean government demolished shanties, illegal vending sites, and backyard cottages in Harare, Epworth and the other cities in the country in
Economic uncertainty
In late March 2010, Harare's Joina City Tower was finally opened after fourteen years of delayed construction, marketed as Harare's new Pride.[24] Initially, uptake of space in the tower was low, with office occupancy at only 3% in October 2011.[25] By May 2013, office occupancy had risen to around half, with all the retail space occupied.[26]
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Harare as the world's least liveable city out of 140 surveyed in February 2011,[27] rising to 137th out of 140 in August 2012.[28]
In March 2015, Harare City Council planned a two-year project to install 4,000 solar street lights, at a cost of $15,000,000 starting in the central business district.[29]
In November 2017, the biggest demonstration in the history of the Republic of Zimbabwe was held in Harare, which led to the forced resignation of the long-serving 93-year-old President of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, an event which was part of the first successful coup in Zimbabwe.[30][31]
Contemporary Harare
Since 2000, Harare has experienced periods of spectacular decline, particularly in the 2000s, but since the
From 2006, the city's growth extended into its northern and western fringes, beyond the city's urban growth boundary. Predictions that by 2025 the metropolitan area population will reach 4 to 5 million have sparked concerns over unchecked sprawl and unregulated development.[35] In addition, the concentration of real estate development in Harare has come at the expense of other cities such as Gweru and Bulawayo, particularly the latter, which is increasingly characterized by stagnation and high unemployment due to the collapse of many of its heavy industries. Today, Harare's property market remains highly priced, more so than regional cities such as Johannesburg and Cape Town, with the top end of the market completely dominated by wealthy or dual-citizen Zimbabweans (see Zimbabwean diaspora and Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom), Chinese and South African buyers.[32][35] Such gentrification and speculation are especially jarring given the country's high unemployment. Additionally, in 2020, Harare was classified as a Gamma city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[36]
Demographics
The population of Harare is 2,123,132 people. Over 90% of people in Harare are Shona-speaking people of African descent. Harare is also home to many Ndebele and Kalanga people as well. Roughly 25,000 white Zimbabweans also live in the Harare metro area.[37]
Geography
Topography
The city sits on one of the higher parts of the Highveld plateau of Zimbabwe, at an elevation of 1,483 metres (4,865 feet). The original landscape could be described as a "parkland."[38] The soils of Harare are reddish brown granular clay in the northern and central areas, while some of the southern parts has greyish brown sand over pale loamy sand or sandy loam.[39]
Suburbs
The City of Harare is divided into suburbs, outside which are independent municipalities such as Epworth, Mount Hampden, Norton, Ruwa, and Chitungwiza within the greater metropolitan province.[40]
The northern and north-eastern suburbs of Harare are home to the more affluent population of the city, including former president Robert Mugabe, who lived in Borrowdale Brooke.[41] These northern suburbs are often referred to as "dales" because of the common suffix- "dale" found in some suburbs such as Avondale, Greendale, and Borrowdale. The dwellings are mostly low-density homes of 3 bedrooms or more, and these are usually occupied by families.[citation needed]
Harare is often referred to as Zimbabwe's garden or "sunshine city" for its abundant parks and outdoor amenities.[40] There is an abundance of parks and gardens across town, many close to the CBD, with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways, and tree-lined avenues.[40] Harare's parks are often considered the best public parks in all of Zimbabwe's major cities. There are also many parks in the surrounding suburbs, particularly in the affluent northern suburbs of Borrowdale, Mount Pleasant, and Glen Lorne, located northeast of the central business district.
The Central Business District, Causeway, Rotten Row & The Avenues
The central business district is characterized by wide streets and a mix of historic, post-war, and modern buildings. There are some colonial-era buildings like the
The adjacent
The Inner-East
Eastlea, Highlands, Greendale, Milton Park
These are generally densely populated, well-kept compact suburbs. Historically home to newly arrived immigrants and
The Northeast
Chisipite, Colne Valley, Borrowdale, Borrowdale Brooke, Glen Lorne, Gunhill, The Grange, Pomona, Umwimsidale, Hogarty Hill.
The city's most affluent and developed part, especially Borrowdale and Glen Lorne. Sprawling lawns, tennis courts, and large mansions dot many a suburb. It is also the greenest part of Harare, with hills overlooking green
The North
, Bluff Hill, Greystone Park.Well-to-do suburbs and also all upper-middle class, with pretty tree-lined avenues and coffee shops tucked near gardens. These are among the more well-off areas of Harare, but not as wealthy as the North-East. Avondale Shopping Centre is the area's commercial heart, noted for its theatres, flea market, and independent stores.
The Northwest
The city's North West is largely a leafy and residential
Nearby
The East
Arcadia, Braeside, Hillside, Belvedere, Hatfield, St. Martins, Newlands, Arlington.
Notable suburbs include Arcadia, Hillside, and Braeside, renowned for their historic Goffal (Coloured Zimbabwean) communities, and Belvedere and Hatfield, noted for their Asian residents of Indian descent.
The Industrial South-Central
Workington, Southerton, Willowvale, Graniteside, Tynwald.
Harare's big factories are here, producing clothing, soft drinks, bricks, and vehicles. Once home to
The High Density Southwest
Dzivarasekwa, Warren Park, Kuwadzana, Mufakose, Budiriro, Highfield, Glen View, Waterfalls.
These areas are a mixture of medium- and high-density areas; there are also very few low-density areas, such as Glenview and waterfalls. Not much tourism occurs in these areas. Houses are generally smaller and more tightly packed together. The city government initially set up Some of these townships from the 1930s onward. Highfield, the second-oldest high-density suburb in Harare, was established in 1930.[48] It was established for black settlement during the United Federal Party government of Godfrey Huggins.[50] Highfield was primarily set up by the colonial government to provide labour for the Southerton and Workington industrial areas.
Residents are mainly poor and working-class, although there are more lower-middle class members who have bigger properties; the townships are varied and each has its own personality; they were home to famous musicians such as Oliver Mtukudzi and Thomas Mapfumo. They are also home to a number of small industries; however, the region also has the highest unemployment and poverty rates in the city. The poor state of the area has been exacerbated by neglect from the city government, leading to a lack of adequate electric, water, and sanitary services in the area. These poor conditions have led many former residents to choose to move south to Johannesburg and other cities in South Africa, but they are quickly replaced by the internal migration of rural Zimbabweans seeking opportunity in the city.[48]
Climate
Under the
The average annual temperature is 17.95 °C (64.3 °F), rather low for the tropics. This is due to its high altitude position and the prevalence of cool south-easterly airflow.[52]
There are three main seasons: a warm, wet summer from November to March/April; a cool, dry winter from May to August (corresponding to winter in the Southern Hemisphere); and a warm to hot, dry season in September/October. Daily temperature ranges are about 7–22 °C (45–72 °F) in July (the coldest month), about 15–29 °C (59–84 °F) in October (the hottest month) and about 16–26 °C (61–79 °F) in January (midsummer). The hottest year on record was 1914 with 19.73 °C (67.5 °F) and the coldest year was 1965 with 17.13 °C (62.8 °F).
The average annual rainfall is about 825 mm (32.5 in) in the southwest, rising to 855 mm (33.7 in) on the higher land of the northeast (from around Borrowdale to Glen Lorne). Very little rain typically falls during the period of May to September, although sporadic showers occur most years. Rainfall varies a great deal from year to year and follows cycles of wet and dry periods from 7 to 10 years long. Records begin in October 1890 but all three Harare stations stopped reporting in early 2004.[53]
The climate supports the natural vegetation of open woodland. The most common tree of the local region is the Msasa
Climate data for Harare (1961–1990, extremes 1897–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 190.8 (7.51) |
176.3 (6.94) |
99.1 (3.90) |
37.2 (1.46) |
7.4 (0.29) |
1.8 (0.07) |
2.3 (0.09) |
2.9 (0.11) |
6.5 (0.26) |
40.4 (1.59) |
93.2 (3.67) |
182.7 (7.19) |
840.6 (33.09) |
Average precipitation days | 17 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 82 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
76 | 77 | 72 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 48 | 63 | 73 | 62 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217.0 | 190.4 | 232.5 | 249.0 | 269.7 | 264.0 | 279.0 | 300.7 | 294.0 | 285.2 | 231.0 | 198.4 | 3,010.9 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 8.2 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[55] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990),[56] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1954–1975),[57] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[58] |
International venue
Harare has been the location of several international summits such as the 8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (6 September 1986) and
In 1995, Harare hosted most of the sixth
The city is also the site of one of the Harare International Festival of the Arts (HIFA), which has featured such acclaimed artists as Cape Verdean singer Sara Tavares.[62]
Economy
Harare is Zimbabwe's leading financial, commercial, and communications centre, as well as an international trade centre for
Another challenge to Harare's economy is the persistent emigration of highly educated and skilled residents to the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand, largely due to the economic downturn and political unrest.
Shopping and retail
Locally produced art, handicrafts and souvenirs can be purchased at Doon Estate, Uwminsdale, Avondale Market and Mbare Musika. Msasa Park and Umwinsdale in particular, host a number of galleries that produce, high-quality Shona soapstone sculptures and textiles such as Patrick Mavros studios, which has another gallery in Knightsbridge, London.[70] International brands are generally less common in Harare than in European cities, however conventional and luxury shopping can be found on Fife Avenue, Sam Nujoma (Union) Avenue, Arundel Village, Avondale, Borrowdale, Eastgate and Westgate.[71] Virtually all luxury shopping is concentrated in the wealthier Northern suburbs, particularly Borrowdale with stores that command higher prices than most visitors would expect. The Borrowdale and Borrowdale Brooke neighbourhoods are regarded among the most sophisticated places in town, with upscale shopping, restaurants and amenities.[72][73]
Harare also has a good choice of supermarkets including Le Bon Marche, Pick n Pay, TM and Spar. Greater variety and independent stores tend to be concentrated in the North, Northeast and Northwest suburbs along with, surprisingly, Newlands and Greendale Avenue in Greendale.[72]
Transportation
Harare is a relatively young city, which sprawled during the country's post-
The city's public transport system includes public and private sector operations. The former consists of
As of May 2023, Harare is not served by any
Long-distance bus services link Harare to most parts of Zimbabwe.
The city is crossed by Transafrican Highway 9 (TAH 9), which connects it to the cities of Lusaka and Beira.
The largest airport in the country, the Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport, serves Harare.
Education
The University of Zimbabwe is located in Harare. Founded in 1952, the university is the country's oldest and largest, offering a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The student population stands at 20,399, with 17,718 undergraduate students and 2,681 postgraduate students.[80]
Sports
Harare has long been regarded as Zimbabwe's sporting capital due to its role in developing Zimbabwean sport, the range and quality of its sporting events and venues, and its high rates of spectatorship and participation.
Harare is also home to
Popular teams
The following table shows the sports teams in the Harare area, sorted primarily by attendance in the most recent season for which data is available.
Club | Sport | League | Founded | Venue | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamos F.C. | Association football | ZPSL | 1963[a] | Rufaro Stadium (Mbare, Harare) |
40,00 |
CAPS United F.C. | Association football | ZPSL | 1973[a] | National Sports Stadium (Harare) |
60,000 |
Old Georgians | Rugby Union |
SSRL | 1926[a] | Harare Sports Club | 10,000 |
Old Hararians | Rugby Union |
SSRL | 1898[a] | Harare Sports Club | 10,000 |
Black Rhinos F.C. | Association football | ZPSL | 1983 | Figaro Stadium | 17,544 |
Mashonaland Eagles | Cricket | Logan Cup | 2009[a] | Harare Sports club | 10,000 |
Old Miltonians | Rugby Union |
SSRL | 1910[a] | Harare Sports Club | 10,000 |
Football and cricket
The main football stadiums are National Sports Stadium and Rufaro Stadium.
Virtually all first-class and international cricket matches are hosted at Harare Sports Club, with most domestic tours occurring in spring and summer. This city is also home to the Mashonaland Eagles in the domestic Logan Cup tournament. The Eagles are coached by renowned former Zimbabwe national cricket team batsman Grant Flower.[84] The team are one of the country's strongest sides and last won the Logan Cup in the 2015–16 Logan Cup season.[83]
Rugby
The city is also the heartland of
High school teams are generally of a high standard with Prince Edward School, St. George's College, St. John's College all ranking among the country's leading teams and sending their first XV sides to compete against well-known South African high schools during Craven Week.[87] Unfortunately after high school, the city's best players tend to move on to South Africa or the United Kingdom, due to a lack of professionalism and greater educational and earning opportunities abroad, thus depleting the strength of the rugby union in Zimbabwe.[89] Notable internationals hailing from Harare include Tendai Mtawarira, Don Armand and Brian Mujati amongst numerous others.[90]
Media
Harare is host to some of Zimbabwe's leading media outlets. Despite accusations of government censorship and intimidation, the city maintains a robust press, much of which is defiantly critical of the current government.[91] In print media, the most famous paper internationally, is the Herald, the city's oldest newspaper, founded in 1893 and former paper of record prior to its purchase by the government. The paper is best noted for its heavy censorship during the Rhodesian Front government from 1962 to 1979, with many of its articles appearing as redacted- with black boxes marking the words removed by government censors- before its forced purchase.[92] Today it is largely seen as little more than a government mouthpiece by residents and overwhelmingly supports the government line.[93]
In contrast, private newspapers continue to adopt a more independent line and enjoy a more diverse and vibrant readership, unmatched by most other African cities. These include the
Online media outlets include ZimOnline, ZimDaily, the Zimbabwe Guardian and NewZimbabwe.com amongst others.[94][95][92]
Television and radio
The state-owned ZBC TV maintains a monopoly on free-to-air TV channels in the city, with private broadcasters, such as the defunct Joy TV, coming and going based on the whims of the government.[96] As a response, the majority of the households that can afford to, subscribe to the satellite television distributor, DStv for entertainment, news and sport from Africa and abroad.
In November 2021, it was announced that six new free-to-air private television stations will go live on Zimbabwe joining ZBC TV after the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe (BAZ) issued licences, ending the 64-year monopoly enjoyed by the State-owned broadcaster. Zimpapers Television Network (ZTN), a subsidiary of diversified media group Zimbabwe Newspapers (1980) Ltd, was one of the channels awarded a free-to-air television licence. The other five are Rusununguko Media (Pvt) Ltd, trading as NRTV, 3K TV, Kumba TV, Ke Yona TV and Channel Dzimbahwe.[97][98]
Harare is also well served by radio, with a number of the country's leading radio stations, maintaining a presence in the city. There are currently four state-controlled Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corp. channels (SFM, Radio Zimbabwe, Power FM and National FM); and private national commercial free-to-air stations, Star FM, Capital 100.4 FM and ZiFM. In addition, Channel Zim, an alternative satellite channel, and VOA Zimbabwe also broadcast via inexpensive free-to-air decoders.[99] Eight newly licensed local commercial stations have been commissioned, but were not yet on air as of 2020.[99]
Commercial stations tend to show similar trends in programming, with high percentages of music, talk radio or phone-in programs and sports over infrequent news bulletins. Also despite the country's 16 official languages, virtually all broadcasts occur in English, Shona and Ndebele.[99]
Notable institutions
- 44 Harvest House
- Eastgate Centre
- Econet Wireless
- Gwanzura
- Joina City
- Mbare Musika
- Parirenyatwa Hospital
- Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
- Sam Nujoma Street
- Zimbabwe Stock Exchange
Culture
The arts are thriving in Harare, despite an economic and political crisis, whose effects have offered opportunities for satire, experimentation and reinvention. While authors and musicians such as
Notable institutions in the city include:
- National Gallery of Zimbabwe – home to displays of Shona art and stone sculpture
- Heroes Acre – Heroes Acre is a burial ground and national monument whose purpose is to commemorate pro-independence fighters killed during the Rhodesian Bush War and also contemporary Zimbabweans whose service to their country justifies their burial at the site.
- Zimbabwe Museum of Human Sciences – near Rotten Row, documents the archaeology of Southern Africa through the Stone Age into the Iron Age.
- Msasa Park, which displays the work of Zimbabwean stone sculptors. It was founded in 1970 by Roy Guthrie, who was instrumental in promoting the work of its sculptors worldwide.
- National Archives – The second floor Gallery has a small but comprehensive display of some of the artefacts relating to Zimbabwe which are insightful for understanding its history. These include newspapers, photographs other artefacts which detail milestones in Zimbabwean history, while the display on the mezzanine floor concentrates on the first Chimurenga or Ndebele-Shona revolts of 1896–97 which puts into perspective the historical struggle for independence.[102]
- The Eastgate Centre- a pioneering and innovatively-designed shopping mall equidistant from Unity Square and Borrowdale.
- Mbare Musika market – the city's largest and most colourful market has a heady mix of fresh produce, local art and assorted goods. It's the curios that attract tourists here; there is a big collection of neo-traditional sculptures, wooden crafts and basketry. It is located in a poorer section of the city and pickpockets are rife, so it is best visited with a tour group.[103]
- The Book Cafe – a bohemian hub of literary, social and musical discussion where writers, poets, singers and other artists perform – without censorship.
- Reps Theatre in Belgravia, hosts a diverse range of performances ranging from classical music to improvisational and experimental theatre.[102]
Green Spaces
Within the city, these include:
- .
- Royal Harare Golf Course – an 18-hole championship course which also hosts the Zimbabwe Open each year, part of the Sunshine Tour; the fairways are set in msasa woodland with occasional antelope feeding on the grass.
- Cleveland Dam Recreational Park – on the Mutare highway (A3) magnificent msasa woodland bordering the edges of the dam and pretty views onto the Dam. We spotted cormorants, herons, a water monitor, or leguaan and vervet monkeys. Best avoided at weekends.
- Mukuvisi Woodlands – in Hillside, comprises 263 hectares of indigenous Msasa and Miombo woodland is very conveniently located for an initial introduction to Zimbabwe's game life. It hosts zebra, giraffe, eland, wildebeest, ostrich and impala, including some of their young born within woodlands, as well as a wide variety of birdlife and indigenous flora.[103]
Other sites outside the City of Harare, but nearby include:
- Lake Chivero dam and Recreational Park
- Epworth Balancing Rocks – just south out of the city limits, is home to large extraordinary rock formations and ancient rock art friezes
- Ewanrigg Botanical Gardens-
- Domboshava National Monument
- Lion and Cheetah Park – although there are few cheetahs presently, if you have only a few days in Harare, or have never seen a live lion, then the Park is worth a visit as it is close to town on the Bulawayo Road (A5).
- Vaughn Animal Sanctuary- along Shamva and Enterprise Roads and home lions, vervet monkeys and hyenas.
Places of worship
Among the
International relations
Harare has co-operation agreements and partnerships with the following towns:[105]
- Cincinnati, United States[106]
- Guangzhou, China[107]
- Kazan, Russia
- Lago, Italy
- Maputo, Mozambique[108]
- Munich, Germany
- Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Prato, Italy
- Windhoek, Namibia
Gallery
-
Sam Nujoma Street, view south
-
Downtown Harare, Reserve Bank ahead
-
First Street
-
Along parliament buildings
-
Eastgate centre
-
Relief at National Heroes Acre
-
National Heroes Acre
See also
- Districts of Zimbabwe
- Place names in Zimbabwe
- Provinces of Zimbabwe
References
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- ^ "Names (Alteration) Act Chapter 10:14" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013.
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- ^ Harare Provincial Profile (PDF) (Report). Parliament Research Department. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Who we are". www.who.int. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
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- ISBN 0-86918-013-4.
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- ^ Britannica, Harare, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019
- ^ Journal of Frederick Courtney Selous, Rhodesiana Reprint Library, Salisbury, 1969
- ^ ISSN 1474-6743.
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Bibliography
External links
- Media related to Harare at Wikimedia Commons