Geography of Lithuania
Lake Drūkšiai 44.79 km2 (17.29 sq mi) | |
Exclusive economic zone | 7,031 km2 (2,715 sq mi) |
---|
The
Situated between 56.27 and 53.53 latitudes and 20.56 and 26.50 longitudes, Lithuania is glacially flat, except for morainic hills in the western uplands and eastern highlands no higher than 300 metres. The terrain is marked by numerous small lakes and swamps, and a mixed forest zone covers over 33% of the country. The growing season lasts 169 days in the east and 202 days in the west, with most farmland consisting of sandy- or clay-loam soils. Limestone, clay, sand, and gravel are Lithuania's primary natural resources, but the coastal shelf offers perhaps 1,600,000 m3 (10 Mbbl) of oil deposits, and the southeast could provide high yields of iron ore and granite.
Geographical position
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Lithuania_Transportation.jpg/300px-Lithuania_Transportation.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LithuaniaPhysicalMap-Detailed.png/300px-LithuaniaPhysicalMap-Detailed.png)
Lithuania is situated on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.[2] Lithuania's boundaries have changed several times since 1918, but they have been stable since 1945.[2] Currently, Lithuania covers an area of about 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi).[2] About the size of West Virginia, it is larger than Belgium, Denmark, Latvia, the Netherlands, or Switzerland.[2] Lithuania borders Latvia on the north, Belarus on the east and south, and Poland and the Kaliningrad region of Russia on the southwest. The Eastern border together with Latvia in the South of its East comes along with the Kraków-Wilno-Veliky Novgorod route with it within the territory. It is a country of gently rolling hills, many forests, rivers and streams, and lakes. Its principal natural resource is agricultural land.[citation needed]
Lithuania's northern neighbor is Latvia.[2] The two countries share a border that extends 453 kilometres. Lithuania's eastern border with Belarus is longer, stretching 502 kilometers.[2] The border with Poland on the south is relatively short, only 91 kilometers, but it is very busy because of international traffic.[2] Lithuania also has a 227-kilometer border with Russia. Russian territory adjacent to Lithuania is Kaliningrad Oblast, which is the northern part of the former German East Prussia, including the city of Kaliningrad.[2] Finally, Lithuania has 108 kilometers of Baltic seashore with an ice-free harbor at Klaipėda.[2] The Baltic coast offers sandy beaches and pine forests and attracts thousands of vacationers.[2]
According to some geographers, the geographical midpoint of Europe is just north of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius.[3]
Topography and drainage
Lithuania lies at the edge of the
Once a heavily forested land, Lithuania's territory today consists of only 32.8 percent[4] woodlands—primarily pine, spruce, and birch forests.[2] Ash and oak are very scarce.[2] The forests are rich in mushrooms and berries,[2] as well as a variety of plants.
Climate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_LTU_1991%E2%80%932020.svg/300px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_LTU_1991%E2%80%932020.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Serksnas_laukuose.jpg/300px-Serksnas_laukuose.jpg)
Lithuania has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).[5] Average temperatures on the coast are 1.6 °C (34.9 °F) in January and 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) in July.[2] In Vilnius the average temperatures are 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) in January and 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) in July.[2] Simply speaking, 20 °C (68 °F) is frequent on summer days and 14 °C (57.2 °F) at night.[citation needed] Temperatures occasionally reach 30 or 35 °C (86 or 95 °F) in summer.[citation needed] Winters when easterly flows from Siberia predominate, like 1941–42, 1955–56 and 1984–85,[6] are very cold, whereas winters dominated by westerly maritime airflows like 1924–25, 1960–61 and 1988–89 are mild with temperatures above freezing a normal occurrence.[citation needed] −20 °C or −4 °F occurs almost every winter.[citation needed] Winter extremes are −34 °C (−29 °F) at the coast and −43 °C (−45 °F) in the east of Lithuania.[citation needed] The average annual precipitation is 717 millimetres (28.2 in) on the coast,[2] 900 mm (35.4 in) in Samogitia highlands,[citation needed] and 490 mm (19.3 in) in the eastern part of the country.[2] Snow occurs every year, it can be snowing from October to April.[citation needed] In some years sleet can fall in September or May.[citation needed] The growing season lasts 202 days in the western part of the country and 169 days in the eastern part.[2] Severe storms are rare in the eastern part of Lithuania and common nearer the coast.[citation needed]
The longest measured temperature records from the Baltic area cover about 250 years. The data show that there were warm periods during the latter half of the eighteenth century and that the nineteenth century was a relatively cool period. An early twentieth century warming culminated in the 1930s, followed by a smaller cooling that lasted until the 1960s. A warming trend has persisted since then.[7]
Lithuania experienced a drought in 2002, causing forest and peat bog fires.[8] The country suffered along with the rest of Northwestern Europe during a heatwave in the summer of 2006.
Examples
General averages
Climate data for Lithuania (general) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.7 (96.3) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.1 (98.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
2.7 (36.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −40.6 (−41.1) |
−42.9 (−45.2) |
−37.5 (−35.5) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−34.0 (−29.2) |
−42.9 (−45.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.2 (1.43) |
30.1 (1.19) |
33.9 (1.33) |
42.9 (1.69) |
52.0 (2.05) |
69.0 (2.72) |
76.9 (3.03) |
77.0 (3.03) |
60.3 (2.37) |
49.9 (1.96) |
50.4 (1.98) |
47.0 (1.85) |
625.5 (24.63) |
Source 1: Records of Lithuanian climate[9][10] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weatherbase[11] |
Cities
Climate data for Vilnius (1991–2020 normals, sun 1961–1990, extremes 1777-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
34.9 (94.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.3 (86.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.9 (33.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −37.2 (−35.0) |
−35.8 (−32.4) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.9 (1.53) |
34.4 (1.35) |
37.0 (1.46) |
46.2 (1.82) |
52.1 (2.05) |
72.7 (2.86) |
79.3 (3.12) |
75.8 (2.98) |
65.2 (2.57) |
51.5 (2.03) |
51.5 (2.03) |
49.2 (1.94) |
653.8 (25.74) |
Average precipitation days | 21.7 | 18.4 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 13.5 | 16.7 | 21.2 | 174.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 37 | 70 | 117 | 165 | 242 | 231 | 220 | 217 | 141 | 93 | 33 | 25 | 1,591 |
Average ultraviolet index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Source: WMO (avg high and low)[12] NOAA (sun, extremes, and mean temperatures),[13] Météo Climat[14] and Weather Atlas[15] |
Climate data for Kaunas (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1901-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.5 (86.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
0.2 (32.4) |
4.8 (40.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −35.8 (−32.4) |
−36.3 (−33.3) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−36.3 (−33.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.0 (2.09) |
41.4 (1.63) |
44.0 (1.73) |
42.0 (1.65) |
57.5 (2.26) |
71.8 (2.83) |
95.8 (3.77) |
84.2 (3.31) |
56.1 (2.21) |
69.2 (2.72) |
50.2 (1.98) |
48.2 (1.90) |
710.2 (27.96) |
Average precipitation days | 12.29 | 10.77 | 10.40 | 8.50 | 9.25 | 10.76 | 10.72 | 10.51 | 8.46 | 10.76 | 10.65 | 11.21 | 124.53 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 40.3 | 67.8 | 127.1 | 174.0 | 251.1 | 264.0 | 257.3 | 238.7 | 159.0 | 99.2 | 42.0 | 27.9 | 1,748.4 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[16] NOAA (extremes)[17] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun only)[18] Météo Climat (normal temps & precipitation)[19] |
Climate data for Klaipėda (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1929-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
28.9 (84.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
36.6 (97.9) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.2 (37.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
−33.4 (−28.1) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−24.1 (−11.4) |
−33.4 (−28.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.4 (2.89) |
50.7 (2.00) |
47.1 (1.85) |
36.2 (1.43) |
43.7 (1.72) |
59.7 (2.35) |
74.1 (2.92) |
96.8 (3.81) |
89.5 (3.52) |
108.3 (4.26) |
90.1 (3.55) |
79.9 (3.15) |
853.1 (33.59) |
Average precipitation days | 14.77 | 11.35 | 10.05 | 7.45 | 7.59 | 9.22 | 9.42 | 11.67 | 11.55 | 14.86 | 14.49 | 15.39 | 138.72 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34 | 65 | 122 | 180 | 264 | 285 | 274 | 252 | 167 | 100 | 40 | 28 | 1,811 |
Source 1: Météo Climat[20] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA[21] |
Climate data for Šiauliai (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
35.7 (96.3) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
31.4 (88.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −17.3 (0.9) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −36.0 (−32.8) |
−36.4 (−33.5) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
0.1 (32.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−36.4 (−33.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.2 (1.74) |
35.1 (1.38) |
36.3 (1.43) |
33.4 (1.31) |
54.4 (2.14) |
71.0 (2.80) |
77.5 (3.05) |
68.8 (2.71) |
53.8 (2.12) |
71.9 (2.83) |
52.3 (2.06) |
45.4 (1.79) |
642.7 (25.30) |
Average precipitation days | 11.32 | 9.86 | 9.45 | 7.12 | 8.65 | 10.04 | 10.12 | 10.36 | 9.07 | 12.17 | 11.25 | 11.91 | 121.50 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 37 | 65 | 125 | 176 | 263 | 277 | 261 | 243 | 166 | 100 | 42 | 29 | 1,784 |
Source 1: Météo Climat[22] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (extremes and sun)[23] |
Climate data for Panevėžys (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1959−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
35.3 (95.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
3.4 (38.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −27.4 (−17.3) |
−27.7 (−17.9) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−30.3 (−22.5) |
−30.3 (−22.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.8 (1.96) |
33.8 (1.33) |
36.6 (1.44) |
43.1 (1.70) |
64.8 (2.55) |
67.5 (2.66) |
103.1 (4.06) |
54.2 (2.13) |
40.5 (1.59) |
56.3 (2.22) |
44.6 (1.76) |
40.4 (1.59) |
634.7 (24.99) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 11.1 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 7.8 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 122.5 |
Source: NOAA[24] |
Climate data for Alytus | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.2 (54.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
2.1 (35.8) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
27 (1.1) |
36 (1.4) |
41 (1.6) |
56 (2.2) |
74 (2.9) |
80 (3.1) |
70 (2.8) |
60 (2.4) |
48 (1.9) |
51 (2.0) |
50 (2.0) |
634 (25.0) |
Average precipitation days | 8 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 7 | 143 |
Source: [25] |
Environment
Concerned with environmental deterioration, Lithuanian governments have created several
Water quality has also been an issue.
Natural hazards: hurricane-force storms, blizzards, droughts, floods
Environment—current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at former Soviet military bases
Environment—international agreements:
- party to:
- signed, but not ratified:
Natural resources
Lithuania has an abundance of
Natural resources: peat, arable land, amber.
Land use:
- arable land: 33.48%
- permanent crops: 0.47%
- other: 66.05% (2011)
Irrigated land: 13.4 km2 (2011)
Total renewable water resources: 24.9 km3 (2011)
Area and boundaries
Area:
- Total: 65,300 km2
- Land: 62,680 km2
- Water: 2,620 km2
Comparative area
- Australia comparative: slightly smaller (5.5%) than Tasmania
- Canada comparative: about 9% smaller than New Brunswick
- United Kingdom comparative: about 17% smaller than Scotland
- United States comparative: slightly larger (4%) than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
- Total: 1,574 km
- Border countries: Belarus 680 km, Latvia 576 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
Coastline: 262 km (163 mi).[27] The coastline consists of 20 kilometres from Klaipėda, 50 kilometres at Cape Nehrung, and 21 kilometres in the region of Palanga and the mouth of the Šventoji river.[28] "The Memelland occupies two-thirds of the Lithuanian coast-line."
Maritime claims:
- Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
- Exclusive Economic Zone: 7,031 km2 (2,715 sq mi) with 12 nmi(22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
Elevation extremes:
- Lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
- Highest point: Aukštojas Hill 294 metres (965 ft)
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Lithuania".
- ^ "Country overview and assessment The economics of climate change adaptation in EU coastal areas- Lithuania" (PDF). ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/. European Commission Policy Research Corporation. pp. 1, 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
- ^ "Centre of Europe". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 2022-09-25. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
- ^ http://www.kontrastai.lt/?p=15825[permanent dead link]
- PMID 37872197.
- ^ J.-M. Hirschi, Joël and Sinha, Bablu; ‘Negative NAO and cold Eurasian winters: How exceptional was the winter of 1962/1963?’; Weather Vol. 62, No. 2 (February 2007); pp. 43–48
- ^ "Climate trends in the Baltic" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
- S2CID 129291840.
- ^ "Ekstremalūs reiškiniai (Extreme Phenomena)". Meteo.lt. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
- ^ "Rekordiškai šilta Rugsėjo Pirmoji (Warmest 1 September on record)". Meteo.lt. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ "Lithuania Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Vilnius". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Vilnius Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ "Météo Climat 1991–2020 averages for Lithuania". Météo Climat. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Vilnius, Lithuania - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Yu Media Group. Archived from the original on 2022-06-20. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Kaunas". World Meteorological Organization. May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
- ^ "Kaunas Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Kaunas". Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Kaunas 1991–2020". Météo Climat. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Klaipėda". Météo Climat. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- ^ "Klaipėda Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Siauliai". Météo Climat. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ^ "Siauliai Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ "Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-03-27. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Alytus, Lithuania Temperature Averages". weatherbase.com. Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "Wastewater treatment in Kaunas". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "Lithuania – overview" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-03. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
- ^ Harrison, Ernest John (1928). Lithuania, 1928. London: Hazell, Watson & Viney. p. 16.
In addition, Lithuania, including the Memel (Klaipéda) region, possesses 91 kilometres of coast-line, i.e. 20 kilometres from Klaipéda (Memel), 50 kilometres at Cape Nehrung, and 21 kilometres of sea-coast in the region of Palanga and the mouth of the Šventoji (Sventa) river.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Kursiu Nerija National Park Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine