Nationalist Liberation Alliance

Nationalist Liberation Alliance

Alianza Libertadora Nacionalista
Nationalist Liberation Alliance Alianza Libertadora Nacionalista
Historical leaders	Far-right
Colours	Black
Slogan	"Hierarchy and order"
Party flag
	; Other flags: (1937–1955);
	Politics of Argentina; Political parties; Elections;

The Nationalist Liberation Alliance (

Nacionalista and fascist movement.^[1]

The movement was heavily influenced by

National Fascist Union in 1936. In 1936, its leader General Juan Bautista Molina reorganized the militia to be based upon the organization of the Nazi Party.^[2] General Molina wanted an Argentina based on Nazi lines, presenting himself as an Argentine Hitler, and having close relations with Nazi Germany.^[2]

The movement called for "hierarchy and order" in society, various

anti-Semitic themes, and the demand for "social justice" and "revolutionary" land reform to destroy the "oligarchy" in Argentina.^[6] The movement also advocated irredentism against the country's neighbors Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia and Brazil^{[citation needed}

].

It was violently

anti-Semitic, with its journal Combate issuing a "commandment" to its members: "War against the Jew. Hatred towards the Jew. Death to the Jew."^[7]

History

General José Félix Uriburu, President of Argentina (1930-1932), founder of the movement.

It was recognized as a political entity on 20 May 1931 and received juridical personality on 11 January 1932.

September revolution and who morally and materially were ready to cooperate in the institutional reconstruction of the country".^[10] The Legion was the largest nationalist organization in Argentina in the early 1930s.^[11] The movement is known to have committed acts of violence against its political opponents and tortured those that were captured.^[3]

It collapsed in 1955 after anti-Peronist forces seized control of Argentina with its leader fleeing the country.

It had a student wing called the Nationalist Union of Secondary Students (Unión Nacionalista de Estudiantes Secundarios, UNES).[7] Unlike other Argentine nationalist organizations of the time, the Legion had a women's section, while other nationalist groups excluded women from their organizations.^[12] The Legion's women section called Agrupación Femenina de la LCA promoted women to love the armed forces and respect for order, authority, and hierarchy in the home and school.^[12] These women were to provide aid to the poor to assist in establishing social peace.^[12]

During the 1946 Argentine elections, the ALN was the largest Nacionalista movement but only gained 25,000 votes in a few areas in which it fielded candidates.^[13] This coincided with the election of Juan Perón as President of Argentina.^[13] Following the 1946 election, ALN members attacked the headquarters of several liberal and leftist newspapers, including La Hora, the Communist Party newspaper, as well as attacking a bar in downtown Buenos Aires that was frequented by Spanish republican refugees.^[13]

In 1953, the ALN condemned the nationalist newspaper La Prensa for publishing too many articles by Jewish writers.^[14] ALN leader Juan Queraltó was ousted from leadership of the party in 1953.^[15] Queraltó was succeeded by Guillermo Patricio Kelly.^[16] Kelly sought to distance the party from its anti-Semitic past and met with Israel's ambassador to Argentina, Dr. Arie Kubovy during which Kelly informed Dr. Kubovy that the ALN had forsworn anti-Semitism.^[17] In 1954, anti-Semitism was dropped from the party.^[15] Kelly was arrested after the anti-Peronist Revolución Libertadora of 1955 by Argentine authorities for having used a forged passport, but managed to escape and flee the country in 1957.

Party symbols

The Nationalist Liberation Alliance used the Andean condor as the symbol of the movement.^[18] The Andean condor is a national symbol of Argentina.^[19]

References

^ ^a ^b Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor). The Encyclopedia of Politics: the Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right. Thousand Oaks, California, USA; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 525.
^ ^a ^b ^c Robert A. Potash. The Army & Politics in Argentina: 1928-1945; Yrigoyen to Perón. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 119.
^ ^a ^b Paul H. Lewis. Guerrillas and generals: the "Dirty War" in Argentina. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers, 2002. p. 5.
^ Paul H. Lewis. The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism. University of North Carolina Press, 1990. p. 119.
^ Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 210.
^ David Rock. Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact. Paperback edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1995. p. 115.
^ ^a ^b Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 229.
^ Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 130.
^ ^a ^b Robert A. Potash. The Army & Politics in Argentina: 1928-1945; Yrigoyen to Perón. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 67.
^ Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 154.
^ Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 201.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 236.
^ ^a ^b ^c David Rock. Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact. Paperback Edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1995. p. 164.
^ Institute of Jewish Affairs. Patterns of prejudice , Volumes 6-8; Volume 6. Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1972. p. 95.
^ ^a ^b Raanan Rein. Argentina, Israel, and the Jews: Perón, the Eichmann capture and after. University Press of Maryland, 2003. p. 68.
^ Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 68.
^ Benno Varon. Professions of a lucky Jew. Cranbury, New Jersey, USA; London, England; Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Cornwall Books, 1992. p. 206.
^ Jon Lee Anderson. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Revised text copyright edition. New York, New York, USA: Publishers Group West, 2010. p. 34.
^ Sujatha Menon. Mountain Creatures. New York, New York, USA: Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2008. p. 37.

[:2-1] Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor). The Encyclopedia of Politics: the Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right. Thousand Oaks, California, USA; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 525.

[:1-2] Robert A. Potash. The Army & Politics in Argentina: 1928-1945; Yrigoyen to Perón. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 119.

[:6-3] Paul H. Lewis. Guerrillas and generals: the "Dirty War" in Argentina. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers, 2002. p. 5.

[4] Paul H. Lewis. The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism. University of North Carolina Press, 1990. p. 119.

[5] Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 210.

[6] David Rock. Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact. Paperback edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1995. p. 115.

[:7-7] Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 229.

[8] Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 130.

[:3-9] Robert A. Potash. The Army & Politics in Argentina: 1928-1945; Yrigoyen to Perón. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 67.

[10] Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 154.

[11] Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 201.

[:0-12] Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: The Extreme Right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939. Stanford University Press, 1999. p. 236.

[:4-13] David Rock. Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History and Its Impact. Paperback Edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 1995. p. 164.

[14] Institute of Jewish Affairs. Patterns of prejudice , Volumes 6-8; Volume 6. Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1972. p. 95.

[:5-15] Raanan Rein. Argentina, Israel, and the Jews: Perón, the Eichmann capture and after. University Press of Maryland, 2003. p. 68.

[16] Alberto Ciria. Partidos y poder en la Argentina moderna (1930-1946). English translation. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York, 1974. p. 68.

[17] Benno Varon. Professions of a lucky Jew. Cranbury, New Jersey, USA; London, England; Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Cornwall Books, 1992. p. 206.

[18] Jon Lee Anderson. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Revised text copyright edition. New York, New York, USA: Publishers Group West, 2010. p. 34.

[19] Sujatha Menon. Mountain Creatures. New York, New York, USA: Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2008. p. 37.

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History

Party symbols

See also

References