Samarium(III) chloride
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IUPAC name
samarium(III) chloride
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Other names
samarium trichloride
trichlorosamarium | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.030.712 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
SmCl3 | |
Molar mass | 256.76 g/mol (anhydrous) 364.80 g/mol (hexahydrate) |
Appearance | pale yellow solid (anhydrous)
cream-coloured solid (hexahydrate) |
Density | 4.46 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.383 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) |
Melting point | 682 °C (1,260 °F; 955 K) |
Boiling point | decomposes |
92.4 mL (10 °C )
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Structure | |
hexagonal, hP8
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P63/m, No. 176 | |
Tricapped trigonal prismatic (nine-coordinate) | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H315, H319 | |
P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362 | |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Samarium(III) fluoride Samarium(III) bromide Samarium(III) oxide |
Other cations
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Samarium(II) chloride Promethium(III) chloride Europium(III) chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Samarium(III) chloride, also known as samarium trichloride, is an inorganic compound of samarium and chloride. It is a pale yellow salt that rapidly absorbs water to form a hexahydrate, SmCl3.6H2O.[1] The compound has few practical applications but is used in laboratories for research on new compounds of samarium.
Structure
Like several related chlorides of the lanthanides and actinides, SmCl3 crystallises in the UCl3 motif. The Sm3+ centres are nine-coordinate, occupying trigonal prismatic sites with additional chloride ligands occupying the three square faces.
Preparation and reactions
SmCl3 is prepared by the "
- 10 NH4Cl + Sm2O3 → 2 (NH4)2[SmCl5] + 6 NH3 + 3 H2O
The pentachloride is then heated to 350-400 °C resulting in evolution of ammonium chloride and leaving a residue of the anhydrous trichloride:
- (NH4)2[SmCl5] → 2 NH4Cl + SmCl3
It can also be prepared from samarium metal and hydrochloric acid.[3][4]
- 2 Sm + 6 HCl → 2 SmCl3 + 3 H2
Aqueous solutions of samarium(III) chloride can be prepared by dissolving metallic samarium or samarium carbonate in hydrochloric acid.
Samarium(III) chloride is a moderately strong
- SmCl3 + 3 KF → SmF3 + 3 KCl
Uses
Samarium(III) chloride is used for the preparation of samarium metal, which has a variety of uses, notably in magnets. Anhydrous SmCl3 is mixed with sodium chloride or calcium chloride to give a low melting point eutectic mixture. Electrolysis of this molten salt solution gives the free metal.[5]
In laboratory
Samarium(III) chloride can also be used as a starting point for the preparation of other
References
- ^ F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba (1997). W. A. Herrmann (ed.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 6. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.
- ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2.
- .
- ^ J. D. Corbett (1973). "Reduced Halides of the Rare Earth Elements". Rev. Chim. Minérale. 10: 239.
- ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
- ISBN 3-540-64526-8.