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Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
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|website = [http://english.incheon.go.kr/ incheon.go.kr]
|website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015749/http://english.incheon.go.kr/ incheon.go.kr]
|footnotes =
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|translit_lang1_type1=[[Hanja]]
|translit_lang1_type1=[[Hanja]]
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The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 AD, during the reign of [[King Jangsu]] of [[Goguryeo]], by the name of '''Michuhol''', which is supposed to be located on today's Munhak Hill (문학산). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In [[Goryeo]] era, Incheon was called '''Gyeongwon''' (경원) or '''Inju''' (인주). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. {{cn|date=October 2017}} Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, 도호부). Old Incheon consisted of today's southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu-gu, and Namdong-gu) and northern part of [[Siheung]] City. The city centre was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office (도호부청사) and the local academy (hyanggyo, 향교) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from [[Munhak Baseball Stadium]].
The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 AD, during the reign of [[King Jangsu]] of [[Goguryeo]], by the name of '''Michuhol''', which is supposed to be located on today's Munhak Hill (문학산). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In [[Goryeo]] era, Incheon was called '''Gyeongwon''' (경원) or '''Inju''' (인주). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. {{cn|date=October 2017}} Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, 도호부). Old Incheon consisted of today's southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu-gu, and Namdong-gu) and northern part of [[Siheung]] City. The city centre was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office (도호부청사) and the local academy (hyanggyo, 향교) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from [[Munhak Baseball Stadium]].


Another historical name of the city, '''Jemulpo''' (alternatively Romanized as '''Chemulpo'''), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883.<ref>[http://english.incheon.go.kr/ Incheon Metropolitan City]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ewing |first=Stefan |url=http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |title=By Train from Seoul to Incheon – and Jemulpo, too |publisher=Korea Web |date=25 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035926/http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> After the opening of the Incheon port, the city centre moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Deep Incheon"(원인천). It was renamed as '''Jinsen''' during Japanese rule in Korean peninsula.
Another historical name of the city, '''Jemulpo''' (alternatively Romanized as '''Chemulpo'''), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883.<ref>[http://english.incheon.go.kr/ Incheon Metropolitan City] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015749/http://english.incheon.go.kr/ |date=7 January 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ewing |first=Stefan |url=http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |title=By Train from Seoul to Incheon – and Jemulpo, too |publisher=Korea Web |date=25 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035926/http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> After the opening of the Incheon port, the city centre moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Deep Incheon"(원인천). It was renamed as '''Jinsen''' during Japanese rule in Korean peninsula.


In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former centre of Gwangyo) with [[Bupyeong District|Bupyeong]] County, forming [[Bucheon]] County. {{cn|date=October 2017}} Through 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon City, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon.
In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former centre of Gwangyo) with [[Bupyeong District|Bupyeong]] County, forming [[Bucheon]] County. {{cn|date=October 2017}} Through 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon City, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon.
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Incheon}}
{{Sister project links|voy=Incheon}}
* [http://english.incheon.go.kr Government Website] of Incheon Metropolitan City
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015749/http://english.incheon.go.kr/ Government Website] of Incheon Metropolitan City
* [https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/national-institute-of-biological-resources National Institute of Biological Resources on Google Cultural Institute]
* [https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/national-institute-of-biological-resources National Institute of Biological Resources on Google Cultural Institute]
{{Navboxes
{{Navboxes

Revision as of 19:51, 12 November 2017

This article is about the city. For the airport, see Incheon International Airport. For other uses, see Incheon (disambiguation).

Incheon
인천시
McCune-Reischauer
Inch'ŏn Kwang'yŏkshi
Incheon International Airport
Nam-gu
Incheon Port
Incheon Soccer Stadium
Seoul National Capital Area
Founded18 BC as Michuhol 1995 AD as Incheon Metropolitan City
Subdivisions
List
  • 8 districts ("gu")
  • Yeonsu-gu (연수구; 延壽區)
  •  
  • 2 counties ("gun")
  • Ganghwa-gun (강화군; 江華郡)
  • Ongjin-gun
(옹진군; 甕津郡)
Government
 • Type
Dialect
Gyeonggi
FlowerRose
TreeTulip tree
BirdCrane
Websiteincheon.go.kr

Incheon (

fourth largest metropolitan area by population
.

Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the

Songdo
International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.

As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the world-renowned Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The city is also home to the Green Climate Fund, an international organization addressing environmental issues.

History

The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 AD, during the reign of

Munhak Baseball Stadium
.

Another historical name of the city, Jemulpo (alternatively Romanized as Chemulpo), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883.[2][3] After the opening of the Incheon port, the city centre moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Deep Incheon"(원인천). It was renamed as Jinsen during Japanese rule in Korean peninsula.

In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former centre of Gwangyo) with Bupyeong County, forming Bucheon County. [citation needed] Through 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon City, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon.

Incheon was originally part of

Gyeonggi Province, but was granted Directly Governed (now Metropolitan) City status on July 1, 1981; the city officially separated from the province. In 1989, neighbouring islands and Gyeyang township of Gimpo County[4]
were ceded to Incheon and in 1995 Geomdan township of Gimpo Country and two counties of Ganghwa and Onjin were annexed to Incheon Metropolitan City.

Incheon was known as Inchon prior to South Korea's adoption of a new Romanization system in 2000.

Major events

The city was the site of the Battle of Chemulpo Bay, where the first shots of the Russo-Japanese War were fired.

During the

Pusan Perimeter and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory and it was recaptured on 19 September 1950.[5] The USS Inchon
was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued.

Incheon has also hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from 7 August to 25 October for a period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants.Various musicians and artists performed during the event.

The city hosted a meeting of the G20 Finance Ministers in February 2010.[6] Incheon was the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10th to the 14th of August 2011.

It first hosted the Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in 2004 which expanded into welcoming international artists in its subsequent 2007, 2009[7] and 2011.

Incheon hosted the Asian Games in 2014.

Education

On 27 February 2007, Incheon declared itself an "English City," and inaugurated the "Incheon Free English Zone" program. The goal of the program is to make Incheon as much an English speaking city as Hong Kong and Singapore are.[8] This is for the ultimate purpose of establishing Incheon as a commercial and business hub of northeast Asia (see Free Economic Zone below). The official slogan of the program is "Smile with English."

Higher education

Incheon is home to a number of colleges and universities:

See also: Category:Universities and colleges in Incheon

Primary and secondary schools

International schools:

Climate

Incheon has a humid continental climate(Köppen climate classification Dwa). Incheon's climate is about average compared to the rest of Korea, with 8 locations being cooler and 10 locations being warmer, and with 9 locations being wetter and 9 locations being drier.[10]

Incheon experiences each of its four seasons, distinctly feeling the rise and fall of temperature and humidity. The temperature however, never rises to an extreme, and the climate of the city is essentially mild. Incheon is swept by the seasonal winds as the northwesterly winds strike the city in the winter and the summer in Incheon is affected by gusts of the warm southwesterly winds.[11]

Climate data for Incheon (1981–2010, extremes 1904–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.8
(60.4) 		18.2
(64.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.2
(88.2) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.9
(102.0) 		38.9
(102.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		28.6
(83.5) 		26.2
(79.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		38.9
(102.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.6
(49.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		25.4
(77.7) 		27.6
(81.7) 		29.0
(84.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		4.7
(40.5) 		16.4
(61.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2) 		0.3
(32.5) 		5.1
(41.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.4
(61.5) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.0
(75.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		0.9
(33.6) 		12.1
(53.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.4
(22.3) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		1.7
(35.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.8
(55.0) 		17.6
(63.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		8.7
(47.7)
Record low °C (°F) −21.0
(−5.8) 		−18.4
(−1.1) 		−13.8
(7.2) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.7
(47.7) 		12.8
(55.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		5.3
(41.5) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−21.0
(−5.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.6
(0.81) 		20.8
(0.82) 		40.5
(1.59) 		57.7
(2.27) 		100.3
(3.95) 		112.0
(4.41) 		319.6
(12.58) 		285.8
(11.25) 		153.5
(6.04) 		53.4
(2.10) 		51.0
(2.01) 		19.3
(0.76) 		1,234.4
(48.60)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 6.6 5.3 6.7 7.3 8.7 9.7 14.9 12.5 8.2 6.2 8.5 7.3 101.9
Average snowy days 7.6 4.3 2.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 5.8 21.9
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		61.5 61.8 63.4 64.1 70.3 74.8 82.2 79.1 73.1 67.3 63.9 62.0 68.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 178.0 181.5 204.9 219.4 231.4 203.4 156.8 191.0 197.6 211.2 168.6 171.0 2,314.9
Percent possible sunshine 58.0 59.5 55.3 55.6 52.7 46.1 35.0 45.4 52.9 60.6 55.2 57.3 52.0
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[12][13][14] (percent sunshine and snowy days)[15]

Economy

Incheon forms the heart of Capital Industrial Region. During the industrialization of South Korea, several industrial complexes were built throughout the city, and as a result, the city was largely dependent on manufacturing industry. But with the designation of Incheon Free Economic Zone in 2003, the city is now making an effort to foster new growth industries. Major industrial parks include Bupyeong industrial complex, which hosts GM Incheon plant(formerly a GM Daewoo Incheon plant), Juan industrial complex, and Namdong Industrial complex.

In recent years, bio industry is emerging as a new growth industry of the city. Currently, with the total production capacity of 330kℓ per year, the city ranks 2nd in the world by production capacity along with

Incheon Airport
, which was ranked fourth in the world by cargo traffic, and the expansion of Incheon Port.

Transport

Incheon is a major domestic and international transport hub for Korea.

Inside Incheon International Airport

Air

Incheon International Airport is South Korea's primary international airport and a regional air hub. In 2015 it was the world's 22nd busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 49,412,750 passengers.[17]

There were a total of 305,446 flights (300,634 international, 4,812 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2015, an average of 837 flights (824 international, 13 domestic) daily. 50.9% of the flights were serviced by Korea’s two main carriers, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, with low-cost and foreign carriers servicing the remaining 49.1%.[18] The airport is experiencing a rapid increase in passengers, and the opening of the 2nd terminal in December 2017 should spur additional traffic.

Also featured in the Korean drama series, "Air City."

Sea

Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after Busan's sea port.

The International Passenger Terminal located at the port offers ferries to five cities in

Baengnyeong Island inside of the Northern Limit Line
.

Buses

Incheon Bus Terminal, located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea. Many city bus lines offer transportation within city limits as well as to the neighboring cities of Bucheon, Gimpo, Seoul, and Siheung.

Many BRT lines offer transportation between Seoul and Incheon.

Train

Local service to

Soyosan
is offered by Seoul's subway Line 1. The line has 11 stations within Incheon and connects to the Incheon Subway at Bupyeong and Juan stations.

Rapid service on the same line to Yongsan Station in Seoul depart from Dongincheon station and stops at major stations.

The Airport Express (AREX) line runs from Incheon International Airport to Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport. The Incheon-Gimpo section was opened in March 2007 and was extended to Seoul station in December 2010. Passengers can choose a high-speed service stopping only at Incheon airport and Seoul, which takes 43 minutes but departs only every half-hour; or the all-station service which takes 53 minutes but leaves every six minutes.

Incheon International Airport Station and Geoman Station. There are additional plans to use the newly built Suin Line to bring KTX service to Incheon Station by 2021[19]

Subway

Main article: Incheon Subway

The Incheon Subway has two subway lines serving the city. The first line connects to the

Incheon City Hall Station
.

The Incheon subway is operated by the Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC).

There are additional plans for a third subway line in Incheon.

Oido Station to Suwon Station
.

SMRT (one of three operating companies of Seoul Metropolitan Subway) has extended Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7 to Bupyeong-gu office by 2011 and provided transfers to the Incheon Subway system. It has 3 stations within Incheon. By 2020, he line will further be extended westwards to Seongnam Station where it will be possible to transfer to Incheon Subway Line 2

Free Economic Zone

The

Yeongjong
, and has a total area of 51,739 acres (20,938 ha). The goal of IFEZ is to transform these three areas into hubs for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism for the Northeast Asian region. The term 'Free Economic Zone' applies to the development in these three areas with the aim of improving the business environment for foreign-invested enterprises and the living conditions for foreigners. The zone is a specially designated area to create the most favorable business and living environment where foreign nationals can live and invest freely and conveniently. Incheon's Free Economic Zone, the first in Korea, was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003. IFEZ is planned to be a self-contained living and business district featuring air and sea transportation, a logistics complex, an international business center, financial services, residences, schools and hospitals, and shopping and entertainment centres.

New Songdo City

reclaimed land
. It is designated to become a center of diverse international businesses, a hub for international trade, an area for knowledge-based technologies, and a place for eco-friendly urban living. Construction is due to be completed in 2020.

  • Development size: 13,162 acres (53.26 km2)
  • Planned population: 252,000 persons
  • Construction duration: 1994~2020

Yeongjong Island

As of 2012[update],

Yeongjong International City
’s 34,183 acres (13,833 ha) centering on the Incheon International Airport is being developed as an eco-friendly airport city scheduled to be completed by 2020. Paradise Co, a South Korean casino operator, said in October 2013 that it will build the country’s largest casino on Yeongjong Island.[20]

Cheongna

The

Cheongna
district, on the mainland adjacent Yeongjong Island, will focus on entertainment and will feature a world class theme park. It will also be a residential area with sports facilities, a floriculture complex, and a business area specially designed for international finance.

  • Development Size: 4,394 acres (1,778 ha)
  • Planned population: 90,000 persons
  • Duration: 2004~2008

Administrative divisions

Main article: List of districts and counties of Incheon
Administrative divisions

Incheon is divided into 8 districts (gu) and 2 counties (gun).

Religion

Religion in Incheon (2005)[21]

  Not religious (50.1%)
  Protestantism (22.4%)
  Buddhism (13.8%)
  Catholicism (13.7%)

According to the census of 2005, of the people of Incheon 36.1% follow

Muism
and other indigenous religions.

Sports

Incheon Asiad Main Stadium, main stadium of 2014 Asian Games

Incheon is home to the following professional and semi professional sports teams:

Association football: The

K League Classic team Incheon United FC
.
The Incheon team was known to have a popular rivalry against former
Jeju United
), due to the teams' close geographical relationship.

The

Hyundai Steel Red Angels
.

Baseball: The

SK Wyverns
.
The first Incheon-based pro-baseball team was Sammi (one of the major steel companies in the 1980s) Superstars.

Basketball: The

Incheon Electroland Elephants and WKBL team Incheon Shinhan Bank S-Birds
are based in Incheon.

Ice hockey: The Daemyung Killer Whales of the Asia League Ice Hockey play their games at Incheon's Seonhak Ice Rink.

Volleyball: The V-League teams are Incheon Korean Air Jumbos and Incheon Heungkuk Life Pink Spiders.

Munhak Sports Complex: The Munahk Sports Complex houses both a

2002 Football World Cup
, and is also the home venue for Incheon United. The baseball stadium is the home venue for the SK Wyverns.

In April 2007, Incheon was selected as the host city for the 2014 Asian Games, beating out New Delhi.[22]

Yeonhui Cricket Ground: Yeonhui Cricket Ground is a newly built cricket stadium in Incheon. The 2014 Asian Games will feature cricket for both the men's and the women's event and this ground will be used for the scheduled cricket matches to be played in the games. It has been reported that the crowd capacity of this ground will be 2,353. This first cricket stadium in South Korea.

Incheon Football Stadium (Sungui Arena): Incheon Football Stadium is the first football-only stadium in Incheon. It was built in 2012 with a capacity for 20,891 spectators.

Points of interest

A number of Korea's western islands, including

Baengnyeong Island
are also administered by Incheon. Baengnyeong Island is South Korea's westernmost point.

  • Bupyeong Station is where the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Incheon subway line intersect. There is a large under ground shopping center there mostly selling trendy women's clothing and cell phones. Above ground, there are many restaurants, additional shops, and a Lotte Mart.
  • Jayu (Freedom) Park is a park near the city's port. The statue of General Douglas MacArthur, as well as a memorial to the centennial anniversary of U.S. and Korea relations is located there.
  • Chinatown is Korea's only official Chinatown, located across from Incheon Station near Jayu Park.
  • Incheon Bus Terminal refers to an area surrounding the city's bus terminal. There is also a performance venue and a subway station. Within this area of Guwol-dong is Rodeo Street, a busy central square packed with restaurants and department stores.
  • raw fish
    restaurants. Ferries run from Wolmido to Yeongjongdo and Jakyakdo.
  • Jakyakdo is a tiny island located in the harbor close between Wolmido and Yeongjongdo. There are many walkways and picnic spots, a restaurant, and seasonal rental rooms.
  • Incheon Landing Operation Memorial Hall is a plaza and small museum dedicated to the Incheon Landing. Weapons and artifacts from the war and operation are displayed.
  • Incheon Dohobu Cheongsa is the old government complex for Incheon. Located near Munhak Stadium, it has existed since at least the reign of King Sejong, about 1424 A.D.
  • Ara Canal is a waterway connecting the Han River and the Yellow Sea. Along the canal is a park and a bike path that is increasingly becoming popular with the locals.

People from Incheon

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea

Twin towns – Sister cities

Incheon is

twinned with:[23]

(2007)

See also

References

  1. ^ 연령별 인구현황 [Population by Age]. egov.go.kr. {{cite web}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  2. ^ Incheon Metropolitan City Archived 7 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Ewing, Stefan (25 January 2006). "By Train from Seoul to Incheon – and Jemulpo, too". Korea Web. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Prior to 1973, the township belonged to Bucheon or old Bupyeong.
  5. ^ Bill Sloan, The Darkest Summer: Pusan and Inchon 1950: The Battles That Saved South Korea—and the Marines—From Extinction(2009)
  6. ^ "G20 Information Centre". utoronto.ca.
  7. ^ Garcia, Cathy Rose A. (30 July 2009). "Spotlight on Women Artists at Incheon Biennale". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Arirang News". Arirang.co.kr. 20 March 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  9. ^ "Overseas Chinese primary and middle, high school, Incheon". International School Information, Government of South Korea. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Inchon, Korea: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data". climate-charts.com.
  11. ^ "AsiaRooms – LateRooms – Last Minute Hotel Deals & Cheap Hotels". asiarooms.com.
  12. ^ "평년값자료(1981–2010), 인천(112)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  13. ^ "기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최고기온 (℃) 최고순위, 인천(112)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  14. ^ "기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최저기온 (℃) 최고순위, 인천(112)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  15. ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. p. 499 and 649. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  16. ^ 송도국제도시 세계 최대 바이오의약품 생산기지로 뜬다 [Songdo International City becomes the world's largest biopharmaceutical production base] (in Korean). 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. {{cite news}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Year to date Passenger Traffic: December 2015". Airports Council International (ACI). Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Airport Statistics: 인천공항 [Airport Statistics: Incheon International Airport] (in Korean). {{cite web}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  19. ^ Bae, Joon-yong (19 April 2016). 인천역에 KTX 들어오나? [Will KTX come to Incheon station?]. Incheon Daily News (in Korean). Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Kim, Peter (22 October 2013). "New casino complex to be built near Incheon airport". The Korea Observer. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b 2005 Census – Religion Results Archived 4 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Yoo, Soh-jung (6 July 2010). "2014 Asian Games to promote regional harmony". The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Metropolitan City Archived 30 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "International Friendship Agreements". Official website of the City of Incheon. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  25. ^ "Incheon Metropolitan City - Incheon City - Sister Cities". Incheon Metropolitan City. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Kobe's Sister Cities". Kobe Trade Information Office. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  27. ^ "Sister cities". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 30 August 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

External links

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