User:Teratornis/Energy
This user
Welcome
I invite comments from other Wikipedians. Please comment on the talk page. I have it on my watchlist. If you find it easier to comment on this page, be my guest, but I will usually move such comments onto the talk page after I take them into account on this page.
This page illustrates how I search for
I have lots of to-do items on this page that I may not get to soon. If you find anything you'd like to do now,
I date most of my entries, but I don't always get around to updating my notes after I complete a task. Not many people besides me look at this page.
Peak oil
I created a {{Peak oil}} navigation template, and I added it to all the articles it links to, and a few more.
Out of Gas
06:46, 15 March 2008 (UTC): to-do: write an article about
23:02, 4 May 2008 (UTC): several other users created the article. I would like to add a detailed chapter by chapter synopsis, with links to all the topics Goodstein mentions which have Wikipedia articles. That would be a lot of links. Are we allowed to do that? See some other nonfiction book articles that have synopses:
- Guns, Germs, and Steel
- The God Delusion
- God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything- this contains a detailed synopsis of chapters 1-8. That is a model for what I can do.
- The End of Faith
I'll make my synopsis in User:Teratornis/Sandbox3.
Google Books has some useful information about this book:
National Geographic
The June 2008 issue of National Geographic has another article about peak oil. I mentioned it in a Help desk answer:
- Help desk#adding to bibliography (permanent link) (Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2008 May 17#adding to bibliography - the eventual archive link)
Here is the citation:
<ref name="ngm_world_oil"> {{cite web |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/06/world-oil/roberts-text |title=Tapped Out |publisher=[[National Geographic Magazine]] |accessdate=2008-05-17 |last=Roberts |first=Paul |year=2008 |month=June }} </ref>
- Roberts, Paul (June 2008). "Tapped Out". )
Peak oil user pages
05:28, 18 May 2008 (UTC): I've run across several user subpages about peak oil. Search for them systematically, using one of my searches from {{Help desk searches}}:
User:Americanus/Peak Oil People
17:45, 28 April 2008 (UTC): I ran across the page:
Costs of energy in different forms
05:28, 18 May 2008 (UTC): the
The following table compares several sources of energy, stating a typical cost for each one. (Since most sources of energy vary widely in price, I will extend the table to list several rows for each source, to show the effect of price variations.) For each source of energy, each row shows a sample cost for the unit which people use to measure that source, the energy density for that unit, the equivalent cost if we could convert that source to motor gasoline at 100% efficiency, and the equivalent cost if we could convert that source to electricity at 100% efficiency. (Of course because of
Energy source | Cost | Energy density | $/MJ | $/gallon (gasoline equivalent) | $/ kWh (electricity equivalent)
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coal | $130/ton | MJ/ton | $/MJ | $/gallon | $/kWh |
Natural gas | $/ | MJ/ | $/MJ | $/gallon | $/kWh |
Petroleum | $128/ bbl |
6.1 GJ/bbl | $0.0209836066/MJ | $2.74885246/gallon | $0.0755409836/kWh |
Gasoline | $4/gallon | 131 MJ/gallon | $0.0305343511/MJ | $4/gallon | $0.109923664/kWh |
Electricity | $0.05/ kWh |
3.6 MJ/kWh | $0.0138888889/MJ | $1.81944444/gallon | $0.05/kWh |
Conversion factors:
Conversions using
{{=}}
to represent the equal sign in the {{Google- Coal:
- Natural gas:
- Petroleum:
- $/MJ: 128/6100=
- $/kWh: (128/6100)*3.6=
- $/gallon gasoline equivalent: (128/6100)*131=
- Gasoline:
- $/MJ: 4/131=
- $/kWh: (4/131)*3.6=
- Electricity:
- $/gallon gasoline equivalent: (0.05/3.6)*131=
Some comparisons that would be useful to make:
- The fuel cost per mile (or per km) for electric cars or electric scooters versus their internal combustion engined equivalents.
- How high the price of natural gas must rise to make renewable energy such as wind power a cheaper source of hydrogen (for example, for Ammonia production). (See #Renewable ammonia below.)
References:
- "Bioenergy Conversion Factors". ORNL
- "America's Coal Energy Statistics". Coalition for Affordable and Reliable Energy. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
- Barrel of oil equivalent
- Energy density
- Heat of combustion
- Tesla Roadster#Petroleum-equivalent efficiency
- Electric car#Comparison to internal combustion vehicles
Vincent Ellis McKelvey
It might be interesting to write a biography of
The US Secretary of the Interior at the time, Stewart Udall, later apologised for having helped lull Americans into a "dangerous overconfidence" by accepting the advice of the US Geological Survey so unquestioningly. A long-serving US Geological Survey director who had led the campaign against Hubbert, V E McKelvey, was forced to resign in 1977.
22:22, 25 June 2009 (UTC): someone else started the
Anoxic event
19:54, 21 June 2008 (UTC): the
- Special:Whatlinkshere/Anoxic event
- Effects of global warming links to Anoxic event
Price of crude oil and price of gasoline
Most people notice the price of motor fuel more than the price of crude oil, since few people consume crude oil directly. That's part of why the
- Wolf, Richard (2008-06-25). "Analysis: Using less can hold down gasoline prices". )
Jason Grumet
19:29, 29 June 2008 (UTC):
- "Jason Grumet" finds 10,200 hits
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: "Jason Grumet" finds just 2 hits
For example:
- Roberts, David (2008-05-06). "Obama energy adviser Jason Grumet talks climate, coal, and green jobs". Grist Magazine. Retrieved 2008-06-29.
- Oil Shockwave
08:54, 17 October 2008 (UTC): Jason has been active recently:
- http://www.brightcove.tv/title.jsp?title=1842740844&channel=1155152715 - Obama Representative Jason Grumet in Energy Debate, Oct 7, 2008
- Unfortunately the above video has poor quality, apparently shot from a hand-held camera using ambient mic pickup, so the speaker is barely intelligible.
- Fuel for Thought - Jason Grumet on PBS's News Hour on YouTube
T. Boone Pickens, Jr.
- "Pickens Plan" - {{Google}} finds a number of popular press accounts.
- "Pickens Plan" - {{Google scholar cite}} finds nothing that appeared in the year 2008.
References
18:23, 17 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:
- peak oil
- peak oil - recent
- oil sands
- oil sands - recent
- marion king hubbert
- Vincent Ellis McKelvey
Peak oil discussion at Richard Dawkins Forum
There is an interesting discussion thread about peak oil on the Richard Dawkins Forum. I've posted to it a fair amount. Some postings in the thread contain links to
Food security
08:16, 17 October 2008 (UTC): the peak oil literature raises many alarms about the degree to which
Even wealthy nations are not immune to food risk, should the supply of fossil fuel decrease faster than societies can adapt. Cuba's Special Period may be a model for what the rest of the developed world may experience in a future of increasingly scarce petroleum.
Unfortunately for clarity, it's easier for people to call attention to a problem than to analyze it competently. Modern food production does depend heavily on the fossil fuels first in line to become scarce. However, this only spells doom if nothing else can substitute for these fossil fuels inputs quickly enough. Thus we need to know what substitutes are available, how much they cost, and how fast people can scale them up.
Renewable ammonia
One very large fossil fuel input to agriculture is in the form of
- Ammonia production#Sustainable ammonia production - a brief section I added on March 23, 2008. My notes were somewhat preliminary because at the time I was only aware of Iceland's small production of renewable ammonia.
- Bradley, David (2004-02-06). "A Great Potential: The Great Lakes as a Regional Renewable Energy Source" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-10-04. - Bradley has a section that discusses the economics of generating ammonia from wind power, with calculations to show the cost equivalence between natural gas and electricity (that is, the prices for the two commodities that make them equivalent on cost for generating ammonia).
- Norsk Hydro - the company made renewable ammonia for years, until abundant supplies of cheap natural gas provided a (temporarily) cheaper source for hydrogen.
- Vemork - a dam and hydroelectric power station built by Norsk Hydro which produced hydrogen by electrolysis from 1911 to 1971. Ironically, it ceased hydrogen production at almost the same time that U.S. oil production was peaking, which humbled the many critics of M. King Hubbert, who had predicted the timing of the peak correctly back in 1956 to widespread ridicule. This was also just before the 1973 oil crisis raised awareness of fossil-fuel dependency and the need to develop renewable energy.
- batterytechnology progresses.
It would be interesting to expand the sustainable ammonia production section I started with more of the history of Norsk Hydro's ammonia production, and coverage of Bradley's cost analysis.
George Monbiot interviews Fatih Birol
09:33, 18 December 2008 (UTC):
The video is interesting. Monbiot mildly grills Birol over the large (negative) change in the IEA's projections of future oil supplies. Birol dodges the worst pretty deftly, without really addressing Monbiot's point, namely that governments around the world had been basing their plans on IEA projections, and now the IEA is saying there won't be as much oil in the future as it was predicting as recently as one year earlier.
Michael Klare
07:10, 18 March 2009 (UTC): the
- Blood and Oil - Trailer - Featuring Michael Klare on YouTube
- BLOOD AND OIL (1 of 6) MOVIE on YouTube(uploader claims fair use)
Related articles:
- Truman Doctrine
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- Carter Doctrine
- United States Presidential doctrines
- Energy policy of the United States
- Energy Task Force
- CENTCOM
- Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia - USS Quincy (CA-71)
To-do: get this book and write an article about it:
- ISBN 9780805079388.
- Google Books link - shows a partial preview of the book's contents.
- Energy Victory - a book with overlapping content, but from a somewhat more neoconservative perspective.
- See my related notes in the section: #Out of Gas above.
Review
- WP:FA#Literature and theatre
- WP:FA#Media
Start a subpage at:
and then move it to the article space after I develop it.
08:06, 18 April 2009 (UTC): I'm poking away at it, a little at a time. It's interesting that Wikipedia has articles about seemingly every person, place, or thing mentioned in the book, and most of what Wikipedia has about these topics appears to agree with Klare's synthesis. A book article on Wikipedia can add a lot of value to a book, simply by linking to many things the book mentions.
16:42, 24 April 2009 (UTC): Klare cites the National Defense Council Foundation which has some figures on the true cost of U.S. oil imports.
- http://www.iags.org/n1030034.htm - NDCF report: the hidden cost of imported oil
20:48, 24 April 2009 (UTC): When citing a book multiple times, here are some tips I saw on the Help desk:
- Wikipedia:Footnotes#Style recommendations
- Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes
- {{Rp}} - a template (the name of which stands for "reference pages") for appending Harvard referencing-style page numbers to Cite.php-generated inline reference citations. It is presently the only solution for the problem of an article with a source that you want to cite many, many times, at numerous different pages, from within a single article.
- To-do: look for some featured articlesthat use this template.
- A counterexample is the God Is Not Great article, which uses multiple, manually-formatted, ad hoc page number references.
- To-do: look for some
16:54, 19 June 2009 (UTC): consider making a
Transportation dependency on oil
19:01, 24 March 2009 (UTC): several articles that discuss "energy" do not clearly describe the special (and as of 2009, currently irreplaceable at scale) role of petroleum in powering transportation. While petroleum accounts for "only" 40% of U.S. energy consumption, it supplies the fuel for approximately 97% of transportation in the U.S. Transportation is critical to nearly every sector of a modern economy, which depends on the ability to move goods and people in large volumes quickly. It is misleading to lump petroleum in with "energy," because while that makes sense from a simple
Determine the best way to add this type of clarification to the sections which at the moment do not explain it well, if at all:
- United States oil politics- the lead section summarizes America's petroleum dependence in terms of overall energy, but does not mention the critical dependence in the transport sector.
- Energy in the United States#Oil consumption - doesn't do the best job either.
- Peak oil#Demand for oil - does better, but still doesn't highlight the extreme dependency among autonomous road vehicles.
Find the articles, if any, which explain this dependency. I'm pretty sure I have seen some.
- Ethanol fuel in Brazil#Comparison with the United States - mentions the U.S. ethanol industry which is small relative to overall gasoline consumption.
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: petroleum transportation dependency - this finds several more articles to review in connection with how they portray transportation in relation to petroleum.
I've heard Matthew Simmons say "Oil is transportation" in some of his videos. Find a reliable source for this quote.
Here's a source that predicts the U.S. will take eight years to get to one million
- Woodyard, Chris (2009-03-15). "California utility prepares for surge in plug-in electric cars". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
Luckily for the industry, the switch to electric cars is expected to be gradual. Mark Duvall of the Electric Power Research Institute, a research outfit for the electric utility industry, says having 1 million on U.S. roads in eight years is an achievable goal. Just last week, Volkswagen CEO Stefan Jacoby estimated in a speech at UCLA that it could take 35 years for the world to fully embrace electric vehicles.
The slow transition to electric vehicles might be "lucky" for the industry, but it sounds catastrophic for U.S. dependence on foreign oil. The U.S. is on pace to have virtually no domestic oil left in 35 years. In the meantime, U.S. population is growing faster than in most if not all the other developed countries.
See my additional notes in #Transportation below.
Petroleum in the United States
07:54, 21 December 2010 (UTC): Until last year there was no
The article says nothing about greenhouse gas emissions at the moment. See Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States and the USEPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
Natural gas in the United States
07:54, 21 December 2010 (UTC): there is no Natural gas in the United States article. But we do have:
- Gasland
- Henry Hub
- Marcellus Formation
- Shale gas in the United States
- Category:Natural gas pipelines in the United States
- Category:Natural gas infrastructure of the United States
- Category:Natural gas fields in the United States
Wind power
Several of the smaller articles about Wind power need work, or need starting.
Wind power in the United States
66,000 MW * 0.3 (capacity factor) * 24 (hr/day) * 365 (day/yr) = 173,448,000 MWh/yr = 173,448 GWh/yr
In fact the value in the table is 173448/4000 = about 43 times lower. This is a massive discrepancy. I should investigate it.
United States wind resource map
03:34, 4 October 2008 (UTC): find an updated wind resource map for the U.S. Image:US wind power map.png is rather old, does not show the newest data, and reflects a lower hub height (50m) than is becoming standard for newer commercial wind turbines (100m). See my comments in:
AWS Truewind has an interactive wind resource map for the U.S., but AWS Truewind sells wind resource maps so I doubt that their maps are available for free distribution on Wikipedia. Search the Web for wind resource maps from the U.S. government (which would then be free under {{PD-USGov}}).
Those searches find some links, several of which I have seen before:
- The Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States dates from 1986. That appears to be the source of Image:US wind power map.png.
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_maps.asp from the EERE shows a more recent and detailed 50m wind resource map.
09:06, 23 January 2009 (UTC): an updated wind map is here; I uploaded it to Commons:
09:13, 25 February 2010 (UTC): now NREL has new wind resource maps, for the whole US at 80m and apparently for every state now. See:
- http://www.fastcompany.com/1558412/the-top-10-states-for-wind-power
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_resource_maps.asp?stateab=tx (Texas was missing before)
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_maps.asp PDF map of the USA at 80m
Unfortunately, the maps are available in PDF which I might be able to convert to SVG. There are also some very large PNG files that look like blowups from the PDFs. The PDF file of the US has vector information, as the state boundary lines draw after the wind resource region raster scrolls onto the screen like a curtain. Here are instructions to convert PDF to SVG, except that I don't have all the programs:
It would probably be a nightmare to figure out how to import all this new data and maps to Commons.
04:29, 28 February 2010 (UTC): User:Xenon54 on the Help desk recommends Media-Convert for online conversion. I will try that. You just specify a URL, and the input and output formats. Except that when you specify a URL, you don't get as many choices for the output format. So I will convert from the local file I downloaded, us_windmap_80meters.pdf
. But that does not work either, because when you select PDF as the input, you only get a few output formats, and the two that I want are not there (SVG and PNG).
20:06, 28 February 2010 (UTC): it would be nice if the wind resource data was available as a shapefile, like the other shapefiles from the National Atlas:
Then we could generate our own maps of the various states, using a program such as
16:48, 23 October 2010 (UTC): see:
Onshore wind resources by state
On February 11, 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory released the first comprehensive update of the wind energy potential by state since 1993.
- "Estimates of Windy Land Area and Wind Energy Potential by State for Areas >= 30% Capacity Factor at 80m" (XLS). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
Since the XLS file of wind potential is inconvenient, transcribe the figures for various states, starting with the states that appear (or will soon appear) in the {{Wind power in the United States}} template:
Wind Energy Potential Installed Annual Capacity (MW) Generation (GWh) Arizona 10,904.1 30,616 California 34,110.2 105,646 Illinois 249,882.1 763,529 Indiana 148,227.5 443,912 Iowa 570,714.2 2,026,340 Kansas 952,370.9 3,646,590 Maine 11,251.2 33,779 Michigan 59,042.3 169,221 Minnesota 489,270.6 1,679,480 Missouri 274,355.1 810,619 Montana 944,004.4 3,228,620 Nebraska 917,998.7 3,540,370 New Hampshire 2,135.4 6,706 New Mexico 492,083.3 1,644,970 New York 25,781.3 74,695 North Dakota 770,195.8 2,983,750 Ohio 54,919.7 151,881 Oklahoma 516,822.1 1,788,910 Oregon 27,100.3 80,855 Pennsylvania 3,307.2 9,673 South Dakota 882,412.4 3,411,690 Texas 1,901,529.7 6,527,850 Washington 18,478.5 55,550 Wyoming 552,072.6 1,944,340
Statistics
20:20, 6 May 2010 (UTC): a report from the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy with some statistics for wind power and other renewables for the United States:
- "Renewable Energy Data Book" (PDF). EERE - USDOE. July 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
The whole report has many interesting tables, maps, and graphs about renewable energy. Page 58 has a graph and table showing US wind power growth and annual generation. Some of that information is not yet in Wind power in the United States.
U.S. Wind Energy Capacity U.S. Wind Energy and Percent Increase Generation from Previous Year (Million kWh) Total (MW) % Increase 2000 5,593 2,578 2.6% 2001 6,737 4,275 65.8% 2002 10,354 4,686 9.6% 2003 11,187 6,353 35.6% 2004 14,144 6,725 5.9% 2005 17,811 9,121 35.6% 2006 26,589 11,575 26.9% 2007 34,450 16,824 45.3% 2008 52,026 25,369 50.8% 2009 2010
The Renewable Energy Data Book says total US primary energy consumption in 2009 was 94.9 Quadrillion Btu. (94.9 quadrillion British thermal units (27,800 TWh))
Wind power in the USA
The Wind power in the United States article has this wind resource map: Image:US wind power map.png which dates from around 1985, according to its documentation page. Newer wind power maps for the U.S. are better, since the U.S. government and the wind industry have prospected more for wind as the industry has developed. See for example:
06:38, 24 August 2008 (UTC): the above link seems to be broken now.
00:02, 7 December 2008 (UTC): at 8 minutes into this video, a sequence of USA maps from NREL shows the growth of installed wind power by state and year:
- Barrington Wind Turbine on YouTube
- (I don't know how to cram the .)
It would be interesting to find the source images, upload them to
which appears in Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/Nav. Actually that page shows a still image with a link to the animated GIF, with this wikitext:
[[Image:Glass tesseract still.png|200px|]] '''The [[tesseract]], the four-dimensional analog of the cube.<br/>To see an animated version, click [[:Image:Glass tesseract animation.gif|here]].'''
I am looking for the maps; I have not found them yet. But here are some:
- Flowers, Larry (2004). "Wind Power America (poster)" (PDF). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - "The Energy Report (Publication 96-1266). Chapter 11: Wind Power". Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
I found the animated graphic; it's right on the NREL's Wind Powering America home page:
Actually the site says it's part of EERE, but the images say NREL on them. I guess all these DOE offices and laboratories overlap. More maps are here:
Here's the latest installed capacity map for the U.S.:
Figure out how to upload this to
- http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=NREL&go=Go
- commons:Image:Direct normal solar radiation 2004.jpg
The above image has this wikitext:
== Summary == {{Information |Description=Direct_normal_solar_radiation_2004 |Source=http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/us_csp_annual_may2004.jpg |Date=2004 |Author=usa |Permission=pd |other_versions= }} == Licensing == {{PD-USGov}} {{Uncategorized|year=2008|month=October|day=23}}
I'll make a suitable category for this image and the other images from NREL that are on Commons. See if commons:Category:NREL is available.
I see this interesting category:
which appears to automatically contain every image that has the commons:.
- commons:Template talk:PD-USGov-DOE has some cautionary notes about whether or not various government laboratories claim copyrights over their work. Including:
- Labs with ambiguous or nonexistant copyright policies:
The NREL disclaimer doesn't say whether I can use its images. However, the site links to this page:
Copyright
Materials on the EERE Web site are in the public domain. EERE requests that it be acknowledged as the source in any subsequent use of its information. Some materials on this site have been contributed by private individuals, companies, or organizations and include a copyright notice. It is the user's responsibility to contact copyright owners and obtain the written permission required under U.S. copyright law before using these materials.
Links may be made to the EERE Web site from personal and organization Web pages. EERE requests that you link to its site rather than downloading portions of the site to another Web server so viewers will see the most up-to-date information.
There is a commons:Template:PD-USGov-DOE, but I don't know if it applies to NREL publications.
Also see:
USA number one?
According to this reference:
- Garber, Kent (2008-08-22). "Why T. Boone Pickens Could Be the Best Hope for Wind Energy". US News and World Report. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- "U.S. wind production jumped 45 percent last year, and, in July (2008), the country overtook Germany as the world's top wind producer."
{{Google}} finds additional links which confirm this:
See whether I can verify this, and if it is true, work the information into these articles which currently rank Germany first and the United States second:
- Wind power#Utilization of wind power
- Renewable energy in the United States#Wind power in the U.S.
- lead section
16:22, 24 August 2008 (UTC): on further reading, I see Germany is still first in terms of installed nameplate capacity, but because U.S. wind farms have stronger winds on average, the U.S. produces more wind energy per year. In other words, the U.S. has a higher average capacity factor for its wind power than Germany does. However, the U.S. is adding new capacity faster than Germany and should overtake it in nameplate capacity in 2009.
01:10, 25 August 2008 (UTC): I edited the lead section of Wind power in the United States and added a new section: Wind power in the United States#The world's top wind producer. There's little point in editing the other articles that rank the U.S. behind Germany in installed capacity, since U.S. capacity will probably top Germany's in 2009. I.e., this ranking ambiguity will resolve itself soon enough when the U.S. tops the world in both nameplate capacity and actual wind energy production.
06:30, 8 May 2009 (UTC): the U.S. has now gained the outright lead in wind power installed nameplate capacity. Other editors have updated several wind power articles to mention that.
USA wind power annual report, 2007
09:04, 31 October 2008 (UTC): This is an interesting reference that I must study, available at at least two URLs:
- http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/43025.pdf
- http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/43025.pdf
- Wiser, Ryan (2008). "Annual Report on U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost, and Performance Trends: 2007" (PDF). United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|author=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help)
Wind power in the United States already cites it three times, but uses a bare URL rather than a {{Cite web}} template. I'm fixing that.
07:56, 21 November 2008 (UTC): an interim report for third quarter, 2008:
- Schueneman, Tom (2008-11-04). "U.S. Installs 1,400 Megawatts of Wind Energy in 3rd Quarter - Heading for Another Record Year". CleanTechnica.com. Retrieved 2008-11-21. - highlights include expansion to U.S. wind turbine manufacturing plants, and 8 GW of wind power nameplate capacity under construction.
- "AWEA 3rd Quarter 2008 Market Report" (PDF). American Wind Energy Association. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "The U.S. wind industry installed about 1,400 MW of new wind capacity in the third quarter of the year, bringing the total installed capacity to over 4,200 MW in the year and over 21,000 MW overall. Some 8,000 MW more are under construction for completion this year or next year. Over 7,500 MW is likely to be installed in 2008."
I could update Wind power in the United States with some interim results, if nobody beats me to it.
Great Plains
01:14, 25 August 2008 (UTC): the Great Plains article says nothing about wind power. The history subsection: Great Plains#After 1900 mentions the ongoing population loss in the Great Plains since the 1930s. Wind power development could slow or reverse the population loss, at least in specific areas. T. Boone Pickens cites Sweetwater, Texas as an example. Find some sources and work them into the Great Plains article.
- Sweetwater Texas T. Boone Pickens revitalization
- "Legendary Texas oilman embraces wind power". Star Tribune. 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- Fahey, Anna (2008-07-09). "Texas Oil Man Says We Can Break the Addiction". Sightline Daily. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- "T. Boone Pickens Places $2 Billion Order for GE Wind Turbines". Wind Today Magazine. 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
02:21, 25 August 2008 (UTC): I added the new section: Great Plains#Wind power.
Wind power in Ohio
Wind power in Ohio already exists, but it is not as complete as it could be. 08:48, 22 December 2008 (UTC): I beefed it up a bit. I still have more material to add, especially information about future wind power development in Lake Erie.
Bowling Green
00:52, 29 October 2008 (UTC): Wind power in Ohio does not yet mention Bowling Green, Ohio#Green energy leadership, the site of Ohio's first utility-scale wind farm.
- Bowling Green Ohio Wind Turbine 2004 on YouTube
- "Ohio's First Commercial Wind Farm". Green Energy Ohio. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
- The dedication celebration for the AMP-Ohio/Green Mountain Energy Wind Farm was November 7, 2003.
- "AMP-Ohio/Green Mountain Energy Wind Farm, USA". World wind power database. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
- 4 Vestas V80-1.8MW wind turbines
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Ohio". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
- AMP-Ohio/Green Mountain Energy Wind Farm
- "Ohio gov blows hard with wind-powered energy". Environment Ohio. 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
The four turbines are such an oddity that they draw tourists and schoolchildren by the busload to the wind farm, which is next to a landfill. A solar-powered kiosk with a touch screen offers data on the project, wind speed and real time power generation. "We sort of turned the Wood County landfill into a tourist attraction," said Kent Carson of AMP-Ohio, which operates the US$10 million wind farm.
— excerpt from the above reference
05:30, 4 February 2009 (UTC): here are some photos of the wind farm on Picasa that I probably cannot use:
- http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/view?q=wind%20farm%20ohio&psc=G&filter=1#5142527104489279602
- http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/view?q=wind%20farm%20ohio&psc=G&filter=1#5252982719917207762 (a photograph of the wind farm's sign)
09:07, 4 February 2009 (UTC): I found some photos of the wind farm on a confusing photo-sharing site. Try to figure out the licensing, if any:
- http://www.instructables.com/id/SSJFJ89FI3OANYY/#
- http://www.instructables.com/files/deriv/FJ8/2W18/FI50YKWZ/FJ82W18FI50YKWZ.LARGE.jpg (aerial view)
- http://www.instructables.com/files/deriv/FKG/E142/FI3XV1AQ/FKGE142FI3XV1AQ.LARGE.jpg (a photo of the decidedly non-fancy visitor kiosk)
- http://www.instructables.com/files/deriv/FB7/FNMN/FI3XV1AT/FB7FNMNFI3XV1AT.LARGE.jpg (one of the Vestas wind turbines)
- http://www.instructables.com/files/deriv/FOE/FJV0/FI50YKWS/FOEFJV0FI50YKWS.LARGE.jpg (photo of the Wood County Landfill with two of the wind turbines in the background)
I can see the wind farm on Google Maps; the wind turbines are near what looks like the landfill, just west of Bowling Green:
18:07, 2 October 2010 (UTC): another photo of the wind farm to get from Flickr:
NASA Glenn
00:52, 29 October 2008 (UTC): The Glenn Research Center (full name: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field) did pioneering work on some of the first modern large wind turbines, the basis for today's large commercial wind turbines. (At the time, NASA Glenn seems to have been called NASA Lewis.) These were NASA's "Mod" series. Most of the Mod series wind turbines were not actually erected in Ohio, although they could well have been, because Ohio's Lake Erie shoreline is a decent wind resource area.
- commons:Image:Mod-0 Wind turbine.jpg - NASA may have tested the Mod-0 in Ohio.
- commons:Image:Mod-5B Wind turbine.jpg - The NASA/DOE Mod-5B 3.2 Megawatt wind turbine in Oahu, Hawaii, photo by NASA Glenn Research Center
- Image:Mod-2 Wind Turbine Cluster3.jpg - NASA/DOE 7.5 megawatt three wind turbine cluster in Goodnoe Hills, Washington, photo courtesy of NASA (only 320 × 256 resolution)
- commons:Image:Mod-2 Wind Turbine Cluster.jpg (even lower 126 × 104 resolution)
- http://grcimagenet.grc.nasa.gov/images/archive/projects/C85_5009h.jpg - the same image in magnificent 2000x1600 resolution
- commons:Image:Mod-2 Wind Turbine Cluster.jpg (even lower 126 × 104 resolution)
- unsourcedparagraph about the NASA/DOE Mod-series project
Search for sources about these NASA wind turbines and add it to the Wind power in Ohio article, and add sources to the History of wind power#20th century section, if possible.
- NASA/DOE wind turbine - search with {{Google scholar cite}}
- NASA/DOE wind turbine - search with {{Google}}
Both searches find many links. Here's one with a diagram showing the relative scale of the Mod-series turbines, along with a listing for each example in the series:
- "Winds Of Change, Stories of a dawning Wind Power Industry, American Federal Projects 1975 - 1985". Nordisk AeroForm ApS. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
More sources:
- "EIA Kids Page Wind Energy Timeline - milestones in wind energy history". Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2008-12-10. - this is a "kids page" but it still has useful information, some of which seems to assume smart kids.
- "Wind Power Milestones". Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2008-12-10. - this is an uglier version of much of the same information as on the "kids page" above.
- "U.S. Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies, Top 10 Program Accomplishments" (PDF). Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Retrieved 2008-12-10. - this has some nice photos I would like to copy, except this is a PDF so the photos are not as separate image files. Try to find the source photos, if DOE has them online anywhere. Google image search on the .gov domain finds some examples:
- http://images.google.com/images?as_st=y&um=1&hl=en&q=wind+turbine+site%3Agov&btnG=Search+Images
For example, here is a photo on http://history.nasa.gov of the Mod-0 wind turbine at Plum Brook station in Ohio:
- "SP-4306 Engines and Innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American Propulsion Technology, Chapter Ten: Down to Earth Problems". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2008-12-10. - scroll down to the section entitled "THE ENERGY CRISIS", which discusses NASA Lewis' shift to working on the energy problem after the post-ApolloNASA budget and staff cuts.
- http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4306/p209.jpg - 100-kilowatt wind turbine at Plum Brook.
http://history.nasa.gov lists: Steven J. Dick, NASA Chief Historian. More searching finds more images on Federal Government sites of the wind turbine at Plum Brook:
While poking around, I found this unrelated yet still cool photo of a bald eagle at NASA Glenn's Plum Brook Station:
More of the wind turbine at Plum Brook Station:
- http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/70s_energy.html
- "Renewable Energy at Nasa Lewis/Glenn". Green Energy Ohio. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- Dodge, Darrell M. (2006). "Illustrated History of Wind Power Development - Part 3 - Government-Sponsored R&D". TelosNet. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
NREL has a photographic exchange site, which shows low-resolution photos for free, but it looks like they charge $42 for a high resolution photo.
Ohio wind resource map
06:46, 15 March 2008 (UTC): upload this map of Ohio's wind resources to Wikimedia Commons, and add the {{PD-USGov}} template to its description:
I will probably have to convert the original JPEG image to a PNG. I can do that with Netpbm.
That map for Ohio is essentially a single-state version of this wind resource map for the entire United States:
I don't think I have ever uploaded an image to
The Ohio Wind Resource Explorer page has wind power maps for Ohio at 50m and 100m heights, from AWS Truewind LLC. The 100m map shows wind power up to two classes higher than the 50m map for many areas.
- 50m wind power map for Ohio
- 100m wind power map for Ohio
- Follow the procedure in Commons. It looks like AWS Truewind created the maps for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, which might make them U.S. government publications and therefore not under copyright. But I need to find out whether AWS Truewind retains any rights in them.
- Follow the procedure in
Some sizable areas of wind power class 5 are not too far from where I live, in Logan County, Ohio and Champaign County, Ohio. The Buckeye Wind Project may begin construction there in 2010. See:
In fact, a wind farm might get built there in 2009:
- Zachariah, Holly (2008-07-27). "Wind power likely to blow in". Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
Ohio wind power potential
This page says Ohio's wind energy resources are larger than in previous estimates based on 50m elevation, because new technology (i.e., larger wind turbines) can exploit faster winds at 100m:
- Press Release - New Wind Maps & Analysis by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Reveal Ohio’s Significant Wind Energy Potential Could Power 2 Million Homes
Actually the article claims that Ohio's wind power potential (66,000 megawatts (MW), nameplate capacity? The capacity factor might only be 0.3 or less, although perhaps higher over Lake Erie) exceeds Ohio's current electrical consumption. Determine what Ohio's electricity consumption is. The Ohio article does not seem to mention it; for an example from a neighboring state's article of what the Ohio article might say about Energy, see: Illinois#Energy. Economy of Ohio says nothing about energy, either.
Here is an overview I found:
Ohio's total annual energy consumption appears to be about four
- 4,000,000,000,000,000 British thermal units (1,200 TWh)
which equates to an average power of:
(1,200 TWh/yr) * (1000 GW/TW) / (365*24 hours/yr) = 137 GW
That's at least in the ballpark, if it represents total primary power and not just electricity.
Search some more with {{Google}}:
- Search for: electrity consumption in ohio
- http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/states/energy_summary.cfm/state=OH
- http://www.eredux.com/states/state_detail.php?id=1117&state=OHIO - shows Ohio as having 33,870 Total Net (MW) Summer Capacity, whatever that means.
- http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=OH
09:10, 3 January 2009 (UTC): another interesting article on energy unit conversions:
Environment Ohio
07:53, 5 August 2009 (UTC): more resources about wind power in Ohio:
- http://www.buckeyewindproject.com/d/Ohios-wind-energy-future.pdf Ohio’s Wind Energy Future, Amy Gomberg, Environment Ohio & Environment Ohio Research and Policy Center, November 2006
- http://www.buckeyewindproject.com/d/Energizing_Ohios_Economy.pdf Energizing Ohio’s Economy: Creating Jobs and Reducing Pollution with Wind Power, Erin Bowser and Amy Gomberg, Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center; Travis Madsen, Frontier Group, AUGUST 2007
- Biographical notes about the authors: http://www.environmentohio.org/center/staff
Here are the URLs to these papers on the Environment Ohio Web site, so I can make a primary reference that might be less likely to break.
- http://www.environmentohio.org/reports/energy
Lake Erie wind power potential
A very large portion of Ohio's wind resources are over Lake Erie. Lake Erie may be a good location for offshore wind turbines. As of early 2008, the United States has no offshore wind turbines. Lake Erie might be a good location for them, because:
- Lake Erie is the shallowest of the Great Lakes. The western half is especially shallow.
- Proximity to electrical transmission networks and electricity consumers.
- Proximity to heavy industry for making large wind turbine components.
- Ease of transporting large wind turbine components throughout the Great Lakes by barge.
Some links relating to offshore wind power:
- Category:Offshore wind farms
- United States:
- United Kingdom:
- London Array
- Scroby Sands wind farm
- Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm
- Denmark
Search for references with {{Google}}:
Here's one:
Search further on that term:
05:44, 4 October 2008 (UTC): I stumbled across an interesting report:
- Bradley, David (2004-02-06). "A Great Potential: The Great Lakes as a Regional Renewable Energy Source" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-10-04.
This is one of the more informative reports I have found. It discusses the enormous wind power potential of the Great Lakes, it mentions existing and potential pumped hydro power storage plants around the Great Lakes, and discusses the economics of using wind power to assist with the production of biofuels. That last item intrigues me because of the current heavy dependence of agriculture and transportation on petroleum and natural gas. Wind power can boost the ethanol output of a fermentation plant by generating hydrogen via electrolysis, which can then reduce carbon dioxide into methanol, ethanol, and/or methane. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of fermentation. Currently, the carbon dioxide from fermentation plants does not contribute its carbon to liquid fuels.
23:52, 14 November 2008 (UTC): another news article about interest in the wind power potential of the Great Lakes:
- "Great Lakes eyed for offshore wind farms". nameplate capacityfrom wind.
- "Momentum Grows for Great Lakes Offshore Wind". NewEnergyNews. 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2008-11-15. - mentions some names involved in studying Great Lakes offshore wind potential (I can search on these for more publications):
- John Cherry, University of Michigan researcher, Great Lakes Commission;
- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (Tom Graf, Land and Water Management Division);
- Laurie Jodziewicz, siting policy manager, American Wind Energy Association (AWEA);
- Chris Shafer, professor, Thomas M. Cooley School of Law
23:49, 27 November 2008 (UTC): more about Lake Erie wind power potential, from a monitoring station on the Cleveland Water crib:
- "Lake Erie Wind Resource Report, Cleveland Water Crib Monitoring Site, Two-Year Report Executive Summary" (PDF). Green Energy Ohio. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
Melink Corporation
22:48, 20 September 2008 (UTC): a couple of weeks ago, I saw the first large-ish wind turbine I've seen in real life. Evidently it is at the Melink Corporation:
- Boyer, Mike (2008-08-12). "Wind may hold energy, jobs". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- Melink Corporation
I visited the wind turbine on Saturday, Sept. 24, 2008. The turbine is next to the Melink Corp. building. I was able to ride my bicycle right to a parking lot next to the turbine. An access path goes directly to the turbine tower, but I did not follow it, because nobody was around to give permission. The model may be an Aventa AV-7, 6.5 kW nameplate capacity, rotor diameter 12.8 metres (42 ft):
Vestas V27 at Great Lakes Science Center
The
Find some
- Cleveland Wind Turbine Great Lakes Science Center on YouTube
- "Wind Turbine Project Q & A". Great Lakes Science Center. 2006-05-17. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
I mentioned this turbine in Unconventional wind turbines#Wind turbines on public display.
07:25, 15 December 2008 (UTC): The Great Lakes Science Center broke the above link. Google still has a cached copy, the text of which I am saving as an HTML comment. I should have figured out how to save this with WebCite.
Search for similar urban/demonstration turbines:
- Wellington Harbor V27 - Search Wikipedia with Google for: Wellington Harbor V27
- Brooklyn, Wellington, New Zealand#Wind-turbine
- Toronto WindShare turbine Lake Ontario - Search Wikipedia with Google for: Toronto WindShare turbine Lake Ontario
- WindShare
- Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Fuhrländer turbine Boston - Search Wikipedia with Google for: Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Fuhrländer turbine Boston
See also my notes in #Wind turbines on public display below.
08:38, 16 December 2008 (UTC): additional photos of this wind turbine are on Flickr, usually mistitled as "windmill" because the photographers are not wind power experts.
- http://flickr.com/search/?l=5&q=windmill+cleveland&m=text We found 9 results matching windmill and cleveland, with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
- http://flickr.com/search/?l=4&q=windmill+cleveland&m=text We couldn't find any results matching windmill and cleveland, with the Creative Commons Attribution License
19:17, 18 December 2008 (UTC): I found some more information about the display ground around the wind turbine. The base of the wind turbine tower has a sign with a caption that is less than perfectly coherent (and also displays a copyright notice - boo, hiss). Here is a photo from Flickr showing the sign (I can't use the Flickr photo because it has a noncommercial license):
This page from the GLSC site explains what the display is about, and in light of which the oddball struggling-to-be-artistically-cool sign caption becomes somewhat understandable:
- "Renewable Energy Exhibits". Great Lakes Science Center. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
I will upload this photo to Commons, since it features the wind turbine:
Images of wind turbines in Ohio
00:29, 29 October 2008 (UTC): search for images of wind turbines in Ohio, and use them to dress up the Wind power in Ohio article, which is rather bleak at the moment with no photos. Using my search methods in User:Teratornis/Notes#Image search, I found these images:
- On Wikipedia:
- Bowling Green, Ohio#Green energy leadership - Image:Bowling Green Wind Power.jpg
- Great Lakes Science Center
- Image:Cleveland's Great Lakes Science Center.jpg - a nice clear photo (I had to rename it to commons:File:Clevelands Great Lakes Science Center.jpg because CommonsHelper did not like the apostrophe in the original name)
- Image:Cleveland at a glance by Lovleet.jpg - photo in which the wind turbine is barely visible on the right, showing the building clutter which disrupts the wind flow and must lower the capacity factor for this demonstration turbine
- On Commons:
Here is an historical image of one of the world's first electricity-generating wind turbines, by Charles Brush in Cleveland, Ohio:
- commons:File:Brush-windmill.jpg (I'm also adding it to History of wind power.)
21:45, 14 December 2008 (UTC): I created commons:Category:Wind power in Ohio and I'm categorizing all the wind power in Ohio images I know of.
07:49, 14 January 2009 (UTC): here is a photo of the Vestas V27 at the Great Lakes Science Center, from 2006 shortly after installation, before the art display went in around the base:
Cuyahoga County offshore wind project
08:44, 24 November 2008 (UTC): look into this:
- http://www.offshorewind.net/OffshoreProjects/Cuyahoga.html
- "Cuyahoga County Taps German Firm for Lake Erie Wind Turbine Study". 19ActionNews.com. 2007-08-24.
Eden Park wind turbine
- 39°07′01″N 84°29′38″W / 39.117009°N 84.493929°W
- "2008 Cincinnati Metro Solar Tour Guidebook" (PDF). GreenEnergyOhio.org.
- "The 10 kW Bergey Excel wind generator was installed in April 2007 on a 120-foot-tall tower on a hill above the Administration building. The solar and wind energy systems were installed by Third Sun Solar and Wind Power and supply about 20 percent of the building’s electrical needs; the rest comes from Duke Energy."
- I've seen the wind turbine from what I thought was fairly close, and I would never have guessed the tower is 120 feet tall. The wind turbine is barely higher than the surrounding trees, and I did not think the trees were huge. I will have to scout the site more accurately. I was only able to view the wind turbine from a locked gate at a parking lot entrance, which is a fair distance from the wind turbine. The Bergey site says: "The BWC EXCEL is a modern 6.7 meter (22 ft) diameter, 10,000W wind turbine". Since the wind turbine looks very small in proportion to the tower, I guess 120 feet for the tower (5.545 rotor diameters) is within reason. It's too bad they couldn't mount the wind turbine on top of the 192.3 metres (631 ft) radio antenna next to it.
- "The 10 kW Bergey Excel wind generator was installed in April 2007 on a 120-foot-tall tower on a hill above the Administration building. The solar and wind energy systems were installed by Third Sun Solar and Wind Power and supply about 20 percent of the building’s electrical needs; the rest comes from Duke Energy."
- "Eden Park Showcases Solar & Wind Power". Cincinnati Mayor Mark Mallory News Release. 2006-12-12.
- 39°06′51″N 84°29′32″W / 39.114167°N 84.492222°W - a nearby 67 metres (220 ft) cell phone tower on an adjacent ridge to the east
- 39°07′02″N 84°29′37″W / 39.117278°N 84.493528°W - the 192.3 metres (631 ft) radio antenna next to the wind turbine, which dwarfs it
Bergey wind turbines allegedly survive tornadoes.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Bergey WindPower under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa - that finds no free images. But I did find an unfree (cc-by-noncommercial) image of another wind turbine in a park, in Jerome, Ohio.
Glacier Ridge Metro Park wind turbine
- Glacier Ridge Metro Park wind turbine
- 40°09′21″N 83°11′50″W / 40.1559°N 83.1971°W
- http://www.metroparks.net/MapGlacierRidge.aspx
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsbrown99/2890921374/
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsbrown99/2890920958/in/set-72157603598594908/ - Glacier Ridge solar and wind energy production chart
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsbrown99/2890921098/in/set-72157603598594908/ - close-up crop of the Bergey wind turbine at Glacier Ridge park
- "Glacier Ridge Dedication". GreenEnergyOhio.org. 2002.
Buckeye Wind Project
18:17, 23 July 2009 (UTC): this seems to be progressing. See:
Determine where this will be, with more precision, so I can add a pushpin to a locator map in the Wind power in Ohio article.
- http://www.buckeyewindproject.com/ - official site for the project; main page is mostly nontechnical fluff
- http://www.ohiowind.org/Ohio-Wind-Projects.cms.aspx
I see a bunch of sources, but none of them say exactly where the wind farm is going to be, other than in Champaign County. For now I'll put it on the locator map at the county center.
This source is somewhat more specific:
- http://www.greenenergyohio.org/page.cfm?pageID=2476 First Ohio Wind Farm on the Books By Tony Logan
"The proposed wind farm will be located in Champaign County, East of Urbana on a high ridge of land
oftentimes referred to as “the roof of Ohio.” Many of the turbines should be visible from St Route 33
near the popular ski area, Mad River Mountain."
- http://www.champaigncare.com/amy_g.htm Amy Gomberg Seminar, Environmentalist expands on Ohio's wind energy potential during local seminar, By SHAUN DUNLAP - Urbana Daily Citizen Staff Writer
- Amy Gomberg works for The Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center
There seems to be an anti-wind group opposing the wind farm, and at least one pro-wind group supporting it. Here is a report evaluating the dispute:
- http://www.champaigncare.com/WindReport.pdf Champaign County, Ohio, Wind Turbine Study Group, May 20, 2008
22:30, 8 August 2009 (UTC): this page from the application on file at the Ohio Power Siting Board has many details about the project:
Date Filed: 4/24/2009 11:27:37 AM Document Type: APP-Application Number of pages: 201 Case Numbers: 08-0666-EL-BGN Summary: Application for a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the Buckeye Wind Project in the Townships of Goshen, Rush, Salem, Union, Urbana, and Wayne, Champaign County, Ohio by H. Petricoff. (Part 1 of 7)
- Table 06-2 on page 78 of this report shows the estimated reductions in annual emissions from the wind farm.
- Another section of the application shows a lot of maps. However, they are mostly illegible photocopies, and they don't give coordinates.
Exhibit A of the application mentions Nordex N100, Nordex N90, and REpower MM92 wind turbines and copies manufacturer literature for the specifications.
Hardin Wind Project
21:54, 8 August 2009 (UTC): this appears to be the second proposed Ohio wind project currently with an application on file:
- http://www.ohiowind.org/Ohio-Wind-Projects.cms.aspx
- Hardin Wind Energy LLC (a project of Invenergy LLC)
- Application (Case No.: 09-0479-EL-BGN) to the Ohio Power Siting Board on July 10, 2009. The proposed project will be on 23,000 acres in Hardin County, Ohio. It will consist of either 120 2.5 MW turbines or 200 1.5 MW turbines (300 MW total). Construction should begin in October 2010 and the project should be operational about one year later.
- This page of the application links to a PDF of a poor quality scan of a paper document which shows the proposed wind farm layout on a map on page 10 of 46. The spatial coordinates are just legible along the map edges. They appear to center around 40°37′0″N 83°45′0″W / 40.61667°N 83.75000°W.
- Hardin Wind Energy LLC (a project of Invenergy LLC)
Economy of Ohio
23:11, 29 January 2010 (UTC):
Some projects move ahead
- Sheeran, Thomas (2010-03-29). "Ohio plugs wind power on Lake Erie". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
Governor
05:47, 3 October 2010 (UTC): more references:
- "Owens Community College awarded $96,000 Renewable Energy Grant". La Prensa. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Owens Findlay-area Campus Showcases New Renewable Energy Technology". Owens Community College. 2010-08-17. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
- "Entegrity Wind Systems". National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-10-03. - the model of wind turbine installed at Owens Community College
Fayette Schools
- Schlesinger, Michael (2011-03-16). "Fayette schools soar to great heights in going green with wind turbine". WNWO-TV. Archived from the original on 2011-03-18. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
Also, update the Wind power in Ohio article with some additional small wind power projects. See the AWEA project page for Ohio.
North Dakota
08:52, 24 November 2008 (UTC): North Dakota is America's windiest state. Its wind power development lags several other states, probably due to its sparse population and lower industrial and infrastructural development, but eventually North Dakota could be the top wind producer in the U.S. A reference:
- Wetzel, Dale (2008-10-23). "Proposed N.D. wind farm one of world's largest". Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
Wind power in Wyoming
Wyoming Wind Energy Center
00:57, 4 December 2008 (UTC): while I was sorting images of wind turbines, I ran across an image that turns out to (probably) be of the Wyoming Wind Energy Center outside of Evanston, Wyoming in Uinta County:
Other possibilities include two new wind farms in Fort Bridger, Wyoming, also in Uinta County:
- "Mountain Wind II Wind Farm Fort Bridger, Wyoming". Renewable Energy Systems Americas, Inc. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- "Mountain Wind I Wind Farm Fort Bridger, Wyoming". Renewable Energy Systems Americas, Inc. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
To-do: make {{Cite web}} templates for the many sources I found for this wind farm. At the moment, Wikipedia does not appear to have an article about this wind farm:
I might just add a mention of the wind farm to either the city or the county article, rather than create a new standalone article. But I'll look at the sources and see if they justify a new article. Wind farm articles tend to attract message templates questioning their notability, unless you can write more than a paragraph of real content.
- "Wyoming Wind Energy Center windfarm, USA". World Wind Power Database. Retrieved 2008-12-04. -
- Buller, Erin (2008-07-11). "Capturing the wind". Uinta County Herald. Retrieved 2008-12-04. - article focuses on a wind turbine technician: Joseph “Blue” Nalder began working at Florida Power and Light’s Wyoming Wind Energy Center in Evanston in 2003.
- Gearino, Jeff (2007-08-23). "County gets wind farm proposal". Casper Star-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-12-04. - not about the Wyoming Wind Energy Center, but about proposed new wind farms in Wyoming (this was in 2007, so plans may have advanced since then)
- Dynes, Michelle (2008-08-02). "Wyoming wind may power Southwest". Wyoming Tribune Eagle. Retrieved 2008-12-04. - A new study claims that the best resource for clean energy is Wyoming's wind farms. Mentions a 2,000 MW wind farm under development in Carbon County, Wyoming, and a 3,000 MW transmission line a $3 billion, 3,000-megawatt high-voltage transmission line, 900 miles long, to connect southern Wyoming wind farms with distribution grids to population centers in California, Nevada and Arizona, planned for completion in 2014.
- Gearino, Jeff (Casper, Wyoming - Wednesday, September 03, 2008). "Commission stands firm on turbine locations". Jackson Hole Star Tribune. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - mentions two recent wind farm completions in Uinta County: "Tasco has also been involved in the development of two wind farm operations in neighboring Uinta County. The company recently completed the construction of 28 wind turbines on Bridger Butte and in the Bigelow Bench area of Bridger Valley as part of its Mountain Wind 1 project." - Anderton, Dave (2003-11-07). "Wyoming's new day: wind power - Utah planning to promote similar electricity source". Deseret Morning News. Retrieved 2008-12-04. - an article from 2003 about the construction of the Wyoming Wind Energy Center out of Evanston, Wyoming.
- "Wyoming Wind Energy Center". Orion Energy LLC. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- Climate change in Wyoming does not mention Wyoming's apparently booming wind power development.
- The American Wind Energy Association's projects page for Wyoming:
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Wyoming". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2008-12-04. - shows that Wyoming has a number of wind farms, ranking 14th in the U.S. by installed capacity, and 7th by wind power potential.
Wind power in Texas
06:54, 12 December 2008 (UTC): I've made a few edits to Wind power in Texas. Make some more.
I made a new category on Commons:
The Pickens Plan article has another photo I had not yet moved to Commons, so I moved it:
Still to do: maybe add a section: Wind power in Texas#Wind turbines on public display. Use information from the section I made earlier: Unconventional wind turbines#Wind turbines on public display.
Search the other language Wikipedias for images of wind power in Texas. Foreign companies built several wind farms in Texas, so maybe some engineers from Denmark, Germany, or Spain took some photos in Texas and uploaded them to their native language Wikipedias. If nothing else, see if Wind power in Texas has any other language versions we can add Interlanguage links to.
More photos of wind power in Texas are on Flickr. Figure out how to search Flickr for photos that have a Commons-compatible license. See my notes in User:Teratornis/Notes#Flickr.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm texas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine texas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power texas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill texas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Those searches find quite a few interesting images, although the locations for some are not clear. But here are two with a clear location, they are architectural drawings of the
- http://flickr.com/photos/architectural-design/3061726922/
- http://flickr.com/photos/architectural-design/3061707150/
I strongly suspect the uploader did not have permission to upload them under the license he/she used.
Here is a whole photoset of wind turbines in Texas, but not all are under a usable license:
Here are some geocoded aerial photos of wind farms:
- http://flickr.com/photos/fatguyinalittlecoat/3089777063/ Wind Farm by austrini
- http://flickr.com/photos/fatguyinalittlecoat/3090615704/ Ridge by austrini
And a photo showing wind turbines unloaded at Corpus Christi, Texas, awaiting shipment to somewhere:
- http://flickr.com/photos/qnr/3035615795/ Wind Turbines, some assembly required
09:08, 13 January 2009 (UTC): I found some photos from Muenster, Texas:
- http://flickr.com/photos/lafaske/3133765926/in/set-72157611762147216/
- http://flickr.com/photos/lafaske/3133765920/in/set-72157611762147216/
- http://flickr.com/photos/lafaske/3133687706/in/set-72157611762147216/
This wind farm is evidently new:
- Brletic, Stephanie (2008-10-23). "Wind turbines up and running in Muenster". Retrieved 2009-01-13.
- Sievert, Trevor (2008-11-14). "Latest Texas wind farm". Florida Power & Light. Retrieved 2009-01-13.
and the name looks like the Wolf Ridge Wind Farm. Here's a YouTube video about it:
- TCU - Researching the Wind on YouTube
Flickr has quite a few more photos of wind farms in Texas, but unfortunately most of them have no information about their location that I can decode. It will be nice if cameras get GPS receivers and automatically geotag the camera locations in their
09:43, 4 February 2009 (UTC): some more photos from Flickr:
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/mi2starsfan/3163422941/in/set-72157611118127243/ Barton Chapel Wind Farm, Jack County, Texas, taken on January 2, 2009 (and see rest of set)
Wind power in Kansas
04:25, 3 January 2009 (UTC): I might start a Wind power in Kansas article. According to the AWEA, as of 2008-11-19, Kansas had 465 MW of wind power nameplate capacity installed, and 548.5 MW under construction. Kansas ranks third among U.S. states for wind resources, after North Dakota and Texas.
YouTube has some videos of wind farms in Kansas:
- Kansas Wind Farm on YouTube - probably of the Elk River Wind Project
- Kansas Wind Farm on YouTube - a low-quality shot-from-a-car video of the Smoky Hills Wind Farm
Flickr has some photos:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm kansas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine kansas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power kansas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill kansas under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Photos most likely of the Smoky Hills Wind Farm:
- Photos most likely of the Elk River Wind Project near Beaumont, Kansas:
- http://flickr.com/photos/msisk/2620624762/ http://flickr.com/photos/msisk/2621723399/ (these are both videos)
- Photos most likely of the Gray County Wind Farm near Montezuma, Kansas:
- http://flickr.com/photos/28748264@N03/2712499024/in/set-72157608523149666/ - a blurry shot of the visitor center kiosk. I can just barely make out the words "Gray" and "County" in the metal lettering on the kiosk roof.
- http://flickr.com/photos/28748264@N03/2987855955/in/set-72157608523149666/ - another shot that just clips the top of the kiosk.
- I can't tell where these wind turbines are. Also, the large photo seems to be rotated 90 degrees, but I could fix that when I download it prior to uploading to Commons.
- http://flickr.com/photos/22998211@N05/2695178240/
- http://flickr.com/photos/respres/2736999459/in/set-72157600733971561/ http://flickr.com/photos/respres/2725884129/ (and several more in this photoset) - this may be of Smoky Hills Wind Farm, because the user uploaded it as part of a California to West Virginia road trip, which would imply taking Interstate 70 through Kansas.
- http://flickr.com/photos/silverspirit/2826485120/in/photostream/ - I don't know where these are either. Maybe more of Smoky Hills, as it looks shot from a car.
- Spearville Wind Energy Facility
- http://flickr.com/photos/jennlynndesign/553084783/
- http://flickr.com/photos/jennlynndesign/553085021/in/photostream/
- http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.84875,-99.755318&spn=0.1,0.1&q=37.84875,-99.755318 - Google Maps shows the location of the wind farm, and two photos of it from Panoramio, including this copyrighted photo that mentions the information kiosk:
Some references:
- Carpenter, Tim (2007-08-07). "Energy farms are increasingly dotting Kansas' landscape". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Kansas". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- "Kansas Wind Projects". Kansas Energy Information Network. Retrieved 2009-01-03. - this reference looks really good. It lists all the existing and proposed wind power projects in Kansas. The site links to an excellent map:
- "Proposed and Existing Wind Projects in Kansas" (PDF). Kansas Energy Information Network. December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - it would be nice to upload this to Commons. I don't see a clear statement of the copyright policy for the Kansas Energy Information Network.
- "Proposed and Existing Wind Projects in Kansas" (PDF). Kansas Energy Information Network. December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- "Kansas Wind Projects". Kansas Energy Information Network. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
Wikipedia has some stubby articles about wind farms in Kansas:
and some missing articles:
Articles that mention wind power in Kansas:
- Montezuma, Kansas - alludes to but does not link to Gray County Wind Farm.
- Kansas#Around the state - mentions wind power only slightly, apparently alluding to the Gray County Wind Farm.
Articles that should mention wind power in Kansas:
- Interstate 70 in Kansas (the Smoky Hills Wind Farm is visible from I-70 about 20 miles west of Salina, Kansas)
09:14, 4 January 2009 (UTC): I made a commons:Category:Wind power in Kansas, but I did not find any photos already in commons:Category:Wind power in the United States nor in commons:Category:Wind farms in the United States depicting wind power in Kansas. Therefore, any such images I upload may well be the first on Commons (unless I missed them in my recent search through all the wind power photos).
Wind power in Hawaii
04:25, 3 January 2009 (UTC): I might start a Wind power in Hawaii article. According to the AWEA, as of 2008-11-19, Hawaii had 63.12 MW of wind power nameplate capacity installed, and 0 MW under construction.
YouTube has some videos of wind farms in Hawaii:
- Wind Power Hawaii on YouTube- almost certainly shows the Hawi Wind Farm.
- Hawaii Winds on YouTube- shows the decommissioned Kama'oa Wind Farm.
Flickr has some photos:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm hawaii under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine hawaii under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power hawaii under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill hawaii under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Photos of the decommissioned Kama'oa Wind Farm (this must be on a tourist route, because lots of people photograph the rusting old wind turbines):
- http://flickr.com/photos/rstanek/258089172/
- http://flickr.com/photos/hellochris/598702649/
- http://flickr.com/photos/hellochris/598686907/
- http://flickr.com/photos/smacnhawaii/2057038/
- http://flickr.com/photos/hellochris/598712073/
- http://flickr.com/photos/mccready/328691271/
- http://flickr.com/photos/mccready/328691272/
- http://flickr.com/photos/lord_yo/3151687012/
- http://flickr.com/photos/lord_yo/219759140/
- http://flickr.com/photos/cyrusbulsara/2145124666/
- http://flickr.com/photos/cyrusbulsara/2145124540/
- http://flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/2122884192/ (and more by this user)
- http://flickr.com/photos/nogwater/203597936/
- Photos most likely of the Hawi Wind Farm near Hāwī, Hawai'i:
- Photos most likely of the Kaheawa wind farm on Maui:
Some references:
- "Tombs of the Green Towers: Pakini Nui Wind Project at South Point, Big Island, HI". some blog site. 2008-11-10. Retrieved 2009-01-02. - has some information about the history of wind power in Hawaii.
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Hawaii". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
Wikipedia has no articles specifically about wind farms in Hawaii yet. Other articles that mention Search Wikipedia with Google for: wind power in Hawaii:
- Ka Lae#Wind farms - mentions the decommissioned Kama'oa Wind Farm, and its replacement, the Pakini Nui wind farm at the Hawaii (island)'s Ka Lae (a.k.a. South Point).
- Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative - I added an image of the Hawi Wind Farm I uploaded from Flickr.
- Climate change in Hawaii
09:16, 4 January 2009 (UTC): I created: commons:Category:Wind power in Hawaii. It's a little lonely just yet with only two photos that I could find already on Commons. I will upload some more.
Wind power in Iowa, Maine, Oregon
05:31, 4 January 2009 (UTC): these articles already exist:
but they don't have all of the nice features as Wind power in Ohio and Wind power in Texas. Work on bringing up the other articles to the same standard. On the other hand, Wind power in Maine has a locator map; I could add similar maps to the other Wind power by state articles. Here are the [[AWEA references for wind power projects in those three states:
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Iowa". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Maine". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Oregon". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
I created the corresponding categories for photos on Commons:
- commons:Category:Wind power in Iowa
- commons:Category:Wind power in Maine
- commons:Category:Wind power in Oregon
I found some photos already on Commons for Iowa and Oregon, but none for Maine. See if Flickr has any:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Maine under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Maine under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Maine under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Maine under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Those searches find a total of 8 relevant photos, all by the same user, and all of the Mars Hill Wind Farm:
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/672287817/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/672297887/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/673154546/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/672346255/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/673193116/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/672336669/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/673194644/
- http://flickr.com/photos/extraketchup/672325797/
07:49, 5 January 2009 (UTC): The Flickr user did not geotag his photos, but the location of Mars Hill (the mountain) is: 46°31′16″N 67°48′49″W / 46.521111°N 67.813611°W. Wikipedia already had a photo of Mars Hill (Maine) (the mountain) near the town of Mars Hill, Maine before the wind farm went up:
I uploaded all of those Mars Hill photos to: commons:Category:Wind power in Maine.
I might as well see what Flickr has for Iowa and Oregon:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Iowa under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Iowa under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Iowa under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Iowa under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Lots of photos for Iowa for me to sort through. Here's one that clearly shows the visitor kiosk of the Hancock County Wind Center (which looks suspiciously similar to the visitor kiosk for the
- http://flickr.com/photos/timtimes/3059998289/
- 20:47, 4 January 2009 (UTC): I uploaded this to: File:Hancock County Wind Energy Center visitor kiosk 3059998289 e60b6b5a09 o.jpg
So I guess FPL Energy uses a standard visitor kiosk design for at least two of its wind farms. Therefore, it probably has more like these.
20:21, 10 May 2009 (UTC): Here are some photos of (probably) Storm Lake I (145 * 750 kW = 108.75 MW) and/or Storm Lake II (106 * 750 kW = 79.5 MW), with old Zond wind turbines on lattice towers, from 1999:
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/hammer51012/470038981/
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/hammer51012/470038983/in/photostream/
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/hammer51012/470038989/in/photostream/
The Flickr captions say:
- "A portion of the World's largest windfarm. 259 wind turbines over 200 feet tall located in Cherokee and Buena Vista Counties in Northwestern Iowa. Together they produce 192,750 kW of energy (sic)."
That does not quite agree with the numbers from the American Wind Energy Association site. Maybe the farm has decommissioned some of its old wind turbines since the 1999 installation date, and not replaced them with newer wind turbines (Zond is no longer in business).
Reference:
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Iowa". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Oregon under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Oregon under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Oregon under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Oregon under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Flickr also has some photos from Oregon, such as this one which the uploader even geocoded:
- http://flickr.com/photos/stopdown/3057336347/ West of Condon by jesse.millan
and these others with no geocoding:
- http://flickr.com/photos/jotor/2641368187/ Windmills--Union County, Oregon by jotor
- http://flickr.com/photos/kables/6323695/ Windmills in Oregon by Kables
- http://flickr.com/photos/green4all/2899461706/ Green Jobs Now for Oregon! - Portland, OR
- http://flickr.com/photos/sburt/151257309/ Wind Power by Steve Burt "South of the Columbia Gorge are a number of wind-power generators" - location is unclear, but may be around Stateline Wind Project.
I'm guessing this photo is also of the
- http://flickr.com/photos/sebastian_bergmann/2946100845/ - the image description gives no clue about where this is, but it came up with the Oregon search. The image is in a set that the user says depicts a road trip in this map:
The photo of wind turbines is between a photo in Idaho and a photo in Oregon, and the Stateline Wind Project is in the right location to be on the road trip map in the photo set sequence.
Wind power in Nebraska
08:59, 6 January 2009 (UTC): see what photos Flickr has for the remaining Great Plains states. Three with large wind power potential:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Nebraska under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Nebraska under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Nebraska under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Nebraska under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Rather amazingly, the above searches only show one photo with a modern wind turbine, and not very many photos with old windmills either.
- http://flickr.com/photos/winslowkr/2126307391/ Windmills in Nebraska
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Nebraska". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
Wind power in New York
20:51, 26 September 2009 (UTC): See what photos Flickr has:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm New York under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power New York under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine New York under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill New York under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- red linkin at least two Wikipedia articles. I saw a YouTube video about it, which amazingly gives coordinates:
- Dutch Hill Wind Turbines, Cohocton, New York on YouTube
- Which I can convert with: http://www.earthpoint.us/Convert.aspx
Latitude 42 32.788 Longitude -077 30.108 Calculated Values Position Type Lat Lon Degrees Lat Long 42.5464667°, -077.5018000° Degrees Minutes 42°32.78800', -077°30.10800' Degrees Minutes Seconds 42°32'47.2801", -077°30'06.4800" GEOREF GJNN29893278 UTM 18T 294583mE 4713486mN MGRS 18TTN9458313486 Grid North -1.7°
Here are some wind power in New York photos I can upload from Flickr:
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/40765798@N00/2802139997/ Cohocton, New York
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/johndan/2454535631/ Wind farm near Churubusco, New York
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/johndan/2454534827/ Wind farm near Churubusco, New York
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/johndan/2454536327/ Wind farm near Churubusco, New York
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/saiberiac/3313635787/ Taken in Franklin County , New York (map)
- That's probably the Noble Environmental Power wind farm at Chateaugay. 71 GE Energy 1.5 MW wind turbines, total nameplate capacity 106.5 MW. Year online: 2009.
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - New York". American Wind Energy Association. 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/salim/2824822448/ New York Science Barge
- See: Science Barge for some wind turbines on public display. My notes on the Science Barge photo are at:
Steel Winds, Clipper Windpower
08:04, 9 October 2008 (UTC): Steel Winds had problems with its Clipper Windpower turbines:
- "Clipper wind turbines grounded". 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
Neither article mentions these problems;
Maple Ridge wind farm
05:54, 7 September 2008 (UTC): here's an interesting video about the Maple Ridge wind farm in Lewis County, New York:
- IBEW Wind Farm on YouTube
The video features the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers linemen and electricians who installed the wiring for the turbines.
The farm is a project of
Currently, Vestas offers a V82-1.65 MW model:
That sounds like what the Maple Ridge wind farm is running.
- maple ridge wind farm vestas
- Owned and operating wind farms - Horizon Wind's page about the Maple Ridge wind farm; this page does not identify the specific wind turbine model
- Major US order for Vestas Wind Systems - this page from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark) identifies the first 120 turbines as V82-1.65 MW models.
- "Major US order for Vestas Wind Systems". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). 2005-04-07. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
- Wind Turbine Blade for Maple Ridge Wind Farm - an interesting blog page with photos of a replacement blade on a truck heading to the wind farm. Evidently the blades can hit the towers in certain wind conditions, and when the weather is cold, the fiberglass-epoxy blades shatter on impact with the steel towers.
Wind power in South Dakota
- Dakota "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - South Dakota". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help)
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm South Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power South Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine South Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill South Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
The above searches find only one photo with a modern wind turbine, and it contains zero clues about the location:
As usual, the non-free photo versions of the above searches find dozens of results. More than 50 for the wind farm South Dakota search. This is yet another instance of how the vast majority of people who upload wind turbine photos to Flickr do not use a free license.
08:12, 23 January 2009 (UTC): I found some U.S. government photos about a wind turbine on the Rosebud Indian Reservation I can upload:
- "Rosebud 750-kW Wind Turbine Installed". United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program. Retrieved 2009-01-23. On February 27, 2003, the first utility-scale Native American 750 kW NEG Micon wind turbine was installed on the Rosebud Sioux Indian Reservation.
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/images/rosebud.jpg
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/images/rosebud2.JPG
Wind power in North Dakota
- Dakota "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - North Dakota". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help)
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm North Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power North Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine North Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill North Dakota under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
The above searches only find 3 or 4 usable photos, including one that was already on Commons, but in a lower resolution:
- File:LMGlasfiberBlade.jpg
- Original photo: http://flickr.com/photos/tuey/332361446/ which by the way is geotagged, but the Commons photo does not have the commons:Template:Location, so I will add it. 22:27, 6 January 2009 (UTC): except that Flinfo is down right now, making it slightly harder than necessary to recover the location information from the photo. Actually it wasn't bad; clicking on the Flickr "map" link displays a Yahoo map, which nicely displays coordinates in DMS and decimal degrees formats, which I could copy and paste.
These other photos from North Dakota look possibly usable:
- http://flickr.com/photos/thalling/268139549/ Wind turbines in North Dakota (no specific location specified, but the upload date was in 2003 which limits the possibilities)
- http://flickr.com/photos/tuey/332381877/ TV reporter at LM Glasfiber plant, Grand Forks, N.D.
- http://flickr.com/photos/magnusdigity/33968817/ windmillnd "there in nothing in north dakota except that giant cow and this giant windmill."
Evidently the northern Plains states don't have a lot of computer-savvy people to take pictures and upload them to Flickr.
Ashtabula Wind Farm
21:25, 13 December 2008 (UTC):
- http://www.otpco.com/AboutCompany/WindAshtabula.asp
- http://wcco.com/energy/wind.farm.transmission.2.737251.html
and a YouTube video about it:
- Ashtabula Wind North Dakota on YouTube
Wind power in Pennsylvania
Done I'm trying to figure out what wind farm this is a picture of:
The photo shows a long line of at least 19 wind turbines on a ridge. According to the original uploader's caption:
- "Aerial photo of a wind farm along the Allegheny Front in southern Pennsylvania in the United States. Photo taken by me from a glider in flight on April 28, 2007"
Here are the possibilities:
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Pennsylvania". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- "Wind Farms in Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania Wind Working Group. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- "Commercial Wind Power in Pennsylvania". Retrieved 2009-01-11. - an out-of-date page that lists some wind farms completed by 2003 and earlier, along with more wind farms that various people had proposed at that time, some of which are since complete.
There were four wind farms in Pennsylvania with 20 or more wind turbines in 2007:
- Casselman Wind Project, Somerset County, Pennsylvania (23 turbines) - Somerset County is south of Cambria County, and also on the Allegheny Front.
- Allegheny Ridge Wind Farm Cambria and Blair (40 turbines)
- Meyersdale, Somerset County, Pennsylvania (20 turbines)
- Waymart Wind Farm, Wayne County, Pennsylvania (43 turbines) - this is in extreme northeastern PA, so rule that out.
At first, the mention of Allegheny Front had me thinking Allegheny Ridge Wind Farm, but that's in Cambria and Blair counties near Altoona, which is not exactly "southern" Pennsylvania, but more like "western central". Also, this video shows a very different wind turbine layout:
- Allegheny Ridge Wind Farm flyover on YouTube
Thus the photo is probably of the Casselman or Meyersdale wind projects. Meyersdale is looking somewhat probable, as it is near the southern border of Pennsylvania:
The 30 MW Meyersdale Wind Power Project, developed in partnership with Atlantic Renewable Energy (now Iberdrola), is located in the Casselman River Valley in the shadow of Mt. Davis, the highest point in Pennsylvania. The geography of Meyersdale makes it the most energetic wind sites in Pennsylvania. The 20 1.5 MW GE sle turbines are spread across nearly 3000 acres on top of a ridgeline populated with trees in Somerset County, in an area known for especially good wind resource. Each tower is 262 feet tall, with the three blades each measuring 116 feet long. The project provides enough power for 15,000 Pennsylvania homes.
Here's a copyrighted photo on Flickr, among several nice photos of the Meyersdale Wind Project:
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/kftcphotos/2852579938/ Meyersdale Wind Project
- The Meyersdale Wind Project sits on Mt. Hunsrick above the Town of Meyersdale, Somerset County Pennsylvania - population 2500.
The Google Maps aerial photo of the Meyersdale Wind Project makes it pretty clear that this is what File:Wind Farm PA.jpg depicts.
See if anyone on Flickr has uploaded wind farm photos with coordinates, under free licenses:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Pennsylvania under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Pennsylvania under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Pennsylvania under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Pennsylvania under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
The city of Johnstown, Pennsylvania in Somerset County has a Gamesa wind turbine blade manufacturing plant. That would explain all the Gamesa wind turbines in wind farms in the area. Evidently Gamesa had some problems with the glue on their blades failing in 2007.
More references:
- "Community Energy: Bear Creek Wind Farm". Community Energy, Iberdrola Renewables. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
03:12, 12 January 2009 (UTC): identifying some poorly labeled wind farm photos from Flickr:
- http://flickr.com/photos/jenniferboyer/2886015058/ creepy wind farm across the mountain
- This photo and several more are part of a photoset with the title "Centralia". Centralia, Pennsylvania is a ghost town that fell victim to a coal mine fire. The Locust Ridge Wind Farm is nearby in neighboring Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, which Google finds with this search:
- wind farm near centralia pennsylvania - it's unfortunate that many of Google's satellite photos are years out of date, causing many of these wind farms from the last few years not to appear. Thus I can't determine the exact coordinates of them. However, a mountain ridge a few miles to the south of Centralia has names such as "Locust Gap" and "Locust Summit" on it, suggesting that "Locust Ridge" is probably nearby. I can search Flickr without restricting the search to free photos. That finds at least one copyrighted photo with coordinates:
- http://flickr.com/search/?q=locust%20ridge%20wind%20farm&w=all
- http://flickr.com/photos/mikemcpheeters/2962020923/ 40°41′35″N 76°26′34″W / 40.6931°N 76.4428°W
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikemcpheeters/2962868912/in/photostream/ a sign for the wind farm
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikemcpheeters/2962022429/in/photostream/ another sign for the wind farm
- http://flickr.com/search/?q=locust%20ridge%20wind%20farm&w=all
- wind farm near centralia pennsylvania - it's unfortunate that many of Google's satellite photos are years out of date, causing many of these wind farms from the last few years not to appear. Thus I can't determine the exact coordinates of them. However, a mountain ridge a few miles to the south of Centralia has names such as "Locust Gap" and "Locust Summit" on it, suggesting that "Locust Ridge" is probably nearby. I can search Flickr without restricting the search to free photos. That finds at least one copyrighted photo with coordinates:
- This photo and several more are part of a photoset with the title "Centralia". Centralia, Pennsylvania is a ghost town that fell victim to a coal mine fire. The Locust Ridge Wind Farm is nearby in neighboring Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, which Google finds with this search:
This photo is most likely of the Waymart Wind Farm, near Waymart, Pennsylvania:
- http://flickr.com/photos/nicholas_t/1466191560/ Honesdale, Wayne County, as seen from Irving Cliff. (The largest photo size makes the wind farm barely visible along the ridge in the distance: http://flickr.com/photos/nicholas_t/1466191560/sizes/o/ )
21:50, 21 June 2009 (UTC): User:Kubina uploaded a photo of wind turbines in Pa. and he geocoded his photo:
I don't see the photo in Commons:Category:Wind power in Pennsylvania yet, so I might upload it later. The location of the photo suggests it is of the Somerset Wind Farm.
19:03, 6 March 2010 (UTC): here is a KML file which might show the wind farms in Pennsylvania as of sometime in 2008:
This is the html version of the file http://tech.reumer.net/images/PennsylvaniaWindFarmMap.kml. Google automatically generates html versions of documents as we crawl the web.
Copy the data about wind farms from it:
Name = Forward Wind Farm Location = Stoystown Latitude = 40 05'30.59"n Longitude = 78 51'49.02"w MWe = 29.4 Units = 14 Turbines = Suzlon Developer = Edison Mission Group Owner = Edison Mission Group Power_Purchaser = Unk Year_Online = 2008 Name = Allegheny Ridge Wind Farm Location = Ebensburg Latitude = 40 29'09.52"n Longitude = 78 45'57.93"w MWe = 80 Units = 40 Turbines = Gamesa Developer = Gamesa Owner = Babcock & Brown Power_Purchaser = First Energy Corp Year_Online = 2007 Web_Links = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Ridge_Wind_Farm Name = Casselman Wind Project Location = Garrett Latitude = 39 52'21.95"n Longitude = 79 08'09.46"w MWe = 34.5 Units = 23 Turbines = GE Developer = PPM Energy Owner = Iberdrola Renewables Power_Purchaser = First Energy Corp Year_Online = 2007 Web_Links = http://www.ppmenergy.com/cs_casselman.html Name = Locust Ridge Wind Farm Location = Mahanoy City Latitude = 40 50'44.76"n Longitude = 76 08'50.87"w MWe = 26 Units = 13 Turbines = Gamesa Developer = Community Energy Owner = Noble Environmental Power_Purchaser = PPL Corp Year_Online = 2006 Name = Bear Creek Wind Farm Location = Bear Creek Latitude = 41 10'30.08"n Longitude = 75 46'09.60"w MWe = 24 Units = 12 Turbines = Gamesa Developer = CEI Iberdrola Owner = Babcock & Brown Power_Purchaser = PPL Corp Year_Online = 2006 Name = Meyersdale Wind Farm Location = Meyersdale Latitude = 39 47'22.07"n Longitude = 79 00'13.43"w MWe = 30 Units = 20 Turbines = NEG Micon Developer = Atlantic Renewable Energy Owner = FPL Energy Power_Purchaser = First Energy Corp Year_Online = 2003 Name = Waymart Wind Farm Location = Waymart Latitude = 41 33'40.21"n Longitude = 75 26'51.93"w MWe = 64.5 Units = 43 Turbines = GE Developer = Atlantic Renewable Energy Owner = FPL Energy Power_Purchaser = Exelon Year_Online = 2003 Name = Mill Run Wind Power Project Location = Mill Run Latitude = 39 56'58.05"n Longitude = 79 26'34.61"w MWe = 15 Units = 10 Turbines = GE Developer = Atlantic Renewable Energy Owner = FPL Energy Power_Purchaser = Exelon Year_Online = 2001 Name = Somerset Wind Power Project Location = Somerset Latitude = 39 58'52.34"n Longitude = 79 00'32.68"w MWe = 9 Units = 6 Turbines = GE Developer = Atlantic Renewable Energy Owner = FPL Energy Power_Purchaser = Exelon Year_Online = 2001 Name = Green Mountain Wind Farm Location = Garrett Latitude = 39 50'58.13"n Longitude = 79 04'06.11"w MWe = 10.4 Units = 8 Turbines = Nordex Developer = Atlantic Renewable Energy Owner = FPL Energy Power_Purchaser = Green Mountain Energy Year_Online = 2000
I tried to open the KML file in
Wind power in Michigan
04:11, 19 January 2009 (UTC): just now, commons:Category:Wind power in Michigan has no images. See if Flickr has any:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Michigan under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Michigan under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Michigan under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Michigan under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Michigan". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- http://flickr.com/photos/bengarrison/651515643/
- Traverse City, Michigan installed one Vestas V44-600 kW wind turbine in 1996. At the time, it was the largest wind turbine in the U.S.; today it is smaller than the smallest wind turbine Vestas still sells (the V52-850 kW, according to the Vestas Web site).
- Schneider, Keith (1996-07-13). "Utility Customers Put a Premium on Wind Energy". Traverse City Journal, archived by New York Times. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- Schneider, Keith (1996-07-13). "Utility Customers Put a Premium on Wind Energy". Traverse City Journal, archived by
- Traverse City, Michigan installed one Vestas V44-600 kW wind turbine in 1996. At the time, it was the largest wind turbine in the U.S.; today it is smaller than the smallest wind turbine Vestas still sells (the V52-850 kW, according to the Vestas Web site).
- http://flickr.com/photos/green4all/2894522393/
- Mackinaw City, Michigan has two NEG Micon 900 kW wind turbines. The above photo, unfortunately, is not suitable for Commons as it has two random non-notable individuals appearing too largely in front of one of the wind turbines.
- http://flickr.com/photos/notramstolimestreet/2962967700/
- Wind turbines near Ubly, Michigan. Which would be in Huron County, Michigan in The Thumb. That makes these wind turbines part of either of the two wind farms in Huron County:
- Noble Thumb Wind Park in Huron County, under construction as of 11/19/2008, to have 40 GE Energy1.5 MW wind turbines.
- Harvest Wind Farm in Oliver and Chandler Townships, Huron County, with 32 Vestas V82-1.65MW MW wind turbines.
- http://www.greatlakeswiki.org/index.php/Harvest_Wind_Farm_in_Huron_County,_Michigan
- "Michigan Wind 1 Wind Farm Near Ubly, MI Successfully Completed". Wind Today. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- Michigan Wind 1 is part of the former Noble Thumb Windpark (NTW), which John Deere Renewables acquired from Noble Environmental Power in October. The project consists of 46 GE SLE wind turbines and has a total capacity of 69 megawatts.
- Noble Thumb Wind Park in Huron County, under construction as of 11/19/2008, to have 40
- Wind turbines near Ubly, Michigan. Which would be in Huron County, Michigan in The Thumb. That makes these wind turbines part of either of the two wind farms in Huron County:
Stoney Corners wind farm
02:43, 6 September 2008 (UTC): here are some links about the Stoney Corners wind farm in McBain, Michigan:
- Wind Generator - McBain Michigan on YouTube
- Web Exclusive - Massive Wind Turbine Nears Completion on YouTube
- stoney corners wind farm mcbain michigan
- Broddle, Jeff. "Wind turbine - in progress". Cadillac News. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- "The Amazing Size of the Wind Project in McBain". 9&10 News. 2008-08-15. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- http://www.heritagewindenergy.com/projects.html
The American Wind Energy Association maintains a database of wind power projects. Here is the page for Michigan:
but it does not seem to list the Stoney Corners wind farm.
Wind power in Colorado
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Colorado under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Colorado under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Colorado under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Colorado under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Colorado". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
23:28, 20 January 2009 (UTC): those searches do not find much. I only see two photos of modern wind turbines in Colorado. Neither one gives the precise location, but both probably depict wind turbines somewhere in the southeast quadrant of Colorado which has seen some wind power development.
- http://flickr.com/photos/mplemmon/2716429294/ Windmills in Southern Colorado
- http://flickr.com/photos/phillipstewart/496570433/ Rest area on U.S. Route 287 south in Colorado
One or both photos might be of the Twin Buttes Wind Farm or the Colorado Green Wind Farm near Lamar, Colorado.
- Mestas, Anthony (2003-11-16). "Wind Farm Changing Fortune of Colorado Town". The Pueblo Chieftain.
I found some other photos of wind turbines probably in Colorado, in the results of other searches (such as for wind power in Oklahoma):
- http://flickr.com/photos/shog9/2177355444/ Wind farm at Twin Buttes, CO 002 (and several more in a set)
- http://flickr.com/photos/shog9/2177355452/in/photostream/
- http://flickr.com/photos/shog9/2177355462/in/photostream/
This photo shows wind turbines with
... agreements with Edison Mission Group (EMG) of Irvine, California and after repeat orders EMG holds more than 630 MW of Suzlon wind turbine capacity in the United States. Similarly Suzlon's relationship with John Deere Wind Energy (JDWE) started with its investment in several Minnesota wind power projects, but quickly expanded to Texas and recently Missouri. We have also signed a contract with Tierra Energy of Austin, Texas to provide 42 units of the S88-2.1 MW wind turbine for projects located in Wyoming and Texas. Suzlon’s contract with PPM Energy, a leader in optimized wind energy solutions, calls for delivery of 700 MW over the next few years.
Wind power in Montana
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Montana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Montana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Montana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Montana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Montana". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
The searches find two photos, neither is clear about the location:
- http://flickr.com/photos/mahalie/2747878301/in/photostream/ Hooterites Eco Village
- The above photo might be one of Dave Healow's projects near Harlowton, Montana. Montana's largest wind farm is north of Harlowton near Judith Gap, Montana. I count 19 older-looking wind turbines in the above photo; the AWEA project page for Montana says Dave Healow has installed 23 refurbished Nordtank wind turbines at various sites in Montana. Googling for Healow doesn't find much. He seems to buy refurbished wind turbines from California's wind farms, and set them up to power irrigation pumps in Montana. His company is Montana Marginal Energy - it's pretty marginal all right, it doesn't even seem to have its own Web site, but it does show up in entries on a Google search. I could write to Mr. Healow and ask if the photo shows one of his projects.
- I googled some more and I think this photo is of the Hutteritecolony's wind farm. See:
- I googled some more and I think this photo is of the
- The above photo might be one of Dave Healow's projects near Harlowton, Montana. Montana's largest wind farm is north of Harlowton near Judith Gap, Montana. I count 19 older-looking wind turbines in the above photo; the AWEA project page for Montana says Dave Healow has installed 23 refurbished Nordtank wind turbines at various sites in Montana. Googling for Healow doesn't find much. He seems to buy refurbished wind turbines from California's wind farms, and set them up to power irrigation pumps in Montana. His company is Montana Marginal Energy - it's pretty marginal all right, it doesn't even seem to have its own Web site, but it does show up in entries on a Google search. I could write to Mr. Healow and ask if the photo shows one of his projects.
- http://flickr.com/photos/capricious/194549649/ windmill farm.
- The image tags include the word "glacier". This might be the Glacier I wind farm under construction near Ethridge, Montana. Except that the photo date is July 20, 2006, making it too early (probably) to be a wind farm under construction in 2008-2009. If the photo is really from Montana, the only wind farm of that size in Montana in 2006 was the Judith Gap Wind Farm. See if it is on a road that links to Glacier National Park; maybe the photographer saw the wind farm on the way to Glacier.
- http://www.panoramio.com/photo/8879796 - according to this (non-free) photo, Judith Gap Wind Farm is on US-191south of the town of Judith Gap.
Flickr has 34 images of the Judith Gap Wind Farm when I search for the name with no license restrictions:
See if any are free:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Judith Gap Wind Farm under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
The search for free images finds zero. What is wrong with people? Why do they copyright photos that they upload to Flickr? All that does is prevent some people from seeing their photos. They are already giving away their work. Why gum it up with pointless copyright restrictions?
Wind power in Oklahoma
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Oklahoma under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Oklahoma under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Oklahoma under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Oklahoma under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Oklahoma". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
Those searches find quite a few photos; some are even geotagged. I like these photos of a wind turbine blade on public display at Weatherford, Oklahoma:
- http://flickr.com/photos/49024304@N00/2642750096/ One Turbine Blade
- http://flickr.com/photos/49024304@N00/2641925283/ Poster at the blade display
Wind power in Rhode Island
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Rhode Island under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Rhode Island under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Rhode Island under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Rhode Island under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Portsmouth Abbey School under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Rhode Island". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- Portsmouth Abbey School Vestas V47 - look for some more links
- http://www.jonathanhaynes.com/picture-of-the-day/picture-of-the-day/2006/11/25/
- Opalka, William (2006). "Wind Goes To School". North American Windpower. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
{{cite web}}
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According to the AWEA site, the only utility-scale wind power installation in Rhode Island is at the
- http://flickr.com/photos/coollibrarian/386108144/
- http://flickr.com/photos/coollibrarian/391205016/in/set-767463/
- http://flickr.com/photos/spencekarl/212138357/ (the photographer even geocoded this one...and yet copyrighted it. Why God why?)
Ah, but then the U.S. Federal Government comes to the rescue with an image I can upload to Commons with PD-USGOV:
- "Wind Powering America: New England Wind Project: Portsmouth Abbey". United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
Wind power in Massachusetts
08:50, 25 January 2009 (UTC): I've already uploaded some photos relating to Wind power in Massachusetts. See commons:Category:Wind power in Massachusetts. See if I can find any more.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Massachusetts under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Massachusetts under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Massachusetts under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Massachusetts under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Massachusetts". American Wind Energy Association. 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- , based in India. The PS47 is basically the Vestas V47 model, which Vestas Wind Systems proper no longer manufactures.
Vestas RRB India Ltd. has been pioneering the cause of wind power in India since 1987. Vestas RRB is a 100% independent manufacturer of wind turbines, in India. It has a license from Vestas Denmark and a technology transfer agreement for this successful wind turbine type. This turbine type, basically the Vestas V47, pitch regulated, is continuously produced and therefore almost single in its kW-range. World Wide Wind Turbines (WWWT) has a clear and open supply line for this product. Call us for more information.
Massachusetts seems to have an unusual number of sizable customer-sited wind power projects, I guess because the state is densely populated and thus has little room for onshore wind farms.
- "Planned Customer-Sited Wind Projects in New England". United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- "New England Wind Projects". United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- "Massachusetts Wind Activities". United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
02:34, 4 February 2009 (UTC): here are some reasonably good photos of the IBEW wind turbine in Boston:
- http://media.photobucket.com/image/boston%20wind%20turbine/alexeichler/ny%20trip/14bostonwindturbine02.jpg?o=1
- http://media.photobucket.com/image/boston%20wind%20turbine/alexeichler/ny%20trip/14bostonwindturbine03.jpg?o=2
However, the photo is on Photobucket which probably means we cannot upload it to Commons. I would have to convince the photo's owner to post it on Flickr under a suitably free license, so I could upload it from there to Commons.
22:09, 15 October 2009 (UTC): a source about the Vestas wind turbines in Hull, Massachusetts:
Wind power in Indiana
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Indiana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Indiana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Indiana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Indiana under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Indiana". American Wind Energy Association. 2009-03-31. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
Some links about wind power in Benton County, Indiana (e.g., the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm and the Benton County Wind Farm):
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=2123 Growing Wind Industry Great, But Have to Grow a Workforce
- Date: 1/19/2009; Location: IN; Stacia Cudd, National Association of Farm Broadcasting News Service.
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=2120 One County, 646 Wind Turbines: Electricity an Exported Commodity
- Date: 12/10/2008; Location: IN; Stacia Cudd, National Association of Farm Broadcasting News Service.
Here are some photos to upload from
- http://flickr.com/photos/indywriter/2463496391/ Installing a wind turbine @ The Time Factory
- http://flickr.com/photos/indywriter/2464325612/in/photostream/ Installing a wind turbine @ The Time Factory, plus see the image pages for more information about this wind turbine at the Time factory in Indianapolis.
- http://flickr.com/photos/vax-o-matic/sets/72157605884934129/ Benton County Wind Farm
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/glouis/sets/72157606797431199/ and another
- Unfortunately, that second photo set is licensed as "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License" which is not a free license. So I cannot upload its photos to Commons.
21:29, 21 June 2009 (UTC): I edited these articles a little:
I asked the uploader to clarify the camera location of File:Benton County wind turbines.png. I think that is a photo of the Benton County Wind Farm, but at the moment the photo illustrates the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm article. I uploaded some photos of Fowler Ridge from Flickr, and I found some more to upload. See Commons:Category:Fowler Ridge Wind Farm. I will straighten out the photos later.
Meadow Lake Wind Farm
19:31, 16 March 2010 (UTC): I found a map showing the layout of the Meadow Lake Wind Farm in a PDF file linked from this page:
- "Meadow Lake Wind Farm". White County Economic Development. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
The PDF file looks like a scan of a printed document from Horizon Wind Energy, the wind farm developer:
- "Meadow Lake Update" (PDF). Horizon Wind Energy. 2009-07-15. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
The document and the site display no notice of copyright, so assume they are copyrighted. Maybe I could draw my own version of the map in
- Figure out how to print the map to a PNG from the PDF file, perhaps using Ghostscript under Cygwin, or perhaps it would be easier to just take a screenshot of the page with the map.
- Rotate the map 90 degrees since it is printed sideways in the PDF file.
- Load the map into a raster layer in QGIS, somehow.
- Install the OpenStreetMap plug-in in QGIS.
- Download OpenStreetMap data for Indiana, or at least for the subset of Indiana covered by the map.
- Line up the raster map layer over the OpenStreetMap layer in a compatible projection (maybe equirectangular projection since that is standard for online mapping software, and the map region spans only a few counties so spatial distortions are likely to be minor).
- Edit a new vector map layer, digitizing from the windfarm layout polygons on the PNG from the PDF file.
- Generate an SVG map combining my vector layer with the OpenStreetMap layer as a base map.
- Maybe pretty up the SVG map in Inkscape.
Wiser Indiana
Wiser Indiana is a renewable energy advocacy group. Study their site and see if it contains any information useful in Wikipedia articles.
Sources
19:42, 20 March 2010 (UTC): some sources I ran across which I might work into the various Wind power in Indiana articles:
- Scott, allen (2010-02-03). "Wind farm funds arrive in White County". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
- Jane, Huh (2010-02-20). "Kansas wind company putting 330-tower in Porter County to start project". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
- "TradeWind plans wind farm in Indiana". Kansas City Business Journal. Tuesday, March 2, 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help)- The LaCrosse Wind Farm is in the planning stage for LaPorte County, Indiana and Porter County, Indiana. The measurement tower for wind resource assessment is in Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana.
- Slabaugh, Seth (2010-02-12). "200-megawatt Randolph County wind farm takes another step forward". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- Randolph County, Indiana is not far from where I am (about 75 miles). The wind farm may start construction in 2011 near Winchester and Union City.
- Human, Daniel (2010-02-17). "Tipton County ordinance aims to attract wind farms". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- Tipton County, Indiana may have wind farms too. Howard County, Indiana already passed a wind farm ordinance.
- "Preliminary abatements OK'd for proposed LaGrange County wind farm". 2/16/2010 4:10:00 PM. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Wersich, Carol (2010-02-13). "Windmills proposed near Downtown Evansville". Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- An article about small wind power in Evansville, Indiana. Evansville is in the far south of Indiana, in the low wind resource region which probably will not see any commercial-scale wind power development for a long time. Wind turbines would have to be much taller, or airborne, to be practical for commercial generation there.
- Slabaugh, Seth (2010-01-11). "Indiana not promoting wind energy like its neighbors". Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- Oddly, as of early 2010, Indiana lacks a Renewable energy standardlike the other midwestern states of Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa. Yet Indiana's wind power development outpaces that of Ohio and Michigan.
- Oddly, as of early 2010, Indiana lacks a
- Slabaugh, Seth (1/25/2010 8:19:00 AM). "Economy, not transmission capacity, threatens proposed ECI wind farms". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Indiana Office of Energy Development - Wind Power". IN.gov - Official Website of the State of Indiana.
- The Indiana State Government page about wind power. It lists the known wind power projects, existing and planned. The page mentions a project I did not see mentioned on the AWEApage for Indiana:
- Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corp (Performance Services) – Randolph County - Under Construction: 2 turbines; 2 MW
- When those turbines go up, they will be the closest large wind turbines to me. More information about these wind turbines, which are two-bladed models:
- Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corp (Performance Services) – Randolph County - Under Construction: 2 turbines; 2 MW
- The Indiana State Government page about wind power. It lists the known wind power projects, existing and planned. The page mentions a project I did not see mentioned on the
- http://www.facebook.com/pages/City-of-Union-City-Indiana/188721739483
There are lots more news sources about these wind turbines that just went online. They are two-bladed 1 MW wind turbines by Nordic WindPower, which was funded by Vinod Khosla. This looks interesting.
- union city indiana wind turbines
- 2-blade Nordic WindPower turbines
- "Community Wind: Randolph Eastern School Corp. & The City of Union City". Performance Services. 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
- Aukerman, Cynthia (2010-02-02). "UC's wind turbines ready to spin soon". Winchester News-Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
- "Nation's First School-City Wind Turbine Project Celebrates Groundbreaking Event" (PDF). Performance Services. 2009-06-12. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
More information is available for the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm than is currently in the article. Work some of this in:
- "The Fowler Ridge Wind Farm , Benton County, Indiana" (PDF). BP Alternative Energy. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- The above source gives detailed information about Fowler Ridge phase I.
- "BP's Fowler Ridge wind farm goes live". Green Energy Reporter. 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- More information about phase I.
- "Second Phase of Construction Begins at Fowler Ridge - Newsroom - Inside INdiana Business with Gerry Dick". Inside Indiana Business with Gerry Dick. 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- "BP Moves into Full Construction of Phase Two of Fowler Ridge Wind Farm in Indiana". BP Alternative Energy. 2009-07-16. Retrieved 2010-03-23\.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help)- Information about phase II.
Wind power in Arizona
Dry Lake Wind Power Project
09:21, 4 May 2010 (UTC): Some notes about an article I'm starting:
- Randazzo, Ryan (2009-05-12). "Harvesting Arizona wind". Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
That news article suggests the wind farm might be somewhere along Arizona State Route 377 between Holbrook, Arizona and Heber-Overgaard, Arizona in Navajo County. That would put the location roughly here: 34°37′43″N 110°21′57″W / 34.628547°N 110.365906°W, where there happens to be a feature called Dry Lake. The article seems to suggest that the wind farm is close enough to the Cholla Power Plant for the wind turbines and the power plant smokestacks to be visible on the horizon together. Given that these structures are tall enough to be visible for miles across a plain, this is plausible.
This user might be working on the same article: User:Calmer Waters/text user page2.
06:52, 6 May 2010 (UTC): Look for freely-licensed photos with {{Flickr free}}:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: dry lake wind power project under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power arizona under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm arizona under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill arizona under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Nothing so far.
This reference gives a better idea of the location (wouldn't it be great if journalists could figure out what coordinates are, so they could specify locations precisely and unambiguously?):
- "SRP Buys Entire Output of Iberdrola Renewables' Dry Lake 2 Wind Power Project". Iberdrola Renewables. 2010-03-18. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
Excerpt:
- "When permitted, the Dry Lake 2 Wind Project will be located approximately seven miles northwest of Snowflake on a combination of private and state lands. The project will be just west of Arizona State Highway 77 three miles east of Dry Lake 1, south of Holbrook and the I-40 corridor."
That would put phase 2 about here:
and phase 1 about here:
Offshore
21:28, 29 April 2010 (UTC): the US still has no offshore wind farms, but Cape Wind just got approved.
- Seelye, Katherine Q. (2010-04-28). "Washington Approves Wind Farm Off Cape Cod". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
This map shows the US offshore wind projects in planning:
We have a {{Location map USA West}} but no {{Location map USA East}} yet. I might create the latter so I can show the locations of these wind farm projects on Wikipedia.
Wind power on campus
04:51, 1 October 2010 (UTC): a list of universities in the US and Canada (mostly) which have wind turbines on campus, or are associated with wind farm projects:
- "Wind Power on Campus". Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
The page does not list this wind turbine: File:North American Wind Research and Training Center 3483764965.jpg of the Mesalands Community College in Tucumcari, New Mexico.
Categories
22:56, 6 October 2009 (UTC): Category:Wind power in the United States by state only had subcategories for two states just now. I added Category:Wind power in Vermont. We should have a subcategory for each state that has wind power articles. That would make it easier to write the remaining "Wind power in state" articles that do not exist yet.
Wind power in the United Kingdom
Interactive Map of Renewable and Alternative Energy Projects in the UK
21:01, 4 October 2009 (UTC): here is a very nice interactive map of (apparently) all the major renewable energy projects in the UK:
This is useful for identifying otherwise mysterious photos of wind turbines in the UK that various users on Wikipedia and Commons upload without specific information. For example:
- File:Benkid77 Promenade, Wallasey 1 090809.JPG depicts the following:
- http://www.renewables-map.co.uk/details.asp?pageid=327 Royal Seaforth Dock(Wind , Operating)
- http://www.renewables-map.co.uk/details.asp?pageid=327
The site links to Wikipedia articles, too, such as
Special:Linksearch shows nobody besides me linking to this site as of 03:43, 7 October 2009 (UTC).
Wind power in Scotland
08:52, 25 January 2009 (UTC): The following searches are productive:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm Scotland under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power Scotland under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine Scotland under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: windmill Scotland under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
A few of these photos are already on Commons, but not most of them. See commons:Category:Wind power in Scotland.
St John Bosco Primary School
While sorting more wind turbine photos on Commons, I ran across an article (St John Bosco Primary School) that should contain one of the photos, but does not yet. The article already has some cleanup templates that someone else placed on it. I might get around to cleaning up the article with these resources:
- commons:Image:St John Bosco's Wind Turbine.JPG - an image of the wind turbine at this school.
- "Eco Schools Programme, St John Bosco Primary School Erskine, Renfrewshire". The Scottish Government. 2008-10-22. Retrieved 2008-12-06. - describes the school and its wind turbine installation.
George Monbiot grills the wind-NIMBY
09:36, 18 December 2008 (UTC):
Template:Infobox wind farm
I'm thinking about making a {{
- Name
- Image
- Owner
- Location (lat/lon)
- City
- State
- Country
- Start date
- Completion date
- Nameplate capacity, MW
- Annual output, MW·h
- Capacity factor
- Number of wind turbines
- Wind turbine manufacturer(s)
- Wind turbine model(s)
- Energy storage system
But first I will look at examples of {{Infobox power station}} in these wind farm articles:
- Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Infobox power station
- Nygårdsfjellet wind farm
- Hundhammerfjellet wind farm
- Smøla Wind Farm
- Hitra Wind Farm
User:Arsenikk started all of those articles. It does look like {{Infobox power station}} lacks some fields we might like to include for a wind farm. There are dozens of wind farms in the world, the number is growing rapidly, and we could ultimately have thousands of wind farm articles. Therefore, a separate infobox for wind farms seems justifiable, since it would add some value.
Template:Wind power
The wind power articles could use more navigation templates. There is no navigation template in Category:Energy templates specifically for Wind power. I will start by making a general one: {{Wind power}} to add to the major wind power articles. Existing templates which are similar or overlapping:
- {{Wind turbines}}
- {{Renewable energy sources}}
- {{Energy in the USA}} (and various other country-specific energy templates)
- {{Renewable energy by country}}
Later I might make additional navigation templates, for example to list the wind farms in various geographic areas, breaking it down into whatever regions can fit on a single template. That will depend on how many wind farms exist in a given continent, country, or state/province. As the wind industry continues to boom, the number of wind farms must eventually become enormous. The U.S. needs at least a million large wind turbines to make a dent in electricity demand and displace some significant amount of fossil fuel consumption.
As usual, start editing the template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2. The categories to consider:
- Category:Wind power
- Category:Wind power by country
- Category:Wind farms
- Category:Wind turbines
- Category:Kites
Naturally, while looking around the wind-related categories, I find a lot of articles that need work:
- OPG 7 commemorative turbine (miscategorized; poor wording; needs standard sections; proper references)
The Wind power article does not mention Kites currently. Kites have applications in load-lifting and ship propulsion. These are of course technologies for harnessing wind power.
19:27, 12 April 2008 (UTC): I got {{Wind power}} into preliminary shape so I created the template proper.
Baseload power
18:19, 3 September 2008 (UTC): a common objection to wind power is its
- "The power of multiples: Connecting wind farms can make a more reliable and cheaper power source". 2007-11-21.
which mentions a journal paper. Find the journal reference, if possible, with {{Google scholar cite}}:
That finds the result:
- Archer, C. L.; Jacobson, M. Z. (2007), "Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms" (PDF), Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46 (11), doi:10.1175/2007JAMC1538.1)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
Cranes
07:46, 7 September 2008 (UTC): does Wikipedia document the cranes for erecting wind turbines? I stumbled across this Web page about the Manitowoc GTK1100 crane, specifically designed for wind farm construction and maintenance:
- "Manitowoc Wind Power Crane". Alternative Energy. 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
- "Wind power is one of the fastest-growing areas for the lifting industry."
I already added that reference to The Manitowoc Company. See what else Wikipedia already says, or might yet need to say, about cranes for wind farm construction.
- Manitowoc GTK1100 crane wind farm
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: wind farm crane
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: wind turbine crane
Replacing petroleum with wind power
18:45, 21 September 2008 (UTC): a common objection to wind power by wind power opponents is that wind power does not significantly reduce petroleum consumption. For example:
- Schleede, Glen R. (2004-12-01). "Wind Energy Will Not Reduce US Oil Dependence". Minnesotans For Sustainability. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
The above essay appeared several years before the Pickens Plan, a proposal to use wind power to reduce natural gas for power generation, allowing the saved natural gas to power transportation.
The
Of course it is somewhat inconsistent for wind power opponents to single out wind power as being a net petroleum consumer, because the same is true of nuclear power, hydropower, coal, and every other form of power generation. They all require petroleum to power the cranes, trucks, shovels, ships, etc. necessary to mine the raw materials and haul and construct the finished equipment.
For any form of electric power generation to pay back its petroleum investment, there must be some mechanism for using the electricity generated to reduce petroleum consumption. In addition to the Pickens Plan, other possible mechanisms include:
- Hydrogen economy (generate hydrogen from electricity, and use the hydrogen as an energy carrier to power vehicles)
- Plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles
- Telecommuting(use electricity to displace (some) personal transportation altogether)
- EEstor which, if it lives up to the hype, could provide sufficiently energy-densestorage of electrical energy, along with fast recharge times, to power heavy-duty vehicles (yes, this sounds too good to be true - not holding our breath on this)
A more rigorous definition of "net energy gain" would be to consider whether an energy technology can power its own construction. For example, can we use wind power to build more wind power (or nuclear power to build more nuclear power, etc.), without requiring other forms of energy? At the moment, no one seems to be doing this yet.
Bird kills
21:39, 8 October 2008 (UTC): another reference about bird kills, to add to
- "Ecologists Allay Fears For Farmland Birds From Wind Turbines". ScienceDaily. 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
Find the paper that the above article alludes to, with {{Google scholar cite}}:
- "The study, published this week in the British Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology" "Dr Mark Whittingham and colleagues from Newcastle University conducted bird surveys on arable farmland around two wind farms in the East Anglian fens."
- author: Whittingham; publication: Journal of Applied Ecology; yearlow:yearhigh: 2008
That finds no results yet. Maybe Google hasn't indexed the paper yet. Google finds many papers by this author in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
Here's an online reference:
- http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/user/accessdenied?ID=121427776&Act=2138&Code=4717&Page=/cgi-bin/fulltext/121427776/HTMLSTART
- http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121427776/abstract
Article Information Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds Claire L. Devereux, Matthew J. H. Denny, Mark J. Whittingham Journal of Applied Ecology Volume 9999, Issue 9999 , Pages - Journal compilation © 2008 British Ecological Society Abstract Received 8 April 2008; accepted 16 August 2008 Handling Editor: Chris Elphick DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI) 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01560.x About DOI
from which I can piece together the citation with the Universal Reference Formatter:
- Devereux, Claire L.; Denny, Matthew J. H.; Whittingham, Mark J. (2008), "Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds",
20:28, 11 August 2011 (UTC): another reference which finds offshore wind farms to have a net benefit for marine life:
- "Offshore wind farms are good for wildlife, say researchers". The Guardian. 2011-08-11. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
Bat kills
Several sections of Wikipedia have discussion of bats and wind farms:
- lead sectionmentions bats and wind farms)
- Bat#Barotrauma and wind farms
- Environmental effects of wind power#Bats
If the mechanism of bat death is in fact barotrauma, and the pressure changes are caused by Wingtip vortices from the turbine blades, then adding wingtip devices to the turbine blade tips may reduce the vortices and associated pressure gradients, possibly mitigating barotrauma, reducing blade noise, and increasing turbine efficiency. See:
- Merchant, J. Shane; Bondy, J. Matthew; Van Treuren, Kenneth W. (2010-04-25-27). Wind Tunnel Analysis of a Wind Turbine with Winglets (PDF). ASME Early Career Technical Conference.
{{cite conference}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help)
A Swedish study examined impacts of offshore wind on bats and found some bat species flew 10 km offshore.
A short article on bats foraging in offshore areas and even perching on the turbines, but some of this info could be resulting from the same study above:
A paper about barotrauma in bats:
Wind power tourism
05:02, 6 September 2008 (UTC): find more references about wind power tourism. Wind power opponents like to circulate scare stories about wind power decimating tourism. However, some wind farms have actually become tourist attractions, to the surprise of their developers.
- wind farm tourism
- wind power tourism
- Young, Kathryn (2007-08-03). "Canada wind farms blow away turbine tourists". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- Muller, Natalie (2008-01-23). "In come the milling crowd". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2009-01-04. - the article claims that most of Australia's wind farms have visitor centers, and several tour companies bring tourists to see them on petroleum-powered buses (a bit of irony there, to burn up the scarcest fossil fuel so people can look at renewable energy being made - too bad it can't power their trip to see it yet).
- Magney, Reid (2007-05-06). "In Montfort, wind is "just another cash crop"". La Crosse Tribune. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
Peak oil proponents predict drastic reductions in tourism, since it is the least essential use of petroleum and thus the first that is likely to go away as oil extraction declines. If this turns out to be true, then wind turbines may have little net effect on tourism, because the tourism industry is going to downsize drastically.
Wind turbines on public display
07:49, 18 October 2008 (UTC): it would be fun to start building a list somewhere of wind turbines on public display. The closest section I have seen is Unconventional wind turbines#Observation deck, which lists two wind turbines that have observation decks open to the public. Make a list of the wind turbines on public display as I find them, and eventually I might find an article in which to list them:
- Lamma Winds on Lamma Island in Hong Kong
- A wind turbine at the Cleveland, Ohio
- WindShare
- Swaffham in the United Kingdom - has a wind turbine with an observation deck open to the public, owned by Ecotricity
- Windpark Holtriem in Germany - has a similar wind turbine with an observation deck
- Brooklyn, Wellington, New Zealand
- Young, Kathryn (2007-08-03). "Canada wind farms blow away turbine tourists". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- Martin, Jeff (2008-10-14). "Schools' wind turbines power learning". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- Holy Name Central Catholic High Schoolhas a wind turbine, but I don't know yet whether it is on public display.
- Wattle Point Wind Farm, South Australiahas an information centre.
- Great River Energy - search for mentions of the wind turbine on this site:
- "great river energy" "maple grove" NEG
- ""Great River Energy Wind Turbine - Maple Grove, MN" Waymark". Retrieved 2008-11-01. - claims that when it was installed in 2007, it was one of only five wind turbines running in a North American metro area, but does not name them. However, this next article does name them as Toronto, Cincinnati, and Boston (with two) (note that the article does not mention Cleveland with its Great Lakes Science Center turbine, nor does it mention the sustainable Wal-Mart in McKinney, Texas):
- Levy, Paul (2007-11-27). "An energy model for all to see". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- McKinney, Texas - has a "sustainable Wal-Mart" with 50 kW and 1 kW wind turbines by Bergey Windpower.
- Boston, Massachusettshas several wind turbines:
- Search the Web with Google for: wind turbine boston
- "Boston's First Wind Turbine Serves as Example". RenewableEnergyAccess.com. 2005-05-18. Retrieved 2008-11-03. - an article about the Local 103 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers which installed the first commercial-scale wind turbine within the City of Boston. The turbine is a 100 kW unit from Fuhrlaender and stands on a 35-meter tower with a rotor diameter of 21 meters. The turbine is visible on Google Maps at coordinates: 42.315892,-71.034086.
- http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/images/newengland/22_ibew.jpg - a collage of some low-resolution photos of the IBEW wind turbine, from a U.S. Government site, so it's a free photo that I could upload.
- http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9079161 - an article that mentions the IBEW wind turbine, and another project that someone is planning.
- Hull, Massachusetts has two large (and one small) wind turbines: Hull 1, a Vestas V47-660kW installed in 2001; Hull 2, a Vestas V80-1.8MW installed in 2006.
- "History of Hull's wind project". 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - http://flickr.com/photos/efsavage/2842389934/in/set-72157607194136907/ - a Flickr photostream showing several views of the Hull 1 wind turbine.
- "History of Hull's wind project". 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
- Kittery, Maine
- "Maine town to unveil new municipal wind turbine". boston.com. 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
- Texas State Technical College in Sweetwater, Texas has a 2MW wind turbine from DeWind it uses for teaching.
- TSTC Wind Turbine TimeLapse on YouTube
- "DeWind Plans Wind Turbine Demo Site in Sweetwater, Texas". BNET Business Network. 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- Block, Ben (2008-07-24). "In Windy West Texas, An Economic Boom". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Texas State Technical College under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- TSTC Wind Turbine TimeLapse on
- Huitengxile Wind Farm in Inner Mongolia, China has 14 visitor centers to accommodate wind power tourism. I cited it in Wind farm#China:
- Zhou, Renjie (2007-08-14). "Residents of Inner Mongolia Find New Hope in the Desert". Worldwatch Institute. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
{{cite web}}
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- Zhou, Renjie (2007-08-14). "Residents of Inner Mongolia Find New Hope in the Desert". Worldwatch Institute. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- Renewable Energy Systems at Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, has a Vestas V29 225kW wind turbine at its headquarters.
- Visit to RES headquarters on YouTube
- "Renewable Energy Systems" Beaufort Court Vestas wind turbine 225kW
- vestas v29 225kW
- "Power from the wind" (PDF). Renewable Energy Systems. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
- Visit to RES headquarters on
- The Schuman roundabout, facing the headquarters of the European Union.
- Wind Generator Brussels Centrum European Union on YouTube
- "Final Report: The European Wind Day" (PDF). European Wind Energy Association. 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- "Wind comes to the heart of the European Union". 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2008-11-20. As part of a series of events to mark the first European Wind Day, wind power came to the centre of the EU with the temporary installation of a 25 metre high wind turbine on Schuman roundabout in the administrative district of Brussels.
- a nice picture that is probably under copyright. It shows the wind turbine at night, but photographed from atop an obviously much taller building, which highlights the utter impracticality of the Schuman roundabout as a promising location for a wind turbine of this height (taller nearby buildings would create severe wind shadow).
- Wind Generator Brussels Centrum European Union on
- Mesalands Community College planned to install a General Electric 1.5 MW wind turbine for instruction.
- Wind: Big plans at a small college in New Mexico on YouTube
- Yearout, John (2008-04-06). "News Release: Rural college has big plans for wind energy" (PDF). Mesalands Community College. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- "North American Wind Research and Training Center". Mesalands Community College. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- "A step-by-step guide to installing a 1.5 mw wind turbine" (PDF). Mesalands Community College. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- "Wind Turbine Specifications" (PDF). Mesalands Community College. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- I found a photo of this wind turbine on Commons:
- Wind: Big plans at a small college in New Mexico on
- commons:Image:Enercon E32 Windenergieanlage.jpg - this photo depicts an Enercon E-32 wind turbine with what appears to be an observation platform below the nacelle. However, the photo caption does not mention the observation platform. Access appears to be by an outside, unprotected ladder. Yikes.
- http://www.auswind.org/visit/ lists several wind farms in Australia that have visitor centers or guided tours.
- Blayney Wind Farm, New South Wales.
- I noticed while browsing the map of installed wind power projects on the World Wind Database site that Vienna, Austria has an urban wind turbine (an EnerconE30), and may have been the first large city to install one. References:
- "Wind energy Demonstration plant – Vienna, Austria". European Urban Knowledge Network. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
- "Wind energy Demonstration plant – Vienna, Austria" (PDF). European Urban Knowledge Network. 2001. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
Technical data: Commissioned: May 1997 Hub height: 50m Rotor diameter: 30m Rated capacity: 230 kW Theoretical annual output: 350–400 MWh/a
In mid 1996, a new call for tenders was put out for the location that had been identified on the Danube island near the Steinspornbrücke bridge. Contracts were awarded in August 1996, and construction completed in October 1997.
I see a commons:Category:Steinspornbrücke, but none of the four photos of the bridge show the wind turbine. Here is a newer wind turbine in Vienna:
- "Wien-Langes Feld windfarm, Austria". Wind turbines and wind farms database. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - American Wind Power Center seems to have this Vestas wind turbine at its museum in Lubbock, Texas:
- Geograph(UK):
See also my notes on #Vestas V27 at Great Lakes Science Center above.
07:35, 2 November 2008 (UTC): I created a Category:Wind turbines on public display as a subcategory of Category:Wind power, so I can group these various wind farms that have visitor centers and public tours. I also started a new section:
which might eventually spin off to a separate article if this list becomes large.
10:06, 4 January 2009 (UTC): while searching for free images on
- Photos most likely of the Gray County Wind Farm near Montezuma, Kansas:
- http://flickr.com/photos/28748264@N03/2712499024/in/set-72157608523149666/ - a blurry shot of the visitor center kiosk. I can just barely make out the words "Gray" and "County" in the metal lettering on the kiosk roof.
- http://flickr.com/photos/28748264@N03/2987855955/in/set-72157608523149666/ - another shot that just clips the top of the kiosk.
- A photo of the Hancock County Wind Center's visitor kiosk (apparently somewhere in Hancock County, Iowa), this time the photo is pretty clear:
- http://flickr.com/photos/timtimes/3059998289/
- 20:49, 4 January 2009 (UTC): I uploaded this to: File:Hancock County Wind Energy Center visitor kiosk 3059998289 e60b6b5a09 o.jpg
- http://flickr.com/photos/timtimes/3059998289/
- FPL Energy visitor kiosk - finds more mentions on the Web about FPL Energy's visitor kiosks at other wind farms. Cool.
- St. Olaf College has this wind turbine: commons:File:StOlafTurbine1WEB.jpg.
- Portsmouth Abbey School has this wind turbine: commons:File:26 portsmouth abbey.jpg.
- Whitelee Wind Farm has some visitor amenities:
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/4951236.stm "Facilities will include a visitor centre and cycle and walking routes."
- Schafer Systems in Adair, Iowa installed a Vestas V29-225kW wind turbine at its plastic-molding plant off Interstate 80 in 1995 (41°29′39″N 94°38′45″W / 41.49415°N 94.645756°W (the wind turbine is visible in this satellite photo)).
- Toloken, Steve (2001-07-16). "Firms explore new ways to power plants". Plastics News.
04:36, 19 January 2009 (UTC): Here is information about wind power at schools in the U.S.:
- "Wind Energy for Schools Project Locations". Wind Powering America, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
That lists a huge number of wind turbines. For example, here's one I didn't know about, a Vestas V47-660kW at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy:
- "Massachusetts Maritime Academy Installs Wind Turbine" (PDF). Renewable Energy Trust Newsletter - Watts News. Spring 2006. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Massachusetts Maritime Academy under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa - this search finds one usable photo of the wind turbine, clearly showing the MMA insignia on the nacelle:
Unfortunately, Flinfo is down yet again just now. I like this photo enough to upload it by hand. That is, just edit the commons:Template:Information myself to be like Flinfo would automatically fill out. I always have to edit the template anyway, since Flinfo doesn't get things right. Actually I don't see how to get all the fields that Flinfo gets for a photo, including the date and time of the photo, and information about the person who uploaded it. I can see a date of the photo, but no time, and when I go to the author's page, it's not clear what I'm seeing. I will wait for Flinfo to come back so I can be sure I'm putting the right information on the photo.
06:48, 8 August 2009 (UTC): the AWEA projects list for Illinois lists a 2.5 MW Clipper wind turbine at a "Sustaiable (sic) Technologies Museum", but I am not able to find any more information about it. That would be one of the biggest wind turbines at a museum I have heard of yet.
- Name: Sustainable Technologies Museum
- Power capacity: 2.5 MW
- Units: 1
- Turbine mfr.: Clipper
- Developer: FPC/GSG wind
- Owner: GSG 3, LLC
- Power purchaser: ComEd
- Year online: 2007
{{Google}} for it:
- "Sustainable Technologies Museum" - finds nothing appropriate
- Clipper museum illinois FPC GSG ComEd
"Sustainable Technologies Museum" may be a garbling of the Sustainable Discover Center in Sublette, Illinois. More references:
- http://www.svcc.edu/news/RotatingHeadlines/2009-04-Wind-Energy-Open-House.html Open House to Launch Sauk’s New Wind Energy Program on April 30
However, the Sustainable Discovery Center does not list a Clipper 2.5 MW wind turbine in its arsenal:
20:48, 18 April 2010 (UTC): the Sénart Square shopping center in France has this wind turbine: File:Eolienne du Carré Sénart.jpg. Google is not being helpful for finding information about this wind turbine.
- http://www.unibail-rodamco.com/unibail-rodamco/pdf/Corporate_Sustainability_Report_2007.pdf - says:
- "Carré Sénart has the first wind turbine installed on a shopping center in France (2001). In 2007 this wind turbine produced 84 MWh. The electric power is provided to the EDF network." (I'm unable to copy text from this "secured" PDF file - I hate PDFs.)
- http://www.thewindpower.net/wind-farm-691-carre-senart-nd-nd.php - gives no data about the wind turbine. Such as the maker. None of the photos of the wind turbine give a clue.
Search in French:
Wind turbine webcams
09:26, 5 December 2008 (UTC): some wind turbines have webcams mounted on their nacelles. The images are accessible over the Internet, and change as the nacelle rotates on the tower to keep the rotor facing the wind. For example:
- "Windpark Grafenschlag webcam". Webcam Channel Austria. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- "Windpark Oberstrahlbach". Webcam Channel Austria. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- http://www.meteotest.ch/cost727/webcam_e40.html - some photos from the (formerly) world's highest-situated wind turbine at Alpine Test Site Gütsch, Switzerland (Enercon E40).
Images of wind turbines
20:31, 4 November 2008 (UTC):
- On Wikipedia:
- //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=windmill&ns6=1&fulltext=Search
- //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=wind+farm&ns6=1&fulltext=Search
- //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=wind+power&ns6=1&fulltext=Search
- //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=wind+turbine&ns6=1&fulltext=Search
- On Commons:
- Mayflower - a third-party search tool that seems to work pretty well, depending on how uploaders have labeled their images.
- commons:Special:Categories lets you look up images by category. For example, these are some categories with photographs of wind turbines:
- Commons has gallery pages that users edit manually. I could add images to these pages, to help organize the wind turbine images, some of which are somewhat scattershot at the moment, i.e., not listed on the gallery pages that could use them.
- commons:Wind turbine
- To-do: list some more
- Commons has user pages also, for example:
I could make a gallery of images for wind turbines on public display.
I made a single-signon account with
00:13, 26 November 2008 (UTC): I have been looking through the many wind power photos on
- Enercon#Gallery
- Unconventional wind turbines#Wind turbines on public display
- Wind power in Austria#Gallery
- Wind power in Italy#Gallery
In addition to Commons, some of the other language Wikipedias have wind power photos that are not on Commons yet, such as from the Italian Wikipedia:
and from the Danish Wikipedia:
Flickr has some interesting photos too. For example, Flickr has a clearer version of an existing photo on Commons:
07:51, 26 November 2008 (UTC): while browsing through commons:Category:Wind farms I saw this image:
which links to this user page on the Dutch Wikipedia:
which is a bit tough for me to read because I don't speak Dutch. See what {{Google translation}} can do:
The translation is almost readable. I looked at the site of Victor Bos and it doesn't seem he focuses on wind power. He had one or two photos that the Dutch Wikipedia uses. The Dutch Wikipedia does, however, have some information about wind power in the Netherlands which I might use in a Wind power in The Netherlands article. See:
09:10, 15 January 2009 (UTC): look for images of the two Enercon E-30 wind turbines in Antarctica that Wind turbine#Record-holding turbines mentions:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine antarctica under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: mawson station under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
No luck there. This page from the Australian Antarctic Division Web site has a nice picture showing the Mawson Wind Farm, but I don't know the copyright status of Australian Government works. I'll assume they aren't as nice as the U.S. Government. Almost nobody is. Google Image search has lots of photos of these wind turbines, but Google does not provide any way I know of to search for free images, and most of what you find on the Web is not free:
10:03, 22 January 2009 (UTC): here is an image like one I would like to make a free version of it in a larger pixel size (actually it would be better as an SVG file and thus scaleable to any size with no loss of resolution):
The image is a diagram showing the scale of a series of wind turbines. It would be cool to make a similar image showing a series of old, modern, and future proposed wind turbines. 21:55, 22 January 2009 (UTC): later I found this source which says the image is from NREL:
- "Perspectives of Offshore Wind Energy development in marine areas of Lithuania, Poland and Russia" (PDF). Strategic Self-Management Institute. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
Murdochville
03:56, 14 November 2008 (UTC): expand the wind farm description in Murdochville. References:
- Jay, Paul (2007-03-07). "Wind resistance: A 'green' energy choice pushing for widespread acceptance". CBC News. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
- Delony, Jennifer (2007). "Centre CORUS To Support Nordic Wind Energy Technologies". North American Windpower. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
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Images:
This is an interesting image; too bad it's under copyright:
Wind power in Italy
10:22, 20 November 2008 (UTC): as of that date, Italy was the largest producer of wind power (7th in the world in 2007) still without a "Wind power in..." article on Wikipedia. Therefore, I started a Wind power in Italy article. I have not started many articles yet on Wikipedia, preferring to improve the existing articles, but this is a bothersome gap. I don't speak Italian, but many words are cognates with English, and in a technical area such as wind power where I am familiar with the topic, I can get by with machine translation.
Wind power in Italy references
Some references:
- On the Italian Wikipedia:
- it:Energia eolica - the Wind power article on the Italian Wikipedia, which may have some useful information.
- Translate Energia eolica from Italian to English - the article is pretty general and doesn't say much about wind power in Italy that I didn't already know.
- it:Immagine:Market share eolico.JPG - a graph with a caption in Italian:
- Market share dei produttori di energia elettrica da fonte eolica (Italia, 2006)
- Google translated to English: Market share of producing electricity from wind power source (Italy, 2006)
- it:Centrale eolica (Translate: it:Centrale eolica to English) - this is just a redirect to the main it:Energia eolica article.
- it:Associazione nazionale energia del vento - the Italian Wind Energy Association (Translate: it:Associazione nazionale energia del vento to English)
- it:Categoria:Energia eolica (Translate: it:Energia eolica to English)
- it:Portale:Energia (Translate: it:Portale:Energia to English)
- search for: parco eolica (Italian for "wind farm")
- it:Centrali elettriche in Italia - lists some wind farms in the large table of power plants in Italy; below is an excerpt of just the wind farm entries, with a second copy of the header row after I ran it through Google translation:
- it:Energia eolica - the Wind power article on the Italian Wikipedia, which may have some useful information.
Lista di
Società | Centrale | Tipologia | Potenza MW | Indirizzo | Città | Prov. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Company | Central | Type | MW Power | Address | Cities | Prov. |
Endesa Italia S.p.a. | Centrale dei Poggi Alti | Eolico | 20 | loc. Poggi Alti | Scansano | GR |
I.V.P.C. S.r.l. | Centrale IVPC | Eolica | 7 | Zona Industriale Loc. Maggiano - Vallata | Anzano di Puglia | FG |
I.V.P.C. S.r.l. | Centrale IVPC | Eolica | 17 | Zona Industriale Loc. Maggiano - Vallata | Monteleone di Puglia | FG |
I.V.P.C. S.r.l. | Centrale IVPC | Eolica | 20 | Zona Industriale Loc. Maggiano - Vallata | Sant'Agata di Puglia | FG |
Sorgenia S.p.a. | Fossato di Vico | Eolica | 0.750 | Fossato di Vico | PG | |
Gamesa Energia Italia S.p.a. | Parco Eolico Durazzano | Eolica | 14 | Monte Longano | Durazzano | BN |
- On the English Wikipedia:
- Energy in Italy
- Economy of Italy
- red link
- Global Wind Energy Council
- European Wind Energy Association
- Italian Wind Energy Association - no article on the English Wikipedia yet, but it exists in the real world as Associazione Nazionale Energia del Vento (ANEV)
- List of renewable energy topics by country
- Renewable energy in the European Union - has the usable Image:European-union-renewables-fr.svg
- Wind power in the European Union - has the usable Image:Wind power installed in Europe by end of 2007.svg
- Wind power#Utilization of wind power - gives some overall statistics of Italy's wind power capacity
- Category:Renewable energy by country
- Category:Wind power by country
- Category:Italy
- External links:
- wind power in italy
- Italian wind energy association
- European wind energy association
- World wind energy association
- "Wind Resources in Italy". Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- "GE Energy's Advanced 2.5xl Wind Turbine Makes Its Italian Debut". General Electric. 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2008-11-20. - GE Energy's latest wind turbine technology has been selected to support the expansion of Wind Farm Serre in southern Italy. According to the European Wind Energy Association, Italy had more than 2,700 megawatts of installed wind capacity by the end of 2007, a 30% increase over the previous year. To help enhance its renewable portfolio, Italy has a set a goal to generate 12,000 megawatts using wind energy by 2020, which could be met as early as 2015 if the present growth rate continues.
- http://www.anev.org/modules/Documents/eodocuments/Potenziale_Eolico.pdf - it's in Italian, and too large for Google to translate, but seemingly very informative about Italy's wind power potential
- http://www.gse.it/attivita/statistiche/Documents/Eolico2008%20condativento.pdf - Google says: The page you requested was too large to translate.
- Title in English: Wind energy Statistical data December 31, 2008 by Statistics Office
Images of wind power in Italy
Images of wind power in Italy on the Italian Wikipedia
Look for images of wind turbines, wind farms, etc. on the
- it:Immagine:Market share eolico.JPG - a graph with a caption in Italian:
- Market share dei produttori di energia elettrica da fonte eolica (Italia, 2006)
- Google translated to English: Market share of producing electricity from wind power source (Italy, 2006)
- it:Immagine:Parco eolico dei Poggi Alti Scansano (GR).jpg
- This file and its description page (Amendment debate) are on Wikimedia Commons. If you are unfamiliar Commons, visit the Welcome page, or read the FAQ.
- it:Immagine:Poggi Alti 10(3).jpg
- it:Immagine:Passo Monte Croce Carnico 1.jpg - someone already appears to have templated this image to move to Commons. Or maybe that was automatic. I translated the text:
- A file with this license can be made available in other languages in Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects if loaded on Wikimedia Commons. Any user can make the transfer. List of transferable images. You can get help from CommonsHelper. Once transferred the file, enter on this page: ((NowCommons | on behalf of the Commons))
- The image looks really good, showing a wind turbine in the Plöcken Pass, I guess. Move it to Commons.
- it:Passo di Monte Croce Carnico has the caption for this photo (Google translated to English): Wind power plant on the Austrian side of the pitch Monte Cross Carnico
This is a productive search, it finds several articles that mention wind farms in Italy, a few having photos I did not previously find:
- http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciale:Ricerca?search=parco+eolica&go=Vai (search for: wind farm in Italian)
Figure out how to
Images of wind power in Italy on Commons
08:55, 21 November 2008 (UTC): several useful images are on the
- commons:Category:Wind power in Italy - which already exists, with one member:
- commons:Image:Buccheri-Panorama.JPG - shows a wind farm in the background of the town of Buccheri, Sicily.
Look for more images on Commons, search for "eolica", the Italian word for "wind". This finds only one image of wind turbine(s) in Italy that was not already in commons:Category:Wind power in Italy, so I added it to the correct category.
- http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Eolica&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns9=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&fulltext=Search
- commons:Image:Centrale Eolica Frigento.jpg - Aeolian generating station nearby Frigento (AV) - Italy. Author: Roberto Petruzzo - 2005 (a town (commune) in the province of Avellino, Campania, Italy)
- Check out this Toolserver tool that finds which Wikipedias have the above image:
- commons:Image:Centrale Eolica Frigento.jpg - Aeolian generating station nearby Frigento (AV) - Italy. Author: Roberto Petruzzo - 2005 (a town (commune) in the province of Avellino, Campania, Italy)
- Search Commons for: wind italy
- REpower MM82 Wind Turbine in Minervino Murge, Italy
That seems to be about all I can find on Commons. Except for these which I first found on the Italian Wikipedia:
- commons:Image:Parco eolico dei Poggi Alti Scansano (GR).jpg
- commons:Image:Market share eolico.JPG
- commons:Image:Varese Ligure - Pale eoliche.JPG
Images of wind power in Italy on Flickr
Look for images on Flickr:
- search Flickr for: wind power in Italy
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillaradio/2401771926/ it:Pedagaggi Wind Turbines, Uploaded on April 9, 2008 by Sebastiano Pitruzzello (aka gorillaradio) All sizes of this photo are available for download under a Creative Commons license. - this photo is very good.
- Pedagaggi appears to be in the Province of Syracuse.
- Unfortunately the license of this photo is: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic, which stipulates:
- Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes.
- No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
- commons:Commons:Licensing says: Wikimedia Commons accepts only free content, that is, images and other media files that can be used by anyone, for any purpose. Therefore, I cannot upload this image to Commons.
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/paolomargari/2460143974/ cartolina dal salento (postcard from salento), showing a wind turbine
- Unfortunately, most of the other wind turbine photos in these search results are under copyright.
- http://www.flickr.com/photos/gorillaradio/2401771926/ it:Pedagaggi Wind Turbines, Uploaded on April 9, 2008 by Sebastiano Pitruzzello (aka gorillaradio) All sizes of this photo are available for download under a Creative Commons license. - this photo is very good.
- search Flickr for: eolica italia - this appears to be a much more productive search; a large fraction of resulting photos are actually of wind turbines in Italy. Unfortunately, most of them look to be copyrighted too.
10:41, 2 January 2009 (UTC): but now I have my
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind power italy under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind turbine italy under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: wind farm italy under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: eolica under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa - finds some photos of Spanish (more) and Italian (fewer) wind farms
The above searches find a few photos, for example:
- http://flickr.com/photos/soleride/sets/72157605156768041/
- http://flickr.com/photos/chiaramarra/1093557976/ (and see the containing set)
- http://flickr.com/photos/soleride/2376075459/in/photostream/ (and see the neighboring photos in the set)
Images of wind power in Italy on the English Wikipedia
07:25, 22 November 2008 (UTC): somewhat belatedly, I thought to try searching for images of wind power in Italy on the English Wikipedia. If I find any, then naturally I would like to
Use my search methods from User:Teratornis/Notes#Image search. That finds a mix of images, some on Commons, and some only on the English Wikipedia. I did not find any new images of modern wind turbines in Italy that I have not already seen. But I did stumble across commons:Category:Windmills in Italy with a couple of photos of antique windmills.
References
17:29, 9 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:
- wind power
- wind power - recent
- airborne wind turbine
- airborne wind turbine - recent
21:55, 8 July 2008 (UTC): other interesting references:
- Reed, Dan (2008-07-08). "Texas oilman T. Boone Pickens wants to supplant oil with wind". T. Boone Pickens, Jr. article. I added it to the Pickens Planarticle.
07:51, 8 May 2009 (UTC): some interesting videos:
- Hendrik Stiesdal answers Wind Power Questions (Part 1) on YouTube
- Hendrik Stiesdal answers Wind Power Questions (Part 2) on YouTube
- Hendrik Stiesdal answers Wind Power Questions (Part 3) on YouTube
- Hendrik Stiesdal answers Wind Power Questions (Part 4) on YouTube
Hendrik is the chief technology officer for Siemens Wind Power, and he answers questions about wind power at Windpower 2009. Topics: why wind turbines have three blades, direct-drive vs. gearboxes, maximum water depth for offshore wind, maximum wind turbine size, horizontal axis vs. vertical axis, troubleshooting in wind farms, and why the oil industry cannot build offshore equipment cheaply enough for the wind industry.
Wind power in Austria
20:20, 23 November 2008 (UTC): I also created a new article: Wind power in Austria. It was pretty easy since I followed the general pattern from Wind power in Italy. I could start the remaining missing "Wind power in ..." articles.
Wind power in Germany
Windpark Klettwitz
20:10, 13 May 2009 (UTC): Windpark Klettwitz may be (or have been) the largest wind farm in Europe. It does not appear on List of onshore wind farms.
- http://wiki.lausitzerleben.de/lausitzwiki/index.php/Windpark_Klettwitz - an article in German on Lausitzwiki
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Windpark Klettwitz under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
The windpark is apparently adjacent to
so I Googled around and found they must be part of Windpark Klettwitz.
- {{Coord}} 51°31′49″N 13°52′27″E / 51.5302°N 13.8741°E - the wind turbines are visible in Google Maps, between an old open-pit coal mine and the EuroSpeedway, but this wind farm does not look very large. The entry here says it only has 17 turbines with a total nameplate capacity of 2.28 MW:
- http://www.thewindpower.net/champ-eolien-3322-klettwitz-nd-nd.php
- However, the Google Maps photo clearly shows one field with 17 turbines and adjacent field with 19 turbines, which agrees with the following source, a site for kids which clears things up:
- http://www.thewindpower.net/champ-eolien-3322-klettwitz-nd-nd.php
- http://www.kids4offshore.eu/content/view/52/91/lang,english/
- "Klettwitz in Brandenburg, Germany, was temporarily the biggest wind farm in Europe. It was built at a former mining area for brown coal in 1999. 38 wind turbines (Vestas V80) ..."
The Wind power database entry sounds incorrect, as the Vestas V80 has a nameplate capacity of 1.8 MW. 29*1.8 = 52.2 MW.
Gütsch windfarm, Switzerland: formerly the world's highest
While I was reading some sources about wind power in Austria, I read about the highest large-scale wind turbine in the world, at Gütsch windfarm, Switzerland near Andermatt. It's an Enercon E40/600 at an elevation of 2,330 m.
- Winkelmeier, Hans (2004). "Alpine Wind Harvest Report No. A/I-2/3.1./5, Work Package 03: Technological Aspects" (PDF). Friedburg. pp. pp. 9. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
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See #Wind power in Argentina on this page for the current high-altitude record-holding wind turbine as of 23:48, 16 April 2010 (UTC).
Wind power in Argentina
Barrick Gold Corporation's Veladero wind turbine
21:41, 29 November 2008 (UTC): the record for highest-elevation single large-scale wind turbine goes to this one by
- "Barrick Gold Starts Up World's Highest-Altitude Wind Turbine in Argentina, an Industrial Info News Alert". Reuters. 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
I added a note about that to both of those topics.
20:34, 16 April 2010 (UTC): a Spanish Wikipedia user uploaded a photo and two diagrams almost certainly about this wind turbine at the Barrick Gold Corporation's Veladero mine:
- File:Veladero_01.png - it would be nice to determine the location of this wind turbine.
- File:Veladero 02.png
- File:Veladero 03.png
- Del Veladero
- es:Veladero (generador eólico) (Translate es:Veladero (generador eólico) to English
)
Figure out where the Veladero mine is.
- http://www.barrick.com/GlobalOperations/SouthAmerica/Veladero/default.aspx
- "The Veladero mine is located in the San Juan Province of Argentina, immediately to the south of the Pascua-Lama property in the highly prospective Frontera District. The property is located at elevations of 4,000 and 4,850 metres above sea level, approximately 320 kilometres northwest of the city of San Juan."
- http://www.barrick.com/Theme/Barrick/files/mine_images/Zaldivar_Pascua_LgRev.jpg - a map that shows roughly the location near the Chile-Argentina border.
- File:PascuaLamaPlanMap.png - a map of the nearby Pascua-Lama property
One would think a massive open-pit gold mine would be big enough to show up on Google Maps.
- "DeWind D8.2 HE 50Hz Veladero, Argentina" (PDF). DeWind. Retrieved 2010-04-16. - an information brochure from DeWind giving some technical details of the Veladero wind turbine, but again no precise coordinates.
- http://www.infomine.com/index/properties/VELADERO.html - that page gives approximate coordinates:
- 29°21′0″S 69°59′0″W / 29.35000°S 69.98333°W - the actual mine may be 3 km southeast of this location; some buildings and roads are visible on Google Maps.
- Pascua-Lamagives coordinates of the mine which is to the northwest of Veladero.
- Barrick - Generador eólico en Veladero on YouTube- a video showing the wind turbine construction
San Jorge Basin
05:02, 6 September 2008 (UTC):
- "Energy Overview of Argentina". www.geni.org. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
Other language Wikipedias
10:47, 28 November 2008 (UTC): the other language Wikipedias have some coverage of wind power not in the English Wikipedia yet. Try to see what they have. Where possible, add interlanguage links to the various "Wind power in ..." articles.
23:13, 29 November 2008 (UTC): I just created {{Translate wikipedia}} to give a more compact syntax for machine-translating these articles to English.
German Wikipedia
Google translates "Wind power in Germany" as "Windenergie in Deutschland". The Wind power in Germany article does not yet have an interlanguage link to the German Wikipedia. See if the German Wikipedia has an article with that title:
- Commons that have incomplete descriptions there, such as this one which the de: says is in Luxembourg:
Articles about wind power in the German Wikipedia:
- de:Liste von Windkraftanlagenherstellern - Translate de:Liste von Windkraftanlagenherstellern to English
Spanish Wikipedia
The Wind power in Spain article has a link to its counterpart in the Spanish Wikipedia:
Danish Wikipedia
Italian Wikipedia
- this article has a great photo of a wind turbine in the pass (actually on the Austrian side):
The future of wind power
Denmark plans to build very large offshore wind turbines, with nameplate capacity between 8 and 12 MW, 170m hub height, 200m rotor diameter:
- "Denmark Plans for the Supersize Wind Turbines of the Future". COP15, United Nations Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen 2009, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). 2008-08-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
08:33, 24 July 2009 (UTC): that link seems to have broken, the page is now here:
EROEI
22:30, 8 May 2009 (UTC): several articles on Wikipedia give conflicting information about the
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: EROEI wind turbine - unfortunately these search results contain many false positives, because {{EROEI.
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: wind turbine energy payback
- EROEIsays:
- "Currently (2006) the EROEI of wind energy in North America and Europe is about 20:1 which has driven its adoption."
- "Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines". Danish Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2009-01-17.
- "Currently (2006) the EROEI of wind energy in North America and Europe is about 20:1 which has driven its adoption."
- Actually the cited paper claims an EROEI of 80 for 600-kW wind turbines in 1996. The smaller 10-30 kW wind turbines of 1980 had an EROEI of 20. (Possibly today's larger 1-5 MW wind turbines have an even better EROEI.) The citation is to a summary page on the Danish Wind Energy Association Web site, which links to a much more detailed paper:
- Søren Krohn (1995-12-05). "The Energy Balance of Modern Wind Turbines" (PDF). Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- Environmental effects of wind powergives two different figures:
- "The initial carbon dioxide emissions "pay back" is within about 9 months of operation for off shore turbines."
- "Vestas: Life Cycle Assessments (LCA)". Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- The energy return on investment(EROI) for wind energy is equal to the cumulative electricity generated divided by the cumulative primary energy required to build and maintain a turbine. The EROI for wind ranges from 5 to 35, with an average of around 18. EROI is strongly proportional to turbine size, and larger late-generation turbines are at the high end of this range, at or above 35.
- Nate Hagens (October 19, 2006). "Energy from Wind: A Discussion of the EROI Research". pp. Figure 2. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
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- Nate Hagens (October 19, 2006). "Energy from Wind: A Discussion of the EROI Research". pp. Figure 2. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- "The initial carbon dioxide emissions "pay back" is within about 9 months of operation for off shore turbines."
Intermittency/variability and backup requirements
19:32, 24 July 2009 (UTC): a feature of wind power is its
The
- Gross, R; Heptonstall, P; Anderson, D; Green, T; Leach, M; & Skea, J (March 2006), The Costs and Impacts of Intermittency, UK Energy Research Centre, )
Read the paper and see whether it adds anything useful to Wind power in the United Kingdom#Capacity factor and back-up controversy.
Another reference, which sounds like a report about Desertec:
- Murray, James (2010-03-29). "Researchers conclude 100 per cent renewable electricity supply is feasible". BusinessGreen. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
- "100% Renewable Electricity – A roadmap to 2050 for Europe and North Africa". PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2010-03-26. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
Wind turbine logistics
An interesting article about the difficulties of moving wind turbine components around the world:
- Franken, Marcus (2008). "Heavy Duty". New Energy. p. 28. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
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Wind power in Mexico
Mexico lags far behind its neighbor to El Norte, but has some wind power. Wikipedia has no Wind power in Mexico article yet, but does have Electricity sector in Mexico#Wind. Here is a new wind farm at La Ventosa, Oaxaca, which apparently more than doubles Mexico's installed wind power capacity:
- Stevenson, Mark (2009-01-22). "Mexico fires up $550 million wind farm". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- Hawley, Chris (2009-06-16). "Clean-energy windmills a 'dirty business' for farmers in Mexico". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
- "EDF EN commande 27 éoliennes Clipper" (in French). World wind power database. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- "ACCIONA invierte 550 millones de dólares en el mayor parque eólico de Latinoamérica para suministrar electricidad a CEMEX en México" (in Spanish). Acciona Energy. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
Wind power in Africa
- Rice, Xan (2009-07-29). "Kenya to build Africa's biggest windfarm". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
Various articles that mention wind power
04:25, 3 January 2009 (UTC): Wikipedia has several articles that mention wind power in the context of something else. Sometimes these articles do not cover wind power as well as the main wind power articles do. For example:
- Environmental effects of wind power, with good citations there.
- High Plains (United States) - mentions wind power even more briefly than Great Plains#Wind power which I previously worked on a bit.
Look at Special:Whatlinkshere/Wind power and see if the articles that mention wind power have coverage that is up to the quality standard of our main wind power articles.
Wind resources
08:13, 24 June 2009 (UTC): here is a popular press article about a journal article that has some updated estimates of wind resources of various countries:
- Hance, Jeremy (2009-06-22). "Wind could power the entire world". Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Sloppy reference to the underlying scholarly paper:
Xi Lu, Michael McElroy, and Juha Kiviluoma. Global potential for wind generated electricity. PNAS Early Online Edition for the week of June 22, 2009. doi/10.1073/pnas.0904101106
Find it with {{Google scholar cite}}:
21:47, 27 June 2009 (UTC): Google does not find the paper yet. Here is the abstract page from the PNAS site, and a free PDF of the whole paper:
- http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/06/19/0904101106.abstract?sid=6c07bfa9-a734-4a53-a2e5-0f03c2ed72e1 (abstract)
- http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/06/19/0904101106.full.pdf+html (full text)
Manually put it into a {{Cite journal}} template:
- Lu, Xi; McElroy, Michael B.; Kiviluoma, Juha (2009-06-22). "Global potential for wind generated electricity" (PDF). PMID 19549865. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
The paper looks interesting. It has some maps of wind resource potential which would be nice to duplicate in free content SVG versions, if we can get the underlying data. Incorporate this information in articles that mention wind resource estimates.
Search with {{Google scholar cite}} for papers by the coauthors:
- Kiviluoma, J.; Holttinen, H., "Impacts of wind power on energy balance of hydro dominated power system" (PDF), Proc. European Wind Power Conference, retrieved 2009-06-28
The authors are from VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, but I don't see a field for putting that into a {{Citation}} template. There is a location
field, but that seems to apply to the conference where the authors presented the paper. The conference was:
- http://www.ewec2006proceedings.info/index2.php?page=searchresult&searchin=3
- Session: Integrating wind into electricity markets
- Chair(s):
- Christian Kjaer, European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), Belgium
- Poul-Erik Morthorst, Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark
- Business & Policy Track / Session Code: BB1
- Tuesday, 28 February 2006, 09:00 - 10:30
- Chair(s):
- Session: Integrating wind into electricity markets
Offshore
18:23, 23 July 2009 (UTC): here is an interesting paper that describes some construction details from Nysted Wind Farm and Thorntonbank Wind Farm:
Work some facts from this paper into the corresponding articles on Wikipedia.
21:00, 1 April 2010 (UTC): another reference giving specifications for some offshore wind turbines:
- "Offshore Wind Power - Hardware". University of Delaware College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
Work the specifications into the respective articles on Wikipedia about wind power manufacturers.
Propulsion
Here is a paper about a scheme to build Rotor ships:
- Salter, Stephen; Sortino, Graham; Latham, John (2008-11-13). "Sea-going hardware for the cloud albedo method of reversing global warming". PMID 18757273. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
Kite power
22:13, 2 August 2009 (UTC): will this ever amount to anything? See Airborne wind turbine, Unconventional wind turbines#Aerial, Saul Griffith. It's hard to write good articles about airborne wind turbines because everything is experimental and not well publicized.
Griffith flashes a citation of a seminal paper on airborne wind turbines on one of his slides at 1:57 in the video. Find the paper:
- Miles Loyd, Crosswind Kite Power, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.
- Crosswind Kite Power
Incidentally, my {{Google scholar cite}} script appears to have broken. Google Scholar comes up, but there is no {{Wikify}} link under each entry. Oh well, I can still get the citation and manually format it:
Crosswind kite power (for large-scale wind power production) LOYD, M.L., California, Univ., Livermore Journal of Energy 1980 0146-0412 vol.4 no.3 (106-111) doi: 10.2514/3.48021
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: crosswind kite power finds no results, suggesting nobody has cited this paper yet on Wikipedia. So I might work it in somewhere in the airborne wind turbine articles.
We should also have an article about Makani Power, if I can find enough references. We mention in it in the articles: Google.org and Saul Griffith.
Publications
07:28, 8 August 2009 (UTC): I've seen some publications about wind power during my random Googling for references.
- Enercon has a "Windblatt" magazine. Enercon magazine for wind energy, Windblatt
- http://www.enercon.de/www/en/windblatt.nsf/vwAnzeige/66BD14BABA22BCA2C12573A7003FA82E/$FILE/WB-0407-en.pdf ENERCON Magazine for wind energy Issue 04 | 2007
- http://www.horizonwind.com/images_projects/arrowsmith/permit/ARR_App_4_turbine_Specs.pdf Vestas V82 and V90 Wind Turbine Specifications, and the Vestas V100 Wind Turbine Product Brochure
Statistics
02:51, 26 August 2009 (UTC): it would be nice to complete the table "Annual Wind Power Generation (TWh) and total electricity consumption(TWh) for 10 largest countries" at the bottom of Wind power#Wind power usage. A possibly helpful reference:
- "World Wind Energy Report 2008" (PDF). World Wind Energy Association. February 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Data current missing from the table:
- Year 2007:
- Three of four world totals are missing: electrical energy generated from wind, TWh; capacity factor of world total wind power plant; % of total electrical energy generated;
total electrical energy generated.
- Three of four world totals are missing: electrical energy generated from wind, TWh; capacity factor of world total wind power plant; % of total electrical energy generated;
- Year 2008:
- All four totals
- All four data items for Germany, India, Italy, United Kingdom
Examine the references other editors used to compile previous years in the table:
- International Electricity Consumption
- CIA - The World Factbook - Rank Order - Electricity - consumption
- BP.com
- 2005 月电力概况 (Chinese)
- 2006 月电力概况 (Chinese)
- Energy Information Administration - International Electricity Generation Data
- International Energy Statistics
Compute the average capacity factor for all the world's commercial-scale wind turbines in 2008. Data from the World Wind Energy Report 2008:
- Annual energy production: 260 TWh
- Total nameplate capacity installed: 121’188 MW, out of which 27’261 MW were added in 2008
The World Wind Energy Report does not give a capacity factor. We can compute it from the hours per year (24 * 365 = 8760):
- 121188 MW * 8760 hr/yr = 1,061,606,880 MWh/hr = 1.062 TWh/yr
- Average capacity factor = 260/1,061 = 0.245
The 2008 report does not contain data for 2007. Look for that:
- "Wind turbines generate more than 1 % of the global electricity". World Wind Energy Association. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
The WWEA figures look to be running a bit higher than the values for previous years already in the table. I'm not sure why. Possibly the earlier table values attempt to count the actual wind-generated electricity in a given year, while the WWEA figures estimate the annual output of wind projects completed through the end of a year. Given that wind power is growing fast, that would be like moving the WWEA figures several months ahead.
Location maps
19:08, 19 September 2009 (UTC): location maps make a useful addition to wind power articles. After I saw the location map in Wind power in Maine, I made a similar map for Wind power in Ohio. A questioner on the Help desk asked about adding one to List of wind farms in South Australia, so I made a sample in Talk:List of wind farms in South Australia#Locator map to inspire other editors, just as I had earlier done in Talk:Cape Wind#Locator map. The following subsections list some issues with these maps.
Pushpin images
The location map in Wind power in Maine uses pushpin images that are difficult to distinguish: File:Green pog.svg, File:Purple pog.svg, etc. The colors are washed out and thus not very different from each other, and the shapes are all the same. It would be better to use distinct symbols such as crosses for decommissioned wind farms, etc. See what other pushpin images are available. Look in Commons:Category:Map pointers.
Generating location maps automatically
It would be nice to generate location maps automatically, for example by parsing a table such as the one in List of wind farms in South Australia with a Perl script.
Articles that could use location maps
Find the other lists of wind farms which could use location maps.
Using other images as background maps
In the Cape Wind article, there is already File:Massachusetts wind resource map 50m 800.jpg with an awkward verbal description of the wind farm site. See if I can incorporate that map into a location map. Presumably this just requires setting the boundary coordinates accurately.
Bioenergy and biofuel
00:57, 30 March 2008 (UTC): edit some articles and templates about bioenergy and biofuel. I don't see biofuels substituting one for one for petroleum any time soon, but biofuels can replace some petroleum for fuel, and perhaps eventually all of petroleum for feedstock use.
I don't see any navigation template for bioenergy; it should go in Category:Energy templates. Such a template could link to representative articles from these categories:
I'm working on this template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2. 07:13, 4 April 2008 (UTC): I edited the template a little. It's shaping up rather nicely. The Category:Biofuels does not distinguish between biofuels themselves, and technologies for synthesizing, converting, and/or refining biofuels from biomass. I might want to create a biofuels technology subcategory. I'm setting up the template with separate groups for links to biofuels and biofuels technologies, respectively. 07:38, 5 April 2008 (UTC): I copied the template to: {{Bioenergy}}.
Miscanthus giganteus
00:52, 18 April 2008 (UTC): the
Some references (to-do: summarize each one):
- Search the Web with Google for: miscanthus 2008
- miscanthus - finds some interesting images
- http://miscanthus.uiuc.edu/
- Long, Stephen (2006-04-25). "Miscanthus -- A Solution to U.S. Dependence on Foreign Oil?". Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- Long, Stephen (08-30-2007). "Giant Miscanthus Opens Up Acres of Opportunity". Retrieved 2008-04-17.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)
- Kachan, Dallas (July 11, 2007). "Miscanthus bests switchgrass, researchers find". Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- "Bioenergy Crops Compared: Miscanthus More Productive Than Switchgrass". ScienceDaily. 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- "Study: Miscanthus More Than Twice as Productive as Switchgrass for Energy Crop". 209.157.64.200. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
- The above page is some sort of blog post, probably not a Wikipedia:Commons:
- The above page is some sort of blog post, probably not a
Copy the
Things to fix in
- The {{Taxobox}} template has a red link in the
genus_authority
field (currently the value is: Keng).- Compare this to the {{Taxobox}} template in Miscanthus, which has the code:
| genus_authority = Andersson<ref name="grin"> {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7661 |title=Miscanthus information from NPGS/GRIN |publisher=www.ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2008-04-11 |last= |first= }} </ref>
- Mention that the plant is a sterile hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, that it doesn't produce seeds, so growers reproduce it with switchgrass, it is perennial and requires little herbicide as it outcompetes most weeds, and needs little fertilizer.
- Dry biomass has almost the same heat of combustion as Powder River Basin coal.
07:24, 1 June 2008 (UTC): I can search more efficiently for journal articles using the {{Google scholar}} template I just made. For example:
- Search Google Scholar for: Miscanthus finds lots of links, including:
- Lewandowski, I. (2000). "Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop". Biomass and Bioenergy. 19 (4): 209–227. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00032-5. Retrieved 2008-06-01.)
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help - Scurlock, J.M.O. (February 1999). "Miscanthus: A Review of European Experience with a Novel Energy Crop" (ORNL/TM-13732). Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Lewandowski, I. (2000). "Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop". Biomass and Bioenergy. 19 (4): 209–227.
Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)
06:20, 20 May 2008 (UTC): fix the messed-up references in
- Talk:Panicum virgatum#New additions on background, heating fuels, forages, and establishment
- Talk:Panicum virgatum#Article needs rewrite
- User talk:SoilMan2007#Wikiproject classroom
- User talk:SoilMan2007#Panicum virgatum
Templates I will need for these complicated references: {{Cite web}}, {{Cite book}}, {{Cite conference}}, {{Cite journal}}.
Here is a page of references for switchgrass which I ran across while searching for the references in our switchgrass article:
- "Panicum virgatum: REFERENCES". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
- Unfortunately, those references are in a plain text format, rather than a format that Zotero or Google Scholar can decode.
The following subsections contain edits to support my cleanup of the references in Panicum virgatum:
Un-numbered references
- Search www.ksdot.org for: switchgrass - this finds a bunch of bids that include a line item for switchgrass seeding, in addition to seeding with several other grasses. For example:
- "KDOT Bid Tabs". Kansas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
- Silzer, Tanya. "Panicum virgatum L." Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
Try to find real citation links for the rest of these sources from the Panicum virgatum article. Add a <strike>
tag to each reference after I put it into a template here. Then I can easily see which ones still need templates.
USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet. Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum L. Plant symbol = PAVI2. 16Jan2001 JKL; 28sp05 jsp; 24may06sjp- "PLANTS Profile for Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)". United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- "Plant Fact Sheet, Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Plant Materials Program. 2006-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
Farmers' motivations for adoption of switchgrass. Hipple PC, Duffy MD. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janich and A. Whipkey, pp. 252-266, ASHA Press, Alexandria VA, 2002.- "Trends in New Crops and New Uses". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
- Hipple, Patricia C. (2002). "Farmers' Motivations for Adoption of Switchgrass—" (PDF). In Jules Janick, Anna Whipkey (ed.). Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Fifth National Symposium, New Crops and New Uses, Strength in Diversity. ISBN 0097075655. Retrieved 2008-05-23.)
{{cite conference}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help
The Biofuels Explosion: Is Green Engergy Good for Wildlife? Laura Bies, The Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4): 1203-1205; 2006- "BIOONE Online Journals - BIOONE Online Journals Access Control". 34. www.bioone.org. 2006: 1203. )
- Bies, Laura (2006-11-01). "The Biofuels Explosion: Is Green Energy Good for Wildlife?". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 34 (4): 1203–1205. . Retrieved 2008-05-24.
- Native Plants Journal. Fall, 2000. Vol. 1(2) http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/ ISSN 1522-8339.
Switchgrass Production in Ontario: A Management Guide. Samson, R., 2007. Resourse Efficient Agriculture Production (REAP) - Canada- Samson, R. (2007). "Switchgrass Production in Ontario: A Management Guide" (PDF). Resource Efficient Agricultural Production (REAP) - Canada. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
The isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass. Lee ST, Vogel KP, et.al. Jnl of Natural Toxins, Vol 10 No. 4 2001 p 273-81.- Lee, S. T.; Stegelmeier, B. L.; Gardner, D. R.; Vogel, K. P. (2001). "The isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass". J Nat Toxins. 10 (4): 273–81. )
Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep. Johnson, AL, et.al. J Vet Intern Med 2006;20:1414-1421.- Johnson, A.L.; Divers, T.J.; Freckleton, M.L.; McKenzie, H.C.; Mitchell, E.; Cullen, J.M.; McDonough, S.P. (2006). "Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 20 (6): 1414–1421. )
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Toxicity in Rodents, Sheep, Goats and Horses. Stegelmeier, BL, et.al. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan UT & ILS, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC. As reprinted in Utah State University Extension Veterinary Newsletter. July, 2005.- Google Scholar found a more recent citation for what is probably the same work:
- Stegelmeier, B.L. (2007). "Switchgrass (panicum Virgatum) Toxicity In Rodents, Sheep, Goats And Horses". Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions. 19: 113–117. ISBN 9781845932732. Retrieved 2008-05-24.)
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help
Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006- I found this reference online with a {{Google custom}} search of the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) site:
- Ball, D.M. (2006). Forage Crop Pocket Guide. International Plant Nutrition Institute. pp. Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)
- Table 33b. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) Ranges for Various Forge Crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006
Planting and Managing Switchgrass for Forage, Wildlife, and Conservation. Wolf, DD, Fiske, DA. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication # 418-013, June, 1996.- Google Scholar continues to kick hiney:
- Wolf, D.D. (1995). "Planting and managing switchgrass for forage, wildlife, and conservation" (PDF). Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication: 418–013. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)
Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses for Forage in Kentucky. Rasnake, M., Lacefield, G. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. AGR-145, 2004- Google Scholar does not find this. But Google finds a PDF link:
- http://www.wildlifemanagement.info/native_grass_mgt.htm
- http://www.wildlifemanagement.info/files/nwsg_12.pdf
- Rasnake, Monroe (2004). "Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses for Forage in Kentucky" (PDF). University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)
Establishing and Managing Switchgrass. Renz, M., Undersander, D. University of Wisconsin Extension, 3/15/07- Renz, Mark (2007-03-15). "Wisconsin Crop Manager newsletter - Establishing and Managing Switchgrass". )
- Switchgrass. Salvo, SK, Brock, BG. Division of Forest Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
- I cannot find this with a Google search: Switchgrass "North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources"
Plentiful switchgrass emerges as breakthrough biofuel. Bob Secter. Chicago Tribune. SignOnSanDiego.com The San Diego Union Tribune. 12/21/06.- Secter, Bob. "Plentiful switch grass emerges as breakthrough biofuel". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
{{cite web}}
: Text "The San Diego Union-Tribune" ignored (help)
- Secter, Bob. "Plentiful switch grass emerges as breakthrough biofuel". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
Switchgrass Profile. David Bransby, Auburn University. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switchgrass-profile.html- Search bioenergy.ornl.gov for: david bransby
- Bransby, D. (2005). "Switchgrass Profile". DOE Feedstock Development Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Web Site, at Bioenergy. Ornl. Gov/Papers/Misc/Switchgrass-profile. HTML, Viewed. 21.
- Bransby, David (2005). "Switchgrass Profile". Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network (BFIN), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
Manually-numbered references
20:51, 24 May 2008 (UTC): several of these are redundant with the un-numbered references above. I only add citation templates here for the references which are distinct.
1. General Planting Guide for Warm Season Grasses in the Northeast U.S. & Canada. Ernst Seed Catalog Web Page http://www.ernstseed.com/switchgrass_planting_quide.htm Ernst Conservation Seeds, LLP, 9006 Mercer Pike, Meadville, PA 16335 Copyright 2007, Ernst Conservation Seeds, LLP. All rights reserved.
2. Lecture notes prepared by Tanya Silzer for lecture titled: “Panicaum virgatum L. - Switchgrass, prairie switchgrass, tall panic grass” www.usask.ca/agriculture/plantsci/classes/rang/panicum/html
3. Southern Forages. Third Edition. DM Ball, CS Hoveland, GD Lacefield. Copyright 2002 by the Potash & Phosphate Institute and the Foundation for Agronoomic Research.
- Ball, D.M. (2002). Southern Forages (3rd ed.). International Plant Nutrition Institute. p. 26. )
4. USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet. Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum L.
Plant symbol = PAVI2. 16Jan2001 JKL; 28sp05 jsp; 24may06sjp
6. Farmers' motivations for adoption of switchgrass. Hipple PC, Duffy MD. Trands in New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janich and A. Whipkey, pp. 252-266, ASHA Press, Alexandria VA, 2002.
7. The Biofuels Explosion: Is Green Engergy Good for Wildlife?
Laura Bies, The Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4): 1203-1205; 2006
8. Native Plants Journal. Fall, 2000. Vol. 1(2) http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/ ISSN 1522-8339.
9. Switchgrass Production in Ontario: A Management Guide. Samson, R., 2007. Resourse Efficient Agriculture Production (REAP) - Canada
10. The isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass. Lee ST, Vogel KP, et.al. Jnl of Natural Toxins, Vol 10 No. 4 2001 p 273-81.
11. Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep. Johnson, AL, et.al. J Vet Intern Med 2006;20:1414-1421.
12. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Toxicity in Rodents, Sheep, Goats and Horses. Stegelmeier, BL, et.al. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan UT & ILS, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC. As reprinted in Utah State University Extension Veterinary Newsletter. July, 2005.
13. Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006
14. Table 33b. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) Ranges for Various Forge Crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006
15. Planting and Managing Switchgrass for Forage, Wildlife, and Conservation.
Wolf, DD, Fiske, DA. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication # 418-013,
June, 1996.
16. Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses for Forage in Kentucky. Rasnake, M., Lacefield, G. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. AGR-145, 2004
17. Establishing and Managing Switchgrass. Renz, M., Undersander, D. University of Wisconsin Extension, 3/15/07
18. Switchgrass. Salvo, SK, Brock, BG. Division of Forest Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
19. Plentiful switchgrass emerges as breakthrough biofuel. Bob Secter. Chicago Tribune. SignOnSanDiego.com The San Diego Union Tribune. 12/21/06.
20. Switchgrass Profile. David Bransby, Auburn University. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switchgrass-profile.html
Images
04:28, 22 May 2008 (UTC): while googling around to resolve the references for the Panicum virgatum article, I noticed this handy template:
with which I can mark images such as this one from the Natural Resources Conservation Service:
Chris Somerville: Development of Cellulosic Biofuels
This is a long lecture about biofuels by Chris Somerville (Director of the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California).
- Development of Cellulosic Biofuels on YouTube
As is common among many in the biofuels community, Somerville seems to be working from the orthodox science assumption that
Wikipedia seems to have no article about Chris Somerville yet, although it has an article about one of his business partners, George Church, as well as the Energy Biosciences Institute which Somerville directs. (I added {{Bioenergy}} to the EBI article.) I could think about starting an article about Dr. Somerville.
At 18:32 in his video, Somerville mentions that he is on the
- Christine Ehlig-Economides, Ph.D. (note the typo in her name in the section heading on that page, hah)
- Mark Stephen Wrighton who curently serves as Vice Chair of the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on America's Energy Future
- Harold Shapiro, President Emeritus, Princeton University and Chair, National Research Council Committee on America's Energy Future; Wikipedia has an article about Harold Tafler Shapiro who appears to be the same person.
At 22:30 he mentions
At 24 minutes he lists several advantages of perennial energy crops. He mentions Miscanthus is a C4 perennial, so you harvest it in the winter, because the plant recycles its nutrients into its root system in autumn. That's why it is a low-input crop compared to annual crops such as maize, which must grow from seed each year. He mentions that perennial plants outperform annual plants because the root systems survive the winter, and the leaves and stems begin growing in early spring, from well-developed roots, before farmers are even able to plow fields to plant annual crops.
At 48 minutes he summarizes the problems that limit algae fuel. Basically, it costs too much to build the containers, relative to the solar energy the algae can capture (only about 20 watts per square meter).
Overall, I would say this is the most outstanding video lecture about biofuels that I have seen so far, probably because it's one of the few by an actual scientific expert. However, Dr. Somerville whips through some of his slides too rapidly for me to scrutinize, and the YouTube resolution makes the text one some illegible. See if I can locate his source materials in HTML format.
Comparison of ethanol production in Brazil vs. United States
05:24, 21 August 2008 (UTC): it would be nice to add some more data to the table in this section:
Comparison of key characteristics between the ethanol industries in the United States and Brazil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Brazil | U.S. | Units/comments |
Feedstock | Sugar cane | Maize | Main cash crop for ethanol production, the US has less than 2% from other crops. |
Total ethanol production (2007) [1] | 5,019.2 | 6,498.6 | Million U.S. liquid gallons |
Total arable land [2] | 355 | 270(1) | Million hectares .
|
Total area used for ethanol crop (2006)[2][3] | 3.6 (1%) | 10 (3.7%) | Million hectares (% total arable)
|
Productivity per hectare [2][4][3][5] | 6,800-8,000 | 3,800-4,000 | Liters of ethanol per hectare . Brazil is 727 to 870 gal/acre (2006), US is 321 to 424 gal/acre (2003-05)
|
Energy balance (input energy productivity) [6][3][7] | 8.3 to 10.2 times | 1.3 to 1.6 times | Ratio of the energy obtained from ethanol/energy expended in its production |
Estimated | 86-90%(2) | 10-30%(2) | % GHGs avoided by using ethanol instead of gasoline, using existing crop land. |
Estimated payback time for greenhouse gas emission[10] |
17 years(3) | 93 years(3) | Brazilian cerrado for sugar cane and US grassland for corn. Land use change scenarios by Fargione et al. [11] |
6.0 million | 6.8 million | As of August 2008 for Brazil (fleet between E25 and E100), and as of April 2008 for the US (fleet is E85). | |
Ethanol fueling stations in the counrty[4][14] | 33,000 (100%) | 1,700 (1%) | As % of total fueling gas stations in the country. Brazil for 2006, U.S. as July 2008[15] and total of 170,000[14] |
Ethanol's share within the gasoline market[16][17][18][19] | 50%(4) | 4% | As % of total consumption on a volumetric basis. Brazil as of April 2008. US as of December 2006. |
Cost of production ( | 0.83 | 1.14 | 2006/2007 for Brazil (22¢/liter), 2004 for U.S. (35¢/liter) |
Government subsidy (in | 0 | 0.51/gallon | U.S. as of 2008-04-30. Brazilian ethanol production is no longer subsidized. |
Import tariffs (in | 0 | 0.54/gallon | As of April 2008, Brazil does not import ethanol, the U.S. does |
Notes: (1) Only contiguous U.S., excludes Alaska. (2) Assuming no land use change.[9] (3) Assuming direct land use change.[11] (4) Including diesel-powered vehicles, ethanol represented 18% of the road sector fuel consumption in 2006.[18][20] |
Specifically, I would like to add more statistics about both countries to put the respective ethanol industries into further context: population, petroleum production and imports/exports,
It's common for people to cite Brazil's ethanol industry to show what would be possible for the United States, but often the boosters fail to mention that (a) the U.S. already produces more ethanol than Brazil; and (b) Brazil uses far less energy and far less liquid fuel than the U.S., so the problem for ethanol to solve in Brazil is far smaller than in the U.S.
Here is a table I may someday expand with more comparative data:
Comparison of key characteristics between the ethanol industries in the United States and Brazil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Brazil | U.S. | Units/comments |
Population (2008) | 187,393,918 | 304,917,000 | 2008 estimates for both figures. |
Algae fuel
05:34, 26 February 2009 (UTC): here is an interesting paper which claims that even under the most optimistic assumptions, the cost of biodiesel fuel from algae will be over $800/bbl:
- Dimitrov, Krassen (March 2007). "GreenFuel Technologies: A Case Study for Industrial Photosynthetic Energy Capture" (PDF).
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
I read the paper and I don't see anything immediately wrong with the reasoning. Chris Somerville of the Energy Biosciences Institute basically agrees - the problem is that photobioreactors cost too much per unit area and convert too little of the incident sunlight into liquid fuels.
References
17:39, 17 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:
Food vs fuel
00:58, 3 October 2008 (UTC):
- "Biofuels driving global oil supply growth" (PDF). Merrill Lynch. 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- "The expanding global economy continues to face oil supply constraints, prompting consumers to become more efficient in their oil use and substitute into other fuels. Helped by a favourable policy wave, biofuels have rapidly become a major source of incremental fuel supply. On a global scale, biofuels are now the single largest contributor to world oil supply growth. We estimate that retail gasoline prices would be $21/bbl higher, on average, without the incremental biofuel supply."
- Goodall, Chris (2008-05-29). "Burning food: why oil is the real villain in the food crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
- Chris Goodell blames high oil prices for high food prices.
Solar energy
Solar updraft tower
17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): this video on YouTube describes a Solar updraft tower pilot plant in Spain:
The most interesting part of the video to me was the observation that beneath the plastic sheeting over the collection area, grasses and shrubs were growing more lushly than in the surrounding scrubby desert. The pilot plant's designers did not anticipate this. Explanation: at night, water vapor condenses on the underside of the plastic sheeting and drips on the ground below it, keeping the greenhouse environment moist. Thus a potential byproduct of these types of solar tower plants could be food or biomass from otherwise non-arable land, without the need for irrigation.
The
Search with {{
Some of the search results look interesting. I will have to study them.
Chipmakers
03:41, 28 July 2008 (UTC): here's an interesting article about the large number of
- Davidson, Paul (2008-07-27). "Tech giants rush to solar power". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
Ocean energy
Wave power
17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): I see no navigation template for articles about
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: wave power
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: wave power
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: wave power
Fraction of world population living near the ocean
18:53, 27 July 2008 (UTC): search with {{
- what percentage of human population lives close to the ocean
- This may not be a reliable source: Hinrichsen, Don (2008-02-19). "Ocean planet in decline". www.peopleandplanet.net. Retrieved 2008-07-27.
- This may not be a
- fraction of world population near an ocean
- _ref name=Cohen1998>Cohen, J. E.; Small, C. (1998), "Hypsographic demography: the distribution of human population by altitude", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 (24): 14009–14014, )_/ref>
Wikipedia has a
Geothermal energy
Geothermal heat pump
23:54, 27 July 2008 (UTC): fix the broken references in the
Microtunneling
00:48, 26 October 2008 (UTC): An article in
- Grant, Paul M. (June 2006). "A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy". Scientific American. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
I wonder whether someone has tried using
A reference that {{Google scholar cite}} finds:
- Geothermal Heat Pumps
- Phetteplace, G.; Others (2007), "Geothermal Heat Pumps", Journal of Energy Engineering, 133: 32–38,
Transportation
Transportation is the largest user of petroleum, and depends more strongly on petroleum for its energy than other areas of the economy (such as housing, electricity generation, industry). This makes transportation especially susceptible to any temporary or permanent reduction in petroleum supply. The problem with transportation, especially for airplanes and road vehicles, is the need for a portable energy carrier with high energy density both by volume and by weight. All currently known substitutes for liquid fuels from petroleum suffer from a variety of economic and/or physical drawbacks, which is why petroleum powers 95% of transportation worldwide. Therefore, to understand the potential impact of a post-peak oil decline in oil supply, one must understand the alternatives available to power the transportation sector - their costs, pros and cons, potential scale, and time to develop and scale up.
A related idea is to understand the non-transportation substitutes for transportation, e.g.
See also #Template:Alternative vehicle propulsion.
Car Sick (book)
George Monbiot cites the book Car Sick in his blog at The Guardian:
- Monbiot, George (2009-04-16). "The flaws in the electric car scheme". The Guardian.
A government subsidy for electric cars is a start, but it is not the best way to decarbonise our transport system
Car-free movement also cites the book:
- Sloman, Lynn (2006). Car Sick: Solutions for Our Car-addicted Culture. Green Books. ISBN 9781903998762.
Google Books has a 30 or 40 page preview.
How many Tesla Roadsters can one wind turbine power?
20:27, 7 August 2010 (UTC): estimate the number of
For the wind turbine, assume a model such as the Vestas V80-1.8 MW which is common in the US for onshore wind farms (e.g., Buffalo Gap Wind Farm). Most wind farms have capacity factors ranging between 20% and 40%. Assume 25% to be conservative. Further assume 10% transmission loss between the wind farm and the Tesla charging stations. Under these assumptions, multiply the wind turbine nameplate capacity times the capacity factor times the number of hours per year times the transmission efficiency to compute the annual energy it can deliver to the Teslas:
Dividing this number by the annual energy consumption of the Tesla gives:
In reality, wind power is an
Because electric cars have built-in energy storage, they should be well-matched to consuming the variable output from wind turbines. Thus it is reasonable to think of the number of electric cars that can be fueled per wind turbine.
Policy
Since I live in the U.S., my primary interest is in U.S. energy policy, but the energy problem is a global problem, so every nation must work together to avoid hoarding and resource wars in the event of a peak oil doomsday scenario and so on.
Energy Policy Act of 2005
01:30, 27 July 2008 (UTC): The
New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence
- New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence - this is a proposal by U.S. Congressman Randy Forbes. The article needs work; it contains typographical errors, and it lacks sources and categories.
Potential categories: look at similar articles such as Pickens Plan to see what categories they are in.
- Category:Renewable energy in the United States
- Category:Wind power in the United States
- Category:Political plans in the United States
- Category:Energy policy
Sources: search for them, with {{
- Search the Web with Google for: New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence
- New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence - search with {{Google scholar cite}}
Apollo Alliance
Here is a video of Amanda Woodrum, Energy Officer, Policy Matters Ohio, host of Ohio Apollo Alliance:
- Amanda Woodrum on YouTube
- Amanda Woodrum
Some presentations by Ms. Woodrum:
Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security
This is a pretty good paper. Get the citation.
- "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security"
- http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/EE/article.asp?doi=b809990c
- http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=EE&Year=2009&ManuscriptID=b809990c&Iss=Advance_Article
Google Scholar finds the paper, when I put quotes around the title, but the Universal reference formatter does not wikify it into a nice citation. So put it into a nice
- Jacobson, Mark Z. (2009). "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security". doi:10.1039/b809990c. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
- Evaluating Energy Solutions to Climate Change on YouTube- a Stanford U. lecture by Mark Jacobson.
Sustainable Energy - without the hot air
19:29, 1 May 2009 (UTC): this is a new book by David J. C. MacKay:
- ISBN 9780954452933.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link - How Many Light Bulbs? From Cambridge Ideas on YouTube- a video featuring David MacKay, illustrating some concepts from the book
In a manner similar to Jacobson's review, MacKay sizes up the energy problem, and explains the scale of renewable energy construction that will be necessary to replace fossil fuels. The book is available on the author's Web site and as a PDF file for free download.
Copyright policy: on the plus side, the author has released the book freely:
This is a free book in a second sense: you are free to use all the material in this book, except for the cartoons and the photos with a named photographer, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share-Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales Licence. (The cartoons and photos are excepted because the authors have generally given me permission only to include their work, not to share it under a Creative Commons license.) You are especially welcome to use my materials for educational purposes. My website includes separate high-quality files for each of the figures in the book.
But on the minus side, his use of a non-commercial license means we
My initial impression is that this book does a very good job of explaining the energy problem to the nontechnical reader.
Page 205 in Chapter 27 has this quote, which is as close as I've seen so far in the book to some mention of virtualizing travel:
Yes, lighting efficiency is improved by a switch to light-emitting
diodes for most lighting, and many other gadgets will get more efficient; but thanks to the blessings of economic growth, we’ll have increased the number of gadgets in our lives – for example video-conferencing systems
to help us travel less.
Renewable energy in the United States
21:38, 15 October 2009 (UTC): an interesting article from The Guardian:
- "US headed for massive decline in carbon emissions". The Guardian. 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
Interesting stat from the article: 42 percent of the diesel fuel burned in the rail freight sector is used to haul coal.
Energy security and renewable technology
14:57, 12 August 2008 (UTC): as with many of Wikipedia's energy-related articles, Energy security and renewable technology needs work:
- It's a brief overview article, so it mentions several other energy-related topics in passing, but not all of these references use terminology consistent with the other Wikipedia articles about the subjects, and not all of them have links.
- The article has no navigation templates. Perhaps we need a new navigation template specifically about energy policy type issues.
- There are several overlapping articles (e.g., Energy security).
Efficiency
19:08, 1 August 2008 (UTC): Wikipedia has several articles about energy efficiency that various people may have edited without being aware of what others were doing. For example, this search finds several:
Including:
- Efficient energy use
- Energy efficiency
- Green building
- Non-nuclear future
- Sustainable energy
Zero-energy building
19:27, 28 August 2008 (UTC): The Zero-energy building article has some problems:
- Not all of the references are in a consistent format; edit them to use citation templates.
- There is no navigation template. {{Sustainability}} is one option, but that template is big and general. A template more focused on energy efficiency, or perhaps just on efficent buildings, would be nice.
- The order of standard sections does not quite comply with WP:LAYOUT.
Degree days
This map is interesting; it would be nice to get this same data as a shapefile, so I could make an SVG file from it:
Super-efficient refrigerators
- http://mtbest.net/chest_fridge.html describes a conversion kit to turn an ordinary chest freezer into a chest refrigerator, requiring only 0.1 kWh/day. Top-opening refrigerators have the potential to be far more efficient than conventional front-opening refrigerators, because opening the lid of a chest does not allow the cold air inside to spill out as it does from a front-opening refrigerator.
- "Chest fridge". Archived from the original on 2011-03-12. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
My chest fridge (Vestfrost freezer turned into a fridge) consumes about 0.1 kWh a day. It works only about 2 minutes per hour. At all other times it is perfectly quiet and consumes no power whatsoever.
- "Chest fridge". Archived from the original on 2011-03-12. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
The most efficient production refrigerators are by Sun Frost. But it appears that all their models are conventional uprights. Even so, Sun Frost claims its refrigerators use only 15 kWh per month, compared to 110 kWh for an average refrigerator. But the chest refrigerator uses even less, around 3 kWh/month.
Search on Wikipedia to see whether any articles have already described the energy savings possible by replacing all the existing refrigerators with the most efficient possible refrigerators.
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: chest refrigerator
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: top opening refrigerator
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: chest freezer
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: kegerator
I'm not finding much. Some people make
I also wonder, has anyone tried integrating a refrigerator with a hot-water heater? The temperature of tap water, in summer where I live, anyway, is colder than the typical air temperature. Cooling the refrigerator condenser with incoming tap water would warm it slightly, making it easier for the hot water heater to heat. Another source of cool fluid to heat-sink the refrigerator condenser would be the loop of a
Search the Web with {{Google}} to see if anyone has thought of integrating these technologies:
The second search finds some links on the first page of results.
New York City
21:20, 8 April 2009 (UTC): New York City is one of the most energy-efficient cities in the United States. This is true with respect to New York City's consumption of energy overall, energy as electricity, and energy as liquid fuels. See:
To-do: calculate what the overall U.S. consumption of electricity and petroleum would be if the entire U.S. was as efficient as New York City. In particular, see whether New York City's efficiency, if scaled to the whole U.S., would suffice to eliminate U.S. oil imports. This comparison is interesting because New York City is an American city which undeniably exists and is a leader in commerce, culture and the arts, science and technology, etc. This makes NYC a more relevant example than cities in other countries, or hypothetical ideas about efficient living arrangements that haven't been validated on a large scale.
- http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=NY Energy Information Administration - State Energy Profiles - State energy data, information, and maps - New York Quick Facts
Steady-state economy
20:06, 18 April 2009 (UTC): this is an interesting paper:
- Daly, Herman E. (2008-04-24). "A Steady-State Economy" (PDF). School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742 USA: Sustainable Development Commission, UK.
A failed growth economy and a steady-state economy are not the same thing; they are the very different alternatives we face.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link)
George Monbiot cites it in his blog at The Guardian:
- Monbiot, George (2009-03-25). "Green oil may buy us new deal for environment — but at what price?". The Guardian.
Any mass investment in a global programme must not be squandered on saving capitalism from itself
The Sustainable development article mentions the steady-state economy, but the presentation seems to differ from that in the paper.
Daly points out the difference between information and other types of products, but he does not mention the physical reasoning, namely that the
Daly makes explicity some ideas I have thought about imprecisely, for example he says:
- Advertising should be taxed rather than made a tax-deductible business expense. It is inconsistent for economists to regard consumer preference as paramount while at the same time corporations are encouraged to use every possible means to shape consumer preference.
- Production of less-than-maximally-durable products should be regarded as a maintenance cost, rather than as contributing to economic output. For example, twice as many of a product that lasts 10 years must be built each year to maintain the existing stock compared to a product that lasts 20 years. Doubling the service life of a product divides its maintenance cost in half, if we view the manufacture of replacements as a maintenance cost.
Electricity generation, transmission, storage
22:44, 5 October 2008 (UTC): the
creates the need for technologies and policies to better match the variable supply of power to the variable demand. This requires some adjustment for the electric power industry accustomed to fossil fuel power plants that turn on when you need them. The various articles about wind and solar power have some overlapping ad hoc discussions of dealing with intermittency. It would be more efficient to place most of the discussion of mitigation strategies for intermittency in articles specific to each technology, and then link to them from the articles about the intermittent power sources themselves. The first step is to inventory the various articles about mitigation, to see what we have.SuperGrid
22:44, 5 October 2008 (UTC): the
- Add sections to distinguish between the proposed (hypothetical) cryogenically-cooled, superconducting SuperGrid, and the currently-buildable lead section.
- Edit the existing references as citation templates.
- Add more references:
- search the Web with Google for: supergrid
- "Supergrid to Supply Europe with Wind Power". The Energy Blog. 2007-11-26. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- Jha, Alok (2008-07-22). "Saharan sun to power European supergrid". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- Jha, Alok (2008-07-23). "£37bn plan to power EU with the Saharan sun". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- search the Web with Google for: supergrid
- See where else Wikipedia mentions the term:
- Add {{Electricity generation}}
Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant
22:44, 5 October 2008 (UTC): I made a few edits. Add an {{Infobox power station}}.
Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant
22:44, 5 October 2008 (UTC): I added {{
Isentropic
20:47, 27 April 2010 (UTC): a thermal pumped energy storage technology for which the inventors claim a lower cost than pumped-storage hydroelectricity:
- Jha, Alok (2010-04-26). "Giant gravel batteries could make renewable energy more reliable". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- "Breakthrough in Energy Storage: Isentropic Energy". Greentech Media. 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- Excerpt: "Isentropic's Pumped Heat Electricity Storage (PHES) system is based on the First Ericsson cycle and uses a heat pump to store electricity in thermal form."
- http://www.isentropic.co.uk/index.php?page=technology
Related links:
- Brayton cycle
- Isentropic process
- Grid energy storage
- Energy storage
- Category:Renewable energy storage technology
- Seasonal thermal store
- Outline of energy storage
I don't see any mentions of this energy storage technology on Wikipedia yet.
Lists of power stations
00:10, 8 May 2010 (UTC): Wikipedia has lists of power stations that follow various styles of naming, layout, and topical organization. There are lists for some US states, e.g.:
- List of power stations in California
- List of power stations in Florida
- List of generating stations in Indiana 23:32, 8 May 2010 (UTC): I moved this to: List of power stations in Indiana
- List of power stations in Illinois
- List of power stations in New Jersey
- List of power stations in New York
- List of power stations in Oregon
- List of power stations in Pennsylvania
- List of power stations in Virginia
- List of power stations in Washington
- List of power stations in Wisconsin
- List of power stations in South Carolina
- {{PowerStationsUnitedStates}}
- Category:Power stations in the United States
and countries, e.g.:
- List of power stations in the United States
- List of power stations in Canada
- List of power stations in England
- List of power stations in New Zealand
- List of power stations in Malaysia
- List of power stations in Scotland
- {{PowerStations}}
and lists for generating stations by type, e.g.:
- List of solar thermal power stations
- List of nuclear power stations
- List of largest power stations in the world
- List of photovoltaic power stations
and by type and country or region:
- List of reservoirs and dams in Canada
- Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
I'm focusing on lists of power stations for the US states just now. There is a {{
Clearly,
- {{Generating Stations in Indiana}}
- {{Generating stations in Arizona}}
to:
- {{Power stations in Indiana}} - 23:32, 8 May 2010 (UTC): I might not bother to rename this template
- {{Power stations in Arizona}}
Search for more:
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: power stations
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: generating stations
I would like to make these state lists:
- List of power stations in Arizona - 23:32, 8 May 2010 (UTC): I started this.
- List of power stations in Ohio
See what information sources the other lists use.
- SourceWatch- has listings for some coal-fired power plants
Energy transportation
06:35, 25 May 2010 (UTC): it would be interesting to develop an article (or expand the section: Energy development#Energy transportation) to compare all the major existing or proposed methods of transporting energy, in terms of investment cost, bandwidth, and energy cost to transport a unit of energy. For example, how does transporting coal by railroad compare to transmitting electricity in a power grid? Some forms of energy transportation to compare:
- Alternating current transmission
- High-voltage direct current transmission
- Microwave transmission
- Laser transmission
- Oil pipeline (and gas pipeline, coal slurry pipeline, ethanol pipeline)
- Oil tanker/barge
- Rail transport
- Truck transport
- Embedded energy of finished goods (e.g. locating aluminum smelters near hydroelectric plants, and shipping bauxite to and aluminum from them)
Energy cost
21:42, 24 July 2010 (UTC): the cost of energy from various sources comes up repeatedly in any discussion of energy policy. Since energy is rarely a final product in itself, but is instead merely a means to obtain other desirable goods and services (such as heating, cooling, transport, food, etc.), everybody seems to want the cheapest energy. Debates about energy alternatives typically involve debates about what the various alternatives "really" cost. Consider making a navigation template for articles relating to energy costs.
- Levelised energy cost
- Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources
- Economics of new nuclear power plants
- Renewable energy credit
- Cost of electricity by source
- Energy economics
- Category:Energy economics
- Wind power grid integration
Hydro
08:06, 29 October 2008 (UTC): hydropower is a very mature technology. The first commercial power plants in the 1800s were hydroelectric plants. The U.S. has already tapped most of its hydroelectric capacity. However, there are many smaller dams for navigation and flood control that could have small power plants, but currently do not. Make a list of some in my area.
Hydro plants are perhaps the most desirable power plants to have on a grid, especially in conjunction with
Untapped hydroelectric potential of the Ohio River
09:02, 2 November 2008 (UTC): find some links:
Captain Anthony Meldahl Locks and Dam
08:06, 29 October 2008 (UTC): Wikipedia needs an article on the Captain Anthony Meldahl Locks and Dam. It would be a
- Nolan, Michael (2007-07-18). "Utility Adds Hydro To Locks and Dams". Engineering News Record. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
- 30 feet of head. 105 MW capacity. American Municipal Power-Ohio.
- "Captain Anthony Meldahl Lock - Ohio R. Locks and Dams". United States Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
- Captain Anthony Meldahl Locks and Dam is at mile marker 436 on the Ohio River. It creates a 95 mile navigational pool between Meldahl Locks and Dam and Greenup Locks and Dam. The dam is between Neville, Ohio and Chilo, Ohio.
- Mitchell, Wendy (2009-04-28). "Meldahl dam environmental assessment available". The Ledger Independent. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- Meldahl Dam Hydroelectric project
Search for photos with {{Flickr free}}:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Meldahl Dam under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Bracken County Kentucky dam under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Both searches come up dry. This search finds lots of photos, but I will have search through them manually to look for photos of the dam:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: Ohio River Kentucky under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
This search finds two photos of the Cannelton Locks and Dam:
- Search Flickr for images with the keywords: "Ohio River" dam under these licenses: cc-by or cc-by-sa
Markland Locks and Dam
Evidently Markland Locks and Dam (the next dam 95.3 miles downstream on the Ohio River) has a power plant now, 81,000 kva according to this page:
- "Markland". United States Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
This page:
- "Markland Hydro Station". Duke Energy. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
says:
- Capacity: 65 megawatts
- Switzerland County, Indiana
- Commercial Date: 1967
- At first this excerpt from the above page made no sense: "has three turbine generators inside a 150-foot high concrete dam", since the head is only 35 feet. At first I did not see where they could fit a structure of 150 vertical feet on the site. Later I found the book by R. F. Ott (see below) that shows a cross-sectional diagram of the powerhouse, which extends well below the pool level of the tailrace, down into the riverbed. The Ohio River is deep everywhere now, because dams along its whole length impound navigation pools.
The first page says
Search for some more links with {{Google}} and {{Google scholar cite}}:
That finds some interesting links:
- "Theatened and Endangered Species Assessment, Public Report, Markland Hydroelectric Project" (PDF). Duke Energy, Indiana. 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help)- The report lists the powerhouse capacity as 81 MW. This conflicts with the 65 MW figure on the Duke Energy page. So, I have three sources which list the capacity as 81,000 kva, 65 MW, and 81 MW. Duh.
- This shows aerial views of the powerhouse, which is on the north end of Markland Dam on the Indiana side. The locks are on the south end, the Kentucky side. The report also shows photos of the power lines leading northwest from the dam to the Fairview substation in Indiana.
Google found a book listed on Google Books that shows a cross-sectional diagram of the powerhouse and a turbine.
- Ott, R.F. (1995). Guidelines for Design of Intakes for Hydroelectric Plants. Vol. 3. American Society of Civil Engineers.
Energy templates
21:43, 30 July 2008 (UTC): I wrote notes about Energy templates (i.e., energy-related navigation templates) elsewhere on this page. Move all my template-related notes to this section so I can keep track of them more easily.
User:Teratornis/Energy/Energy templates visual
21:03, 5 August 2010 (UTC): make a page that displays all the energy-related templates:
Eventually consider moving it to Wikipedia:WikiProject Energy/Energy templates visual, if it looks useful enough.
Template categories
08:21, 30 March 2008 (UTC): I noticed some less than optimal categorization in the templates that appear in energy articles. Presumably the most generally appropriate category would be:
but some templates are in:
- Category:Technology and applied science templates
- Category:Natural science and nature navbox templates
I will recategorize the clearly energy-related templates into Category:Energy templates, when I notice them as I browse around energy articles.
I noticed that Category:Energy templates is itself in no category. I looked around for a suitable parent category, and I decided Category:Technology and applied science templates probably makes the most sense.
Templates by other users
As other users create energy-related navigation templates, make sure the template names are correct, and categorize them appropriately.
Template:Petroleum Industry
05:47, 31 July 2008 (UTC): the template is new, and needs the following:
- A proper documentation subpage, per WP:DOC; see {{Peak oil}} and Template:Peak oil/doc. 07:39, 2 August 2008 (UTC): done.
- Categorize it into Category:Energy templates. (That's part of what I will get by copying and editing Template:Peak oil/doc to Template:Petroleum industry/doc.) 07:39, 2 August 2008 (UTC): done.
- WP:TITLE#Lowercase. 05:28, 2 August 2008 (UTC): done.
- Update all the links to the template: Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Petroleum_Industry. 05:28, 2 August 2008 (UTC): done.
Template:Solar energy
17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): I see no navigation template for articles about
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: solar energy
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: solar energy
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: solar energy
- I only see some navigation templates for renewable energy articles pertaining to specific regions (such as countries).
Categories:
16:35, 30 July 2008 (UTC): I see that someone made a navigation template for solar energy, but they put it in the wrong place:
The template should not be a subpage of another template. See if any other templates (pages in the Template:
15:53, 1 August 2008 (UTC): It appears that only Template:Navbox/Solar energy is in the wrong place.
21:53, 2 August 2008 (UTC): so move the template to {{Solar energy}} and add a documentation subpage. Fix the links to it: Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Navbox/Solar energy. 06:06, 4 August 2008 (UTC): done.
Template:Sustainable technology
00:59, 6 August 2008 (UTC): {{
Template:Energy in the USA
21:41, 21 August 2008 (UTC): {{
22:19, 25 October 2008 (UTC): an unregistered user deleted the energy books group with no prior discussion to build consensus. I might start a discussion about that on
Other articles to add to the template:
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: united states oil reserves - search for related articles about petroleum that are not yet in the template.
- Oil reserves in the United States
- Strategic Petroleum Reserve
- Arctic Refuge drilling controversy
- Drill Here. Drill Now.
Separate the types of energy into different groups, for example non-renewable and renewable energy, like I did in {{
Template:GalvanicCells
23:59, 29 November 2008 (UTC): the {{GalvanicCells}} template had no documentation subpage, and was not listed in {{Energy templates}}. I fixed both items.
Template:Grid modernization
23:59, 29 November 2008 (UTC): the {{
Template:Energy templates
05:28, 2 August 2008 (UTC): make an {{Energy templates}} template, similar to {{Google templates}}. The latter goes in the "See also" sections of documentation subpages for templates such as {{Google custom}}. That way, when I add or discover more energy-related templates, I can add links to them from all the other energy-related templates by editing only one template.
Template:Ocean energy
17:42, 27 July 2008 (UTC): make a template about {{Ocean energy}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox. Copy from {{Bioenergy}} and edit it.
Search for existing work with {{
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: ocean energy
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: ocean energy
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: ocean energy
Categories:
- Category:Ocean energy
- Category:Energy conversion
- Category:Renewable energy
- Category:Wave power
- Category:Energy from oceans and water
- Category:Power station technology
- Category:Sustainable technologies
04:48, 25 October 2008 (UTC): {{Ocean energy}} remains somewhat sparse, reflecting the relative lack of development of ocean energy compared with other types of renewable energy. The wind, solar, and geothermal industries are much farther along as of 2008. However, several companies and countries are seriously developing ocean energy, so the industry may grow in size, and Wikipedia articles may grow along with it. However, ocean energy will have a challenge to catch up to wind power, which seems solidly into an exponential growth curve now.
Template:Geothermal power
23:54, 27 July 2008 (UTC): make a navigation template for Geothermal power.
Search for existing work with {{
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: geothermal energy
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: geothermal energy
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: geothermal energy
Somewhat confusingly, the main article for this topic is Geothermal power, but the relevant category is Category:Geothermal energy. I will call the template {{Geothermal power}}, in favor of the main article.
00:56, 6 August 2008 (UTC): I started a draft of the template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox.
Some categories containing articles to add to a {{Geothermal power}} template:
Template:Energy books and films
01:58, 10 August 2008 (UTC): do we have a template for energy books and films yet? I am not finding one with these searches:
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: energy book
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: energy book
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: energy book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: energy film
- Search Wikipedia's Category: namespace for: energy film
- Search Wikipedia's Template: namespace for: energy film
List some categories containing articles for this template to link to:
- Category:Books about petroleum politics
- Category:Climate change books
- Category:Peak oil books
- Category:Peak oil films
Look for other categories containing links to energy-related books and films. There might not be any or many such categories yet.
A page that lists a lot of books relating to energy, although many of them may not yet have articles on Wikipedia:
List of books about energy issues
Lists (see: WP:LIST):
- List of books about energy issues
Look for similar lists:
Wikipedia has many Lists of books. They appear to follow various formats. One illustrative page is:
- Wikipedia:Wikiproject Books/List of books by title, e.g.:
- Wikipedia:Wikiproject Books/List of books by title: A
I would like to add authors to the entries on
Here is an interesting book from Category:Books about petroleum politics, by Chris Mooney: The Republican War on Science. However, I'm not seeing anything about energy jumping right out in the following video (other than some mentions of climate change):
- Chris Mooney: The Republican War on Science on YouTube
More searches to look for books about energy:
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: climate change book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: climate change books
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: global warming book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: global warming books
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: wind power book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: solar energy book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: geothermal energy book
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: biofuel book
06:48, 16 August 2008 (UTC): temporarily paste in the list entries from
- Brittle Power: Energy Strategy for National Security (1982)
- Canada’s Deadly Secret: Saskatchewan Uranium and the Global Nuclear System (2007)
- Energy and American Society: Thirteen Myths(2007)
- Energy Autonomy: The Economic, Social & Technological Case for Renewable Energy (2007)
- Energy Technology Perspectives (biennial)
- Energy Victory: Winning the War on Terror by Breaking Free of Oil (2007)
- Global Warming: Opposing Viewpoints (2002)
- Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy (2007)
- Half Gone: Oil, Gas, Hot Air and the Global Energy Crisis(2005)
- Nuclear Implosions: The Rise and Fall of the Washington Public Power Supply System(2008)
- Nuclear Nebraska: The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Couldn’t Be Bought (2007)
- Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? (2007)
- Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil (2004)
- Outlook On Renewable Energy In America(2007)
- Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World
- Reaction Time: Climate Change and the Nuclear Option (2007)
- Renewable Electricity and the Grid: The Challenge of Variability (2007)
- Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2010)
- Small is profitable: The hidden economic benefits of making electrical resources the right size(2002)
- The Carbon War: Global Warming and the End of the Oil Era(1999)
- The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity (2007)
- The Hype about Hydrogen, Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate(2004)
- The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-first Century (2005)
- The Party's Over: Oil, War, and the Fate of Industrial Societies (2003)
- Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (2004)
- Winning the Oil Endgame: Innovation for Profits, Jobs and Security (2005)
Template:Energy books
04:18, 18 August 2008 (UTC): since there are a lot of books relating to energy, make separate navigation templates for energy-related books and films. Start by making a template for {{Energy books}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox. Copy from {{Peak oil}} and edit it.
Template:Energy films
04:18, 18 August 2008 (UTC): also make a {{Energy films}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2.
Categories to check for possible links:
- Category:Documentaries about technology
- Category:Documentaries about transportation
- Category:Environmental films
Template:Electricity generation
03:11, 25 August 2008 (UTC): articles such as
I thought initially about calling this: Template:Power station technology, but then I liked the name {{
Categories:
Neither the
Template:Energy policy
04:43, 25 October 2008 (UTC): given that the
Searches:
Articles:
- List of energy topics#Energy and society
- List of energy topics#Energy Policies and Use - National and International
Categories:
Template:Energy units
04:43, 25 October 2008 (UTC): I'm looking at other articles on
- List of energy topics#Energy unit terms - make an {{Energy units}} template
- Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Convert
- Template:Convert/list of units/energy
I like the
Template:Petroleum in the United States
07:23, 20 November 2008 (UTC): several articles about petroleum in the United States have no navigation template yet. For example:
- Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
- Petronius (oil platform) - this does have {{Supertall}}, but no template specifically about energy
Template:Alternative vehicle propulsion
07:23, 20 November 2008 (UTC): several articles about alternative vehicle propulsion technology have no navigation template yet. For example:
- Compressed natural gas
- Electric double-layer capacitor
- Electric vehicle
- Hypermiling
- Regenerative braking
- Vehicle-to-grid
- HCNG
- Hydrogen fuel enhancement
07:33, 16 June 2008 (UTC): make a navigation template for links of the type in: Transportation demand management#See also.
Template:Wind power in the United States
03:34, 22 November 2008 (UTC): after I started the
Glossary
22:14, 21 June 2009 (UTC): make a Glossary of energy page. See:
- Portal:Contents/List of glossaries
- Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Manual of Style
- Search the subpage tree below Wikipedia:Manual of Style for: glossary
- Wikipedia:Manual of Style (glossaries)
I can collect definitions of technical terms from various Wikipedia articles, for example nameplate capacity, capacity factor, Scram, etc. That would be very handy.
Start with
Index
22:14, 21 June 2009 (UTC): make an index of energy that follows the analytical style of the
- Index of solar energy articles
- Index of steam energy articles
- Outline of energy
- Portal:Contents/Outline of knowledge
- Outline of energy development
- Outline of energy storage
- Outline of nuclear technology
See if there is a Manual of Style page about index pages. Also study
17:35, 1 May 2008 (UTC): Wikipedia has a
21:18, 8 October 2008 (UTC): here is an energy-related wiki that runs on MediaWiki:
07:48, 15 October 2008 (UTC): here is another wiki that runs on MediaWiki. It has pages about wind power on the Great Lakes, but at the moment the wiki seems to be broken (I was able to view Google's cached version of some of its pages).
Google custom search
The Green Maven site has a Google custom search on Web sites specializing in "green" topics.
WikiProjects
04:20, 16 August 2008 (UTC): I saw that User:GGByte is working on a WikiProject Renewable energy: User:GGByte/Renewable Energy.
WikiProject Energy
Add some more tasks to the to-do list for Wikipedia:WikiProject Energy:
Here are all the existing subpages of WikiProject Energy, so far:
WikiProject Energy |
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts/Archive
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts/Archive 1
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts/Archive 2
- WikiProject Energy/Assessment
- WikiProject Energy/Cleanup listing
- WikiProject Energy/International Energy Agency
- WikiProject Energy/Oil Megaprojects task force
- WikiProject Energy/Popular pages
- WikiProject Energy/Recognized content
- WikiProject Energy/Renewable Energy
- WikiProject Energy/Unreferenced BLPs
- WikiProject Energy/to do
WikiProject Energy |
- WikiProject Energy/Archive 1
- WikiProject Energy/Archive 2
- WikiProject Energy/Archive 3
- WikiProject Energy/Archive 4
- WikiProject Energy/Archive 5
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts/Archive 1
- WikiProject Energy/Article alerts/Archive 2
- WikiProject Energy/Assessment
- WikiProject Energy/Cleanup listing
- WikiProject Energy/International Energy Agency
- WikiProject Energy/Oil Megaprojects task force
- WikiProject Energy/Popular pages
- WikiProject Energy/Recognized content
- WikiProject Energy/Renewable Energy
- WikiProject Energy/Unreferenced BLPs
- WikiProject Energy/to do
Wikipedia:WikiProject Energy/to do uses the {{tasks}} template, which looks too constraining. The {{tasks}} template seems to assume you only need to list the titles of some pages which presumably exist. There is no room to document anything about what to do, nor to describe generally how to create things which do not exist yet. This format would seem uninformative for new users who don't know anything about Wikipedia yet. See how some of the other well-developed WikiProjects handle their to-do lists. Maybe Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics has something better. See for example:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics has multiple subpages for managing ongoing work.
Rough notes about some of the things I would like to add to an expanded to-do list for Wikipedia:WikiProject Energy:
- Wind power
- Wind power in the United States
- Create the missing categories for "Wind power in state" as subcategories of Category:Wind power in the United States by state
- Start the missing "Wind power in state" articles
- Wind power in the United States
- Media files
- Find all energy-related, freely-licensed images on Wikipedia and move them to Commons
- Categorize all energy-related images on Commons
- Geocode as many energy-related images as possible
- Correctly identify the objects in the images (wind farm, turbine vendor, etc.)
- Upload more images from Flickr to Commons
Articles that need cleanup
- Energy security
- U.S. energy independence
- Jatropha curcas
- Cellulosic ethanol
- Miscanthus
- Switchgrass
- Algae fuel
- Almost every article under Category:Bioenergy needs help
- Electricity generation}}.
Global warming
09:26, 2 July 2009 (UTC): I'm getting a bit tired of reading endless skepticism/denial of anthropomorphic
- Scientists can make mistakes, and occasionally large numbers of scientists have been wrong about things in the past. An example is Piltdown Man, a hoax that stood for 40 years before full exposure, but some scientists were skeptical from the outset. As more hominid fossils turned up elsewhere, Piltdown Man became harder to fit into the evolutionary sequence. This is unlike a scientific consensus for which each new bit of evidence tends to strengthen rather than weaken the consensus view.
However, for the most part scientists tend to be collectively very smart, which makes it difficult for large numbers of scientists to persist in egregious errors for long periods. With modern instrumentation, data collection methods, global communication, and many scientists checking each others' work, it is unlikely for an average untrained person to realize something that all the scientists missed. Not impossible, but very unlikely. Most objections to the AGW consensus are thus squarely in the newbie-FAQ category, the sort of thing that scientists would have recognized and checked from the start. Unfortunately, the average person isn't aware of that, and easily falls prey to unqualified question-raising of the Glenn Beck variety. To working scientists, having to answer newbie-FAQs is a waste of time, but unfortunately any effective response to global warming will require life-altering behavioral changes from everybody who currently burns substantial amounts of fossil fuels directly or indirectly, or who contributes to deforestation. Which would be nearly everyone in an industrialized or industrializing country, as well as anyone who chops down trees in a less-developed country. In short, almost everyone who has had contact with modern civilization.
Since Wikipedia has a
So anyway, one of the great strengths of wiki technology is that we can accumulate the results of questions and answers, so we can keep improving the answers by collaborative editing and we won't have to waste the rest of our lives repeatedly answering the same questions. But because Wikipedia is not a platform for advocacy, even if the habitability of the planet is at stake, the Constitution may actually be a suicide pact here. Therefore the most appropriate platform for collaboratively editing a global warming FAQ would probably be another wiki.
- http://earth.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page - Global Warming Wikia - not very well developed, looks like some copy and paste from Wikipedia articles
- http://globalwarming.wikidot.com/ - Global Warming Wiki, at wikidot.com (a wiki farm
- http://www.countercurrents.org/henderson240807.htm - A Climate Change Wiki: not a wiki, but a somewhat rambling call to construct a climate change wiki
- wikiindex:Category:Environment
- http://www.wikigw.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page - wow, here's an example of what to avoid, a spammed wiki that would have been about global warming
- http://www.appropedia.org/Welcome_to_Appropedia - this one looks like a fairly well-developed wiki, by people who are familiar with Wikipedia
Here are some general sites that result from an obvious {{Google}} search:
- answers to global warming skeptics
- http://www.astronomynotes.com/solarsys/s11b.htm - Answers to Global Warming Skeptics: a list of questions with links to many other sites
- http://www.grist.org/article/series/skeptics/ - How to Talk to a Climate Skeptic: Responses to the most common skeptical arguments on global warming
- The above series has some good content, but the format is rather ugly compared to Wikipedia (in keeping with Teratornis' law: everything sucks compared to Wikipedia), the reader has to click all over to read each question one at a time on a separate page, and you have to scroll down each page individually to skip a bunch of irrelevant header garbage. I see no way to read the questions in compact order on one long page, or to scroll to the next question without having to scroll back to the contents page. Ugh.
Psychological aspects of Global Warming
- Katz, Ian (2009-07-05). "Can cloud-making ships, giant algae "stomachs" and the lessons of the Serengeti save us?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
Psychotherapist Rosemary Randall described her Cambridge-based project to reduce people's carbon footprint by engaging them in a series of 'carbon conversations'. She was puzzled by the fact that people who accepted the threat of climate change still didn't change their lifestyles accordingly. In response, her approach not only helps people understand their carbon footprints but also recognizes the key roll that psychology and emotion play in behaviour change. "We don't just talk about how to increase energy efficiency in a home, we talk about what makes a home a home." Typically, people who went through her six-meeting course cut one tonne from their carbon emissions in the first year and halved their emissions in two to five years.
- One minute video summary by Rosemary Randall
- Aldhous, Peter (2009-08-19). "How psychology can help the planet stay cool". New Scientist. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
- Corner, Adam (2009-10-26). "Psychology is the missing link in the climate change debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
- Marshall, George (2009-03-09). "Jeremy Clarkson and Michael O'Leary won't listen to green cliches and complaints about polar bears". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
Global warming denial
21:41, 2 August 2009 (UTC): this is an interesting subject. Some links:
- http://perspicacity.wordpress.com/2008/02/14/naomi-oreskes-gets-to-the-source-of-denial/
- global warming denial finds a number of overlapping articles on Wikipedia.
08:50, 8 August 2009 (UTC): here some interesting posts on The Guardian about denialism by this user:
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2009/aug/05/climate-change-scepticism?commentid=6bcda870-bdda-4f72-8e22-2f3f7183d3ca
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2009/aug/05/climate-change-scepticism?commentid=aac92dbf-7e51-4496-bfc2-7125d28e5276
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2009/aug/05/climate-change-scepticism?commentid=c225fb90-9ecf-4de4-b03b-88f4a0bfadf7
I saw an interesting video about an unrelated struggle of ideas:
in which "Jarret Brachman summarizes an interview of high-ranking al-Qaeda official Abu Yahya al-Libi (reportedly a likely successor to Osama bin Laden), in which al-Libi taunts the U.S. by offering six strategies the military could use to defeat the terror network."
- Amplifying backtrackers. People who used to be prominent members of al-Qaeda but who have since recanted "hurt al-Qaeda and hurt them badly."
- Fabrication and exaggeration. (I don't quite understand Brachman's point there.)
- Supporting anyone who announces religious rulings or fatwa against al-Qaeda.
- Introducing new voices. An insurgency is fundamentally predicated on eliminating distinctions between the insurgents and the host population. al-Qaeda understands that the more distinctions and shades of gray that are introduced within Islam, the worse it is for al-Qaeda.
- Symbolically degrading senior jihadists by releasing unflattering photos of them. (E.g., File:Khalid Shaikh Mohammed after capture.jpg.)
- Promoting the distinctions. (Salafist jihadismhas evidently splintered.)
03:23, 6 March 2010 (UTC): a fascinating series of articles about the rabid right-wing populist version of climate change denial.
- http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2826189.htm
- http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2827047.htm
- http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2828195.htm
- http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2829295.htm
- http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2830890.htm
21:42, 29 May 2010 (UTC): a list of publications about climate change denial:
Key Scientific Developments since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
08:42, 8 August 2009 (UTC): here is an interesting update:
- http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Key-Scientific-Developments-Since-IPCC-4th-Assessment.pdf Key Scientific Developments since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Science Brief 2, June 2009
- Basically, several indications and future projections of climate change are worse now than they were in the last IPCC report.
Bjørn Lomborg vs. Myles Allen
02:00, 10 August 2009 (UTC): here is an interesting debate.
Michael Pawlyn
05:33, 11 August 2009 (UTC): here is an interesting video from Google:
- Michael Pawlyn at Zeitgeist Europe 2007 on YouTube
- Michael Pawlyn speaks about some the projects Grimshaw Architects has worked on including a carbon-neutral amphitheatre in Las Palmas and the world-famous Eden Project in Cornwall
His response to Bjørn Lomborg is also interesting:
Sea level
According to
- "The Role of the Ocean". Office of Climate Observation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
04:58, 23 August 2010 (UTC): see my comment here:
The Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States article does not list emissions by economic sector. This information is available here:
- "U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory". USEPA. 2010-07-09. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
It would be nice to make some diagrams similar to File:Greenhouse Gas by Sector.png, but for the US rather than the whole world, to illustrate this article. That would also show the differences between the relative amounts of greenhouse gases coming from given sectors in the US vs. globally. For example, in the US, the ratio of transport emissions to agricultural emissions is higher than for the whole world. This is because on global scale, most countries have agriculture, but few have motorized to the extent that the US has.
Copy-editing pass through global warming articles
05:06, 23 August 2010 (UTC): I'm reading through several articles relating to global warming and climate change, making small edits to add links and so on. Since I've read or edited a number of related articles, sometimes I can see where an article could have more links to articles I am familiar with, current links are not as specific as they could be, or terminology in one article is not consistent with terminology in another. Given the large number of articles and the complexity of the subject area, one expects to see some inconsistency.
Additionality
00:03, 6 September 2010 (UTC): the jargon term "Additionality" relates to projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The term is not yet in the Glossary of climate change but several articles mention it or define it:
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: Additionality
- Clean Development Mechanism
- Carbon credit
- Carbon offset
- Renewable Energy Certificates
- Eugene Green Energy Standard
- Talk:Carbon credit#Additionality
- CDM Gold Standard
- Loharinag Pala Hydro Power Project#Description- mentions a tool for assessing the additionality of a renewable electricity generating project
- TerraPass#Quality principles
- "Climate Change in Oregon, Carbon Allocation Task Force, Glossary". State of Oregon. 2007-08-01. Retrieved 2010-09-05. - contains a not very clear definition of additionality
- wikt:additionality - one of the better definitions I've seen:
- (economics) Net positive difference that results from economic development intervention. The extent to which an activity (and associated outputs, outcomes and impacts) is larger in scale, at a higher quality, takes place quicker, takes place at a different location, or takes place at all as a result of intervention. Additionality measures the net result, taking account of deadweight, leakage, displacement, substitution and economic multipliers.[21]
- define:additionality - finds some more definitions
- USEPA climate change glossary does not mention the term, but mentions several other terms not yet in Wikipedia's Glossary of climate change.
- "Green-e Dictionary". Green-e. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-11. - another glossary with some terms that focus on Green-e's business, which is to certify Renewable Energy Certificates.
Annex I countries
07:48, 6 September 2010 (UTC): some articles say "Annex I countries" (I=the letter
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: "Annex I countries" - Results 1 - 10 of about 61 from en.wikipedia.org for "annex I countries".
- Search Wikipedia with Google for: "Annex 1 countries" - Results 1 - 10 of about 32 from en.wikipedia.org for "Annex 1 countries".
The UNFCCC site uses "Annex I" (with the letter I) so that may be canonical. For example:
Searching the UNFCCC site for "Annex 1" (number 1) finds some hits, but they don't seem to be in connection with the Annex I countries.
Enteric fermentation
09:15, 6 September 2010 (UTC): the
See also
- Energy use in the United States
- {{Energy in the USA}}
- WP:Energy)
Lists
- List of books about energy issues
- List of countries by electricity production from renewable source
- List of energy topics
- List of large wind farms
- List of photovoltaics companies
- List of renewable energy magazines
- List of renewable energy organizations
- List of renewable energy topics by country
- List of solar thermal power stations
- List of the largest hydroelectric power stations
- List of wind turbine manufacturers
References
07:02, 2 November 2009 (UTC): these are mostly garbaged references from a scratch editing section above. I'll clean them out later.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
RFA1E
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Julia Duailibi (2008-04-27). "Ele é o falso vilão" (in Portuguese). Veja Magazine. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9786293-0-4)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
Wilson
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Maria Helena Tachinardi (2008-06-13). "Por que a cana é melhor que o milho" (in Portuguese). Época Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-06. Print editon pp. 73
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
NYT100406
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
MLA_2004
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
WorldBank
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ ) Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. See Letters to Science by Wang and Haq. There are critics to these findings for assuming a worst case scenario.
- ^ "Another Inconvenient Truth" (PDF). Oxfam. 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2008-08-06.Oxfam Briefing Paper 114, figure 2 pp.8
- ^ ) Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. There are rebuttals to these findings for assuming a worst case scenario
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Folha Online
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - USDoE (2007-09-17). "Data, Analysis and Trends: Light Duty E85 FFVs in Use (1998-2008)". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center. Retrieved 2008-08-19. Trend of total FFVs in use from 1998-2008, based on FFV production rates and life expectancy (Excel file)
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Apollo
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition (2008-08-08). "New E85 Stations". NEVC FYI Newsletter (Vol 14 no. 13). Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ANP07_2008
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ANP02_2008
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Brazil48_20
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Energy Information Administration (August 2007). "Renewable Energy Consumption and Electricity Preliminary 2006 Statistics: Ethanol". EIA. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
BEN2007
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Scottish Enterprise (2007) Scottish Enterprise Economic Impact Assessment Guidance, Version 1.0, Scottish Enterprise: Glasgow.